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Medicine

Pfizer Data Suggest Third Dose of Covid-19 Vaccine 'Strongly' Boosts Protection Against Delta Variant (cnn.com) 176

A third dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine can "strongly" boost protection against the Delta variant -- beyond the protection afforded by the standard two doses, suggests new data released by Pfizer on Wednesday. From a report: The data posted online suggest that antibody levels against the Delta variant in people ages 18 to 55 who receive a third dose of vaccine are greater than fivefold than following a second dose. Among people ages 65 to 85, the Pfizer data suggest that antibody levels against the Delta variant after receiving a third dose of vaccine are greater than 11-fold than following a second dose.

The data, which included 23 people, have not yet been peer-reviewed or published. During a company earnings call on Wednesday morning, Dr. Mikael Dolsten, who leads worldwide research, development and medical for Pfizer, called the new data on a third dose of vaccine "encouraging." "Receiving a third dose more than six months after vaccination, when protection may be beginning to wane, was estimated to potentially boost the neutralizing antibody titers in participants in this study to up to 100 times higher post-dose three compared to pre-dose three," Dolsten said in prepared remarks. "These preliminary data are very encouraging as Delta continues to spread." The data also show that antibody levels are much higher against the original coronavirus variant and the Beta variant, first identified in South Africa, after a third dose.

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Pfizer Data Suggest Third Dose of Covid-19 Vaccine 'Strongly' Boosts Protection Against Delta Variant

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  • by wakeboarder ( 2695839 ) on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @05:38PM (#61631685)

    90% to 95% effectiveness on the vaccine?

    • by dougmc ( 70836 ) <dougmc+slashdot@frenzied.us> on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @05:52PM (#61631751) Homepage

      94% or 95% was the effectiveness found for Pfizer's and Moderna's vaccines about a year ago when they were doing their testing.

      It's believed that the effectiveness will go down over time even against the original strains, however, I don't know that this has really been properly quantified since. That said, I do think that we've now had enough time to actually see the reduced levels of antibodies that were originally expected.

      And all that said, it's also known that these vaccines are less effective -- but still somewhat effective -- against the COVID-19 variants that have appeared in the last year or so.

      Lately, the Delta variant seems to be the dominant one, and the latest studies I've seen suggest that Pfizer and Moderna are about 40% effective at preventing a Delta infection vs no vaccine, but still something like 90% effective at preventing serious cases when compared to no vaccine. The exact numbers seem to vary as new studies come out, but a general trend has definitely emerged -- they're not as effective against Delta as they was against the original strain, but still fairly effective, and when one does get infected they tend to reduce its severity enough to greatly reduce the most serious cases.

      In any event, it's not surprising that a booster shot would help. What would help even more is if a booster shot was made to work specifically against the new strains too, however that would require many months of testing again, just like the original vaccines did, but ... just using the same shot again could be approved with a lot less testing and therefore a lot faster. (But of course, the first step is to test it to see how effective it really might be. 23 people is a pretty small sample size, but this sounds promising enough that maybe next we should try testing it on a larger sample.)

      • At the very least, studies to confirm the validity of this supposition must be conducted, preferably by someone not named Pfizer or Moderna.

      • by Thelasko ( 1196535 ) on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @06:08PM (#61631841) Journal

        Lately, the Delta variant seems to be the dominant one, and the latest studies I've seen suggest that Pfizer and Moderna are about 40% effective at preventing a Delta infection vs no vaccine, but still something like 90% effective at preventing serious cases when compared to no vaccine.

        The latest study, [forbes.com] singular. The one published two days before [nejm.org] that showed the Pfizer vaccine (BNT162b2) to be 88% effective against the delta variant.

        The study that showed 40% is an outlier at this point. It's more likely to be a poorly performed study than a real result.

        • The latest study, singular. The one published two days before that showed the Pfizer vaccine (BNT162b2) to be 88% effective against the delta variant.

          The study that showed 40% is an outlier at this point. It's more likely to be a poorly performed study than a real result.

          What is really screwy about some of the Israeli data they are claiming the symptomatic infection rate for a population that is completely naive to the virus is lower than the symptomatic reinfection rate for people who received vaccinations early on.

          Something like a quarter to a half of the population gets no symptoms and never knows they have been infected yet the Israeli data showed something like 16% symptomatic infection rate amongst the previously vaccinated.

          The Israeli data seems screwy.

          • by Whibla ( 210729 )

            What is really screwy about some of the Israeli data they are claiming the symptomatic infection rate for a population that is completely naive to the virus is lower than the symptomatic reinfection rate for people who received vaccinations early on.

            Huh?

            Something like a quarter to a half of the population gets no symptoms and never knows they have been infected...

            Ok so, to flip that on its head, something like 50-75% of an unvaccinated population becomes symptomatic when infected.

            ...yet the Israeli data showed something like 16% symptomatic infection rate amongst the previously vaccinated.

            The Israeli data seems screwy.

            Wait a second, in my maths 50% (I'll take the lower end) is not lower than 16%.

            Of course I might be misunderstanding what you're saying, or it could be that you need to rethink your point.

            • Wait a second, in my maths 50% (I'll take the lower end) is not lower than 16%.

              Of course I might be misunderstanding what you're saying, or it could be that you need to rethink your point.

              I'm sorry. I completely fucked up.

              The percentage of naive populations (no vaccine, no prior exposure) that get infected and as a result have only asymptomatic infection is something like 25% to 50% depending on study. The remaining 50% to 75% have symptoms.

              The percentage of Israelis previously vaccinated in Jan then subsequently become infected and as a result have only asymptomatic infection is 16%. The remaining 84% have symptoms.

              https://www.timesofisrael.com/... [timesofisrael.com]

              • by Whibla ( 210729 )

                I will point out that you are not comparing like for like populations here.

                In January, the month Israel started vaccinations, the elderly and most vulnerable were vaccinated first. Average age maybe 80 years old
                In the general population the average age is ... well actually I don't know, as it's extremely variable across countries, but maybe ~50 years old in the west, 40 in Israel. (tbh this is a guesstimate, and I can't be bothered to look it up)

                Given that the health outcomes for this virus are highly age d

          • by edwdig ( 47888 )

            What is really screwy about some of the Israeli data they are claiming the symptomatic infection rate for a population that is completely naive to the virus is lower than the symptomatic reinfection rate for people who received vaccinations early on.

            Something like a quarter to a half of the population gets no symptoms and never knows they have been infected yet the Israeli data showed something like 16% symptomatic infection rate amongst the previously vaccinated.

            The Israeli data seems screwy.

            I suspect most vaccinated people fight off asymptomatic infections before the virus replicates enough to generate a positive test. The infection only lasts long enough to be detected if it's more severe.

      • I don't know what data you are looking at, but according to this study [nejm.org]:

        "Only modest differences in vaccine effectiveness were noted with the delta variant as compared with the alpha variant after the receipt of two vaccine doses. Absolute differences in vaccine effectiveness were more marked after the receipt of the first dose."

    • Quite the boost when you're surrounded by anti-vax morons breathing on you. Maybe less important in countries with higher vaccination rates which actually stand a chance of developing lasting herd immunity.

    • 90% to 95% effectiveness on the vaccine?

      Or, after six months, from 84% back up to higher levels of protection. Pfizer's CEO says Covid vaccine effectiveness drops to 84% after six months [cnbc.com]

      The effectiveness of Pfizer's Covid-19 vaccine steadily declines over time, dropping to about 84% for vaccinated people about four to six months after getting their second dose, according to CEO Albert Bourla.

      The study found the vaccine's effectiveness was strongest, at 96.2%, between one week and two months after receiving the second dose. It declined an average of 6% every two months, according to the study, which signed up more than 44,000 people across the U.S. and other countries. The efficacy after "four to six months was approximately 84%," Bourla said.

      "We have seen also data from Israel that there is a waning of immunity and that starts impacting what used to be what was 100% against hospitalization. Now, after the six month period, is becoming low 90s and mid-to-high 80s," Bourla said.

      The good news is that we are very, very confident that a third dose, a booster, will take up the immune response to levels that will be enough to protect against the delta variant," the executive added, ...

      I think it's about maintaining a sufficient level of protection to effectively mitigate the Delta (and newer) variants until a sufficient number of people are vaccinated to slow spread and possible mutation rates.

      On a more cynical note, is it really any surprise that pharma companies are going to want to recommend people keep getting more booster shots -- eve

    • https://www.advisory.com/daily... [advisory.com]

      "Specifically, researchers have estimated the vaccine was just 39% effective at preventing infection in Israel in late June and early July, compared to 95% from January to early April. However, the vaccine was more than 90% effective at preventing severe Covid-19 in both time periods."

      Interesting article, lots of caveats.

      All you can do is evaluate your personal risk factors and go from there. John Hopkins has a COVID risk calculator you can use to gauge that. Openvaers has t

      • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

        https://www.advisory.com/daily... [advisory.com]

        "Specifically, researchers have estimated the vaccine was just 39% effective at preventing infection in Israel in late June and early July, compared to 95% from January to early April. However, the vaccine was more than 90% effective at preventing severe Covid-19 in both time periods."

        Interesting article, lots of caveats.

        Huge caveats. Severe COVID-19 cases are hard to hide. Mild cases are easy to hide. As lots of other folks have pointed out, the people who aren't vaccinated are far more likely to not believe COVID is real, and won't bother to get checked out unless they're seriously sick. So when your definition of effectiveness involves comparing the number of people who test positive in vaccinated people versus unvaccinated people, rather than the positivity rate, you're going to have lots of problems with your data.

    • Against Delta, the Pfizer shot's efficacy rate for symptomatic infection is being reported as anywhere from 60% - 88% depending on who is doing the reporting.

      As mentioned before, the lowest efficacy numbers are coming from Israel, and also as mentioned before there are reasons to believe these numbers are off. Even without any deliberate malice, although I wouldn't discount that entirely. (That place seems to have an oddly oversized pharmaceutical industry, among weapons manufacturing, other things.)

      Israel

    • According to the recent Nature paper assessing the correlation between antibody levels and protection, two doses of an mRNA vaccine is already past the point of diminishing returns.

      But ...

      If the Israeli data is right and everyone else is wrong, then they're still ~90% at keeping people out of the hospital and morgue but only 39% at preventing infection. If so, that means continued spread.

      A third dose, restoring sterilizing immunity to people in whom it's faded. could conceivably slow spread.

    • A study released by Pfizer today says that their vaccine falls to 83.7% efficacy after 6 months of getting 2nd dose, and continues to decline by 6% every two months.

      Pfizer Vaccine Protection Declines After Six Months, Boosters Protect Against Delta Variant [usnews.com]

      A preprint study [medrxiv.org] published Wednesday found that the vaccine at its peak was 96.2% effective at preventing COVID-19 two months after the second dose. However, that protection "declined gradually" to 83.7% within six months.

      The study found the efficacy decre

  • by Goatbot ( 7614062 ) on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @05:50PM (#61631737)
    This wouldn't even make the peer review stage. Sample size of 23 people wtf!
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by thegarbz ( 1787294 )

      It's almost like you want to examine possibilities in a small sample size before you go out and do a full study. Nah let's just experimentally inject everyone just to please Slashdotters who have no idea how medical research is done!

      • by superdave80 ( 1226592 ) on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @06:30PM (#61631919)
        That wasn't his point. His point is that it is way, way, waaay to early and too small of a sample size to determine ANYTHING that is worth reporting to the public
        • by im_thatoneguy ( 819432 ) on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @07:29PM (#61632087)

          Initial data shows booster dose of current vaccine (>6 mo. after 2nd dose of BNT162b2) has an overall consistent tolerability profile while eliciting SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers >5-8X for wild type and 15-21X for Beta variant the range achieved after two primary doses

          This is a Phase 1 study. Making sure that there isn't a relatively severe reaction from Dose 3 to Dose 2 as there was from Dose 2 was to Dose 1.

          If Dose 1 had no reaction and Dose 2 put a lot of people on the couch for a day... will Dose 3 make you take multiple days off work or worse?

          The take-away is less that it generated 5x the antibodies and more that it's tolerable and therefore safe to begin larger trials.

        • by ShanghaiBill ( 739463 ) on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @07:42PM (#61632157)

          too small of a sample size to determine ANYTHING

          Not true. The sample size is usually not a limiting factor. If the effect is as strong as they claim, a sample size of 23 is enough to see a statistically significant result.

          Flip a coin 23 times. The chance they will all be heads is one in 8 million.

          Likewise, if 23 people saw increased antibodies compared to the control group, that is very unlikely to be by chance.

          Sample size determination [wikipedia.org]

          Of course, whether the increased antibodies lead to fewer or less severe infections is still an open question, but that isn't what this study was designed to measure.

        • 23 is enough people to publish results if it's a really strong signal, like noticing that cyanide kills people or that penicillin cures syphilis.

      • Sounds promising but 23 samples is statistical noise compared to the volume of doses delivered. I'm not against sharing data or anything like that, but pushing results to the general public when your sample size is that small is irregular at best. The entire correlation is not causation argument comes to mind.
    • How many samples are needed depends on the variability of the results. What is claimed here is just antibody generation, which has far fewer variables than a more outcome-based metric - like whether it prevented infection or spread of the current variant of the virus. Of course that more difficult determination is the one we actually want. But this seems to justify a larger trial to see if the end results are as hoped.
      • Sure look into it before mentioning it for marketing purposes. I am all for sharing work but this isn't earth shattering news either way. In other research 23 blades of grass turned brown in my lawn today, it must be ... that caused it.
    • This wouldn't even make the peer review stage. Sample size of 23 people wtf!

      Well... Sample size doesn't necessarily matter. If you put 23 people into a room and filled it with helium and they all asphyxiated, how much larger of a sample size would you want before you decided if you wanted to be in the next batch of test subjects? You know, all 23 dying could have been a fluke... :-)

    • It's not a statistical epidemiological study where sample size is a critical parameter. It was a titer measurement for 23 people. If 23/23 people had a significant increase in titer, then the conclusion of "suggests third dose boosts protection" is valid. Don't worry. Nobody will make a policy decision about administering booster shots based on this, but it suggests further study which does include statistical analysis of epidemiology is warranted.
      • I get that more research is warranted but this isn't ground breaking news, it's an expected result. Its published for sensationalist purposes IMHO.
        • Almost all statistical studies are preceded by preliminary studies that demonstrate a basis for going to the trouble of doing the statistical study. What you call sensational is generally considered to be a necessary preliminary step.
          • Doing the ground work is necessary, reporting each step of the way in an already overwhelming process is not. FWIW I have two shots of Pfizer 55 days apart it was what was available to me. I will take a 3 or 4th and pretty much any vaccine that's appropriate for me. I just fear too much mixed data is out there. We are learning at lightning speed about this virus and the messaging is difficult enough for the general public apparently to understand. Right back to the start with the USA government not bein
    • Mm, depends. I couldn't find a link to the actual data in a quick search, but imagine hypothetically that 20 of 23 people all had antibody levels go up 5-10 fold. That would be eye-catching at the very least.

      • How big an increase from one dose to two doses. Is it the same or larger than spread between dose 2 and 3. Let's not forget that the same .3ml is going into a 75lbs person as is going into a 450bs person. No mention of characteristics of these people which we know has a major impact on this virus. It is an interesting curiosity those people researching this should follow up on. Until they have something that helps keep it out of the media circus. There's enough issues with anti vaccination and covid cons
  • My understanding, which is probably simplistic, is that the mRNA vaccines work by telling the body to proteins found on the virus that the immune system can then train against. So it would seem to be a pretty straightforward process to take the corresponding proteins from the Delta variation and use those versions of the proteins instead of the ones from the original virus. Then the vaccine would be targeting the Delta variation directly. Or perhaps use that only for the second booster shot (and possibly

    • The trial phase is probably the bottleneck. The existing vaccine has been well tested in the population. It would be considered too much of a gamble to change the formula on short notice. (I'm sure they will start testing such soon, but the results are roughly a year away.)

      And because so many have a political agenda to see this all fail so they can rant "I toldja so!", caution is warranted. Unfortunately, they have to use "nut math" when making such decisions.

    • Yes that's right! There are studies still in progress to determine if boosters will be needed or not this fall. I would expect we will need some next fall if not sooner as the situation continues to evolve, we can likely roll it in with yearly flu shots.
  • "Okay, Chief - how about this? We give ninety-NINE booster shots to each Control agent..."

    • "Okay, Chief - how about this? We give ninety-NINE booster shots to each Control agent..."

      Agent 99 can give me a booster shot any time.

  • LOL slightly impressed CNN's Pfizer booster article links to a document titled "Second Quarter 2021 Earnings Teleconference".

  • ... NTTATWWT, but I'll wait for the peer review.
  • I always thought a "fold" change was the exponent change of the number. Thus, a 3 fold change would be 8 times the original number. This, I deducted, was derived from the number of layers in a folded sheet of paper after the stated number of "folds". Fold a sheet of paper three times and you end up with 8 layers of paper.

    But looks like I was wrong. It just means "times". 3-fold means 3 times the original number.

    Honestly - I liked my explanation better...

  • I had the 2 Moderna shots at the beginning of the year

    • by smap77 ( 1022907 )

      Ask Moderna? Oh, right, they are the new corporation on the block that can do it with their own rules to maximize their profits. (Except that strategy slows them down by a month or two.)

      Nevertheless, Moderna is 2-6 weeks behind Pfizer on everything, so look for the same going forward.

  • Why stop at three? What I want to know is:

    How much protection does a billion shots offer?

    Cause that's the level of protection I'm going for. I want to be protected from Covid, the common cold, and of course, creditors.

  • by RightwingNutjob ( 1302813 ) on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @07:32PM (#61632105)

    Talking up a third dose checks all the boxes:

    The press is happy because more scary clickbait.

    The control freaks in government are happy because scared people are compliant people.

    Pfizer's shareholders are happy because they get to charge $20/dose.

    Name me one parasitic entity that doesn't profit from hyping up the scary. Oh wait, I thought of one: the skeeter that just bit me. I'm pretty sure it doesn't stand to profit. But only cuz I squashed it.

  • I'm not making a judgement call on the claims, but this is likely to fuel paranoia that "big pharma" is playing games to sell more jabs. STFU!

  • Drug Exec 1: Well, the pandemic isn't as bad as it once was, time to prepare the shareholders.

    Drug Exec 2: Wait a minute, you know the 150 million people that got two shots? I'll bet you can get half of them to get a third one!

    Drug Exec 1: No, no, people aren't that ...

    Drug Exec 2: Listen, tell people that "the science says so", and label all who balk as "anti-science", then just stand back. So many people have been vaccinated that they'll trip over themselves to gain access to a whole new group to feel self-righteous over.

    Drug Exec 1: Hmmm, maybe you're right ... okay, I'm sold, now let's get going, the baby seal hunt begins at five.

    Drug Exec 2: Oh we can't miss this one, I brought Louseville Slugger, imma go Barry Bonds style on those bastards while they look up at me like "pwease don't kill me I'm just a bay bee!"

    Drug Exec 1: Beats the hell out of last year's company vacation, I thought stealing Christmas presents form orphans would be more fun.

    Drug Exec 2: Yeah, but the nun-raping trip back 2016 was the bomb yo!

    Drug Exec 1 & Drug Exec 2 in unison: Bwahahahahahahaha Bwahahahahahahahahahaha!

  • Antibodies are not the only important thing in natural or vaccine induced immunity.

    What matters more than antibodies is a T-cell response (specifically CD4+ and CD8+ cells).

    Basically, these cells are produced through a complex process of somatic hypermutation, weeding out the mutations that match "self" antigens, then selection via antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells mostly). Once you have those two type of cells, they can activate B-cells on demand to make them produce antibodies and do clonal expans

    • by labnet ( 457441 )

      Since you seem to 'know stuff'
      What do you think about the effectiveness of Ivermectin.
      https://ivmmeta.com/ [ivmmeta.com]
      Only small studies so far (no big money in Ivermectin) but the small study evidence looks encouraging.

  • Pfizer Data Suggest Third Dose of Covid-19 Vaccine 'Strongly' Boosts Protection Against Delta Variant

    Pfizer data also suggests third dose of Covid-19 vaccine will 'strongly' boost sales and profit too.

  • by colonslash ( 544210 ) on Wednesday July 28, 2021 @08:11PM (#61632277)

    ... but the 18th will be wonderful.

  • Why is it always Pfizer, Pfizer, Pfizer, Pfizer, Pfizer? Did momma like Pfizer better?

    Why is there no news for Moderna, J&J, Astrasomething, and others?

    Thanks.

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