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Medicine

Pfizer, BioNTech Say Third Dose Neutralizes Omicron Variant (bloomberg.com) 292

Pfizer and BioNTech said initial lab studies show a third dose of their Covid-19 vaccine neutralizes the omicron variant, results that will accelerate booster shot drives around the world. From a report: A booster with the current version of the vaccine increased antibodies 25-fold, providing a similar level as observed after two doses against the original virus and other variants, the companies said Wednesday. Blood plasma from people immunized with two doses of the vaccine has neutralizing antibody levels more than 25-fold less versus omicron than against the original strain of the virus, the companies said. "It's clear from these preliminary data that protection is improved with a third dose," Pfizer Chief Executive Officer Albert Bourla said in a statement. The initial data show a third dose could offer still offer enough protection from disease, BioNTech CEO Ugur Sahin said.
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Pfizer, BioNTech Say Third Dose Neutralizes Omicron Variant

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  • How booster works (Score:5, Informative)

    by sinij ( 911942 ) on Wednesday December 08, 2021 @10:05AM (#62058689)
    In the last thread on this topic I asked how booster could work against Omicron and got a very good answer. [slashdot.org] Make sure you read this if you want to make informed decisions.
    • by Bongo ( 13261 )

      Um, whilst technically nuanced, that answer doesn't say they know it works. Actually the nuances could be read as, we don't know that it works, and even allows for, it may not work.

      • by sinij ( 911942 ) on Wednesday December 08, 2021 @11:47AM (#62059121)
        The explanation proposes a mechanism of how it could work - more antibodies, as long as binding affinity is not 0%, is better. Considering immunity is polyclonal, you have multiple types of antibodies and having them all at 0% affinity is unlikely. So everything else equal, having a booster is better than not having a booster.

        You need to do your own risk analysis to determine how reasonable "everything else equal' assumption.
        • by gweihir ( 88907 ) on Wednesday December 08, 2021 @01:32PM (#62059633)

          There is also the effect of the boster on the Delta, which will still be around for a while.

          But either Omicron is significantly less deadly or the vaccination still works, maybe both. Otherwise we should see the start of negative effects from Omicron already. Until we know for sure, it is a very good idea to keep your vaccination status as updated as possible and that means boosting.

          Yes, that argument is simplified. But with all the people that had the good sense to get vaccinated, we know the vaccines are safe. No, you will not turn into a crocodile in 2 years, no vaccine _ever_ had side-effects that were hidden more than a couple of months and no vaccination campaign ever was larger or more carefully monitored, exactly because things needed to be rushed. At this time we have excellent data, far better than even a full, slow vaccination testing process would have provided.

          Well, to be fair there may be a connection that means anti-vaxxers will get side-effects nobody else gets as they are the only group we have no good data on. On the other hand, no vaccine ever was less effective or less safe for the abysmally stupid, so this is unlikely.

  • by Echoez ( 562950 ) * on Wednesday December 08, 2021 @10:09AM (#62058705)

    I am pro-vaccine. 3 shots of Moderna, all 3 of my kids got 2 doses, etc. BUT I will admit that when I read headlines quoting Big Pharma executives talking about the need for more shots (thus earning them more money), it gives me pause. They could be 100% accurate in the need for 3 shots HOWEVER I don't know if it serves the cause of improving public health for Big Pharma executives to publicly state this.

    I think it should be left to public health officials to clearly explain the data and recommendations. The last thing you want is for vaccine-hesitant folks to start thinking "Oh, of course the greedy pharma companies want us to get 3rd, 4th and 5th shots. This is their cash-cow!"

    • I don't know if it serves the cause of improving public health for Big Pharma executives to publicly state this.

      It does not at all matter who says it. If the pharmacos say it directly then it's "big pharma said it, they must want more money" and if it's public health officials then it's "fauci said it so he must be a big pharma tool".

      The last thing you want is for vaccine-hesitant folks to start thinking "Oh, of course the greedy pharma companies want us to get 3rd, 4th and 5th shots. This is their cash-cow!"

      They were thinking that even before there were boosters. There is literally no getting out ahead of that one,

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        by sinij ( 911942 )
        Yes, you highlighted a very important issue is that we have a crisis of public confidence. People don't trust pharma executives because there is a strong historical precedent of them lying. It hasn't been a year since guilty verdicts for OxyContin and Purdue Pharma. People don't trust Fauci because there is a long list of flip flopping and redefining terms to avoid responsibility. Fauci trying to shirk responsibility for funding dangerous research [factcheck.org] discredits him.
        • People don't trust Fauci because there is a long list of flip flopping

          People sure do love certainty. But anyone who is holding on to certainty in the face of the completely unknown is the one you shouldn't be trusting. Especially early on, you need to be ready to change your opinion and advice every single day if you want to follow the science. Humility rather than arrogance is far more useful, even if it doesn't seem masculine enough for you.

        • by orlanz ( 882574 )

          Sorry, but the tail of your post isn't against Fauci, but Science in general. Science is the continuous & never ending act of trying to prove what we know is _wrong_. We should be celebrating every time we find a lesser wrong; not demonizing the initial one.

          The vast majority of benefits to mankind have been from researching the harmful stuff. We already had 6 worldwide outbreaks in the last 20 years with 3 being COVID, its logical that we would research their origins and how it happened and the mecha

      • In some places, the big pharma greedy bastards are much more favourably seen than the elected (and named) officials.

        • In some places, the big pharma greedy bastards are much more favourably seen than the elected (and named) officials.

          In the minds of people who don't know how anything works, specifically. The big pharma greedy bastards work hand in hand with the officials, whether elected or appointed. They simply apply big bags of money to problems until they go away. Only hands can wash hands.

    • by fred6666 ( 4718031 ) on Wednesday December 08, 2021 @10:31AM (#62058779)

      COVID-19 vaccines save money. It's much cheaper (something like $20-30 per dose, plus labor) to vaccinate everyone (even every 6 months) than having to support continuous lockdowns, testings (not free either) and perhaps most importantly hospital care for the few that will get very sick. And hospital costs get even more important if the pandemic is not under control and we need to build more hospitals and hire more staff.

      That being said, just because Pfizer says something doesn't mean public health authorities don't make the final call. For example here in Canada, the third dose is still not widely available or recommended. Especially for the under 50, two doses still seem to be good enough, especially if the interval between the doses was 8 weeks or more (which has been shown to provide longer immunity compared to the standard 3-4 weeks).
      And this is as it should be.

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        Is there a reason why the Pfizer one is so expensive? The AstraZenica vaccine is around $2/dose.

        • Is there a reason why the Pfizer one is so expensive? The AstraZenica vaccine is around $2/dose.

          Corporatism, obviously, which is running the show in America. But with that said, the AZ vaccine is sold for less in part because it is worth less. So far the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are the most effective.

        • by vyvepe ( 809573 )
          Need for low temperature handling at least. There may be other reasons as well.
        • Rich countries paid much more than $2/dose for AstraZeneca.
          However, there is still a price difference, which can be explained:

          Initially:

          1. Was ready and approved before. AZ still not approved in the USA
          2. AZ pledged not to make any profit, Pfizer didn't.
          3. Better initial numbers (94% vs 62% efficacy on label)

          And now:

          3. Pfizer-BioNTech appears more effective, especially against Delta.
          4. AZ got a bad press because of blot clot issues, and many rich countries stopped using it
          5. AZ is still not approved for kid

          • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

            The EU is reported to have paid $2.20 for AZ.

            • This is cheap but this may also explain why they were not getting it.
              AstraZeneca never delivered what was promised to the EU. I hope the EU didn't pay.

      • That being said, just because Pfizer says something doesn't mean public health authorities don't make the final call. For example here in Canada, the third dose is still not widely available or recommended. Especially for the under 50, two doses still seem to be good enough, especially if the interval between the doses was 8 weeks or more (which has been shown to provide longer immunity compared to the standard 3-4 weeks). And this is as it should be.

        This may actually be because your government simply doesn't want to pay for a 3rd dose and is gambling that "good enough" won't overburden the Canadian health care system and not at all because they think it's not helpful.

    • Perhaps you should read some news before doing uneducated accusations towards "big pharma" - it makes you look like an complete idiot.

      Some regions in Germany officially started with Triage ... so go figure if you are scared about the booster netting someone some money.

    • The thing is, Vaccines are not the best business to be in, Pfizer and Moderna would probably love to get COVID issue off their plate, so they can put their time and resources towards higher margin drugs.

      The same thing with Hospitals, people are saying why are you Hospitals so worried about your finances, when there are so many sick people in your beds.
      Hospitals get bigger compensations with performing surgeries, and much less for just bed stay and monitoring. So where an average COVID Hospitalization may c

    • I don't think it matters. At this point, everyone in the US is totally aware of Covid and the vaccine. And they have chosen their caps and are firmly in them. And they ain't moving. There is nothing that can be done to reach the hesitant because the credibility of the people trying to reach them is shot. Fauci admitted that he did not tell the truth because we "were not ready to hear it." People remember this and question anything he says. Democrat politicians were avidly against the "Trump Vaccine"
      • And they have chosen their caps

        Intentional or Freudian slip?

      • There is nothing that can be done to reach the hesitant

        Of course there is. We can force them. Either to get access to some places (airplanes, restaurants, work, whatever) or by taxing the unvaccinated.
        You may not like it, but it does work. And even if it doesn't, at least these people will stay home so it's better for the rest of us.

    • This is probably more for RP and goodwill than profit. Because it's way, way more profitable for pharma corporations to have people in ICUs. The deals they have with various countries concerning the vaccine ain't that beneficial for them (you might have heard about various calls to "renegotiate" those deals), because that would have been a public relations disaster if they dared to profit from what is supposed to be life saving vaccines.

      They have a lot more leeway with cures, especially the ones that are no

    • It's really funny to me hearing this now vs. a year ago. We weren't concerned with the billions of dollars being poured into the vaccine manufacturers pockets then so why now? If you are an optimist you may say this is how science works and isn't it wonderful that we can have something that saves lives? If you're a pessimist you realize that billions of dollars and new Pharma exec billionaires [oxfam.org] have been created for a "cure" that only lasts a few months; it's almost like they wanted it that way.

    • I am skeptical of the business practices of the pharmaceutical companies but I still recognize that the products they put out are modern day miracles.
    • The last thing you want is for vaccine-hesitant folks to start thinking "Oh, of course the greedy pharma companies want us to get 3rd, 4th and 5th shots. This is their cash-cow!"

      Of course, many, many people (probably even some of the vaccine-hesitant) get a Flu shot every year -- for different strains of the influenza virus that pop up -- so ongoing shots/boosters aren't uncommon and getting them for different strains/variants of COVID shouldn't be that controversial.

      Perhaps what confuses people is why some vaccinations last a "lifetime" and others require boosters decades, years or months apart. There are many good articles about this, search: why some vaccines lifetime [google.com]. This

  • Anyone else get really confused when wording like this is used? What does "25-fold less" even mean? 1/25th? 1/25th of what?

    If it means 1/25th, then maybe saying "4% the effectiveness of the vaccine, compared to effectiveness against original and Delta variants" would communicate numbers better.

    • by bws111 ( 1216812 )

      It means 1/25th the number of neutralizing antibodies, after 2 shots, compared to the number of antibodies to the original strains. That is NOT the same as 4% of the effectiveness of the vaccine, as the effectiveness of the vaccine is not measured by antibodies, it is measured by comparing disease rates in vaccinated vs unvaccinated people. A booster shot increases the number of antibodies to omicron 25x.

      • N-fold should mean 2 to the power of n, but common parlance just means times as many. It's always mildly annoyed me it's not used correctly but I don't control how language changes so it's whatever.
        • by bws111 ( 1216812 )

          "Should mean"? According to who? For instance, the use of the word 'threefold' to mean 'three times as many' goes back at least 1000 years. Pretty sure 'threefold' NEVER meant 'eight times as many'.

  • This just in... (Score:4, Informative)

    by Crash Gordon ( 233006 ) on Wednesday December 08, 2021 @01:20PM (#62059591)

    Saw a story on the local NBC news in Chicago [nbcchicago.com] that the first omicron case in Illinois has been isolated. The patient is fully vaccinated plus booster.

  • by zeeky boogy doog ( 8381659 ) on Wednesday December 08, 2021 @05:35PM (#62060693)
    The neutralizing antibody 50%-neutralization dilutions (titers) regularly seen in clinical trials of the mRNA shots at peak, two week after the 2nd dose, against the ancestral strain, were routinely in the multiple thousands. Although we didn't know it at the time ( https://www.medrxiv.org/conten... [medrxiv.org] ), a neutralizing titer of 100 correlates with 94% protection against infection (not symptoms, against infection). Then D614G reduced titers by half, to the low thousands. Then with alpha the average titer was between 1 and 2 thousand. With delta it drops to somewhat under 1000.

    If omicron does reduce neutralization by 40x, then the peak post-2nd-shot antibody level would have barely reached the threshold of protecting against infection by it. The large buffer provided by the high effectiveness of the shots, because they provoked far more than enough antibodies to defeat the ancestral strain, has run out.

    The 3rd round of affinity maturation from the booster shot improves neutralization efficiency across the board (it improves neutralization of alpha by ~1.8, closing the gap to almost nil, of beta by ~4 improving the reduction in neutralization to a factor of 2, and of delta by ~2, closing the gap to a factor of 2) and yields peak antibody levels that are about 50% higher than post 2nd dose. But even if it does improve by the largest factor - 4 - that means all together you'll be starting with a titer in the mid hundreds. Which will decay to under 100 within a few months.

    The fact that we've gone from the original trials - which reported >99% protection against hospitalization, 96% protection against symptomatic disease and later 94% protection against infection - to "a booster shot will probably keep you from getting seriously ill" - tells you that an updated vaccine is needed.

    FTA: "Whether omicron-targeted boosters are needed now still isn’t clear." I'd say the fact that a single person with omicron at a party in Norway where every single attendee was vaccinated managed to infect literally 90 out of 120 people makes it pretty damn clear.

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