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Biotech United Kingdom

Controversial Trial of Genetically Modified Wheat Ends In Disappointment 188

sciencehabit writes: A controversial GM wheat trial has failed after more than £2 million of public money was spent protecting it from GM opponents. Researchers had hoped that the wheat modified to produce a warning pheromone would keep aphids away and attract their natural enemies, reducing the need for insecticides. Despite showing promise in the laboratory, the field trial failed to show any effect. “If you make a transgenic plant that produces that alarm continuously, it’s not going to work,” ecologist Marcel Dicke of Wageningen University in the Netherlands says. “You have a plant crying wolf all the time, and the bugs won’t listen to it any longer.”
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Controversial Trial of Genetically Modified Wheat Ends In Disappointment

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  • by pubwvj ( 1045960 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @07:36AM (#49993579)

    Proponents of GMOs tend to focus on the opposition to GMOs based on perceived health risks but there are many other reasons that GMOs are problematic. A huge issue is that patents are being granted on life, on genes. The patent applicants did not invent these genes. Rather they stole them and now want to patent them so they can control the use and make money. All GMO work should be open source and open license. This doesn't solve the many other problems but it chips away at the problems. Of course, the GMO proponents will oppose this.

    • by Anonymous Coward on Friday June 26, 2015 @07:49AM (#49993631)

      I'm somewhat a proponent of GMOs, being a Molecular Biologist I suppose helps, but I don't oppose what you say.

      You are right that granting patents to genes is stupid - the researchers didn't invent the genes at all as they exist in nature, much like gravity exists and cannot be patented.

      Rather, the novel application of a gene should be allowed to be patented, not the gene itself (and by extension all applications regardless of any innovation). Simply making everything open source and license won't solve anything, it only creates problems with RnD recovery. The real issue is that the basic discovery of a gene can be patented even if no novel use is applied, which is actually quite trivial these days (i've just done this myself, and it wasn't that hard to "discover").

      • "it only creates problems with RnD recovery"

        Could you clarify what you meant by this?
        • Someone needs to invest the money necessary in order to prove that a GMO actually works or does what is claimed and then additional testing is done to ensure that it's safe for human consumption or that there aren't unintended side effects. If as soon as any company could prove a particular GMO safe and fit for use, another could simply start producing it as well without having to spend the initial investment, it makes companies more averse to doing the research.

          Put frankly, you might spend $10,000 if yo
          • by Stuarticus ( 1205322 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @10:15AM (#49994593)
            Some of the greatest research ever done was done in Universities with grant money with no thought of any commercial applications. The problem with current research is the assumption that it must produce a monetary reward. Obviously commercialisation and testing is a different issue, that is where capital becomes relevant. Knowledge should be it's own reward.
            • by Zalbik ( 308903 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @11:17AM (#49995071)

              Some of the greatest research ever done was done in Universities with grant money with no thought of any commercial applications.

              Yes, but most of it wasn't.

              Obviously commercialisation and testing is a different issue, that is where capital becomes relevant.

              Commercialization and testing are almost entirely irrelevant compared to the capital required to research and develop new technologies...particularly in biology/medicine.

              As with most things, this shouldn't be a black or white "patents are good" or "patents are evil". The question is how long should patent protection last and when should patent protection start. Some people think forever, others think zero years. The answer is most likely somewhere between those two :-).

              I will agree that with the rate of technological change today, the current 20 year protection is ridiculous. Technologies are typically woefully outdated by the time patents expire. IMHO patents should last significantly less time than currently (say 5 years or so), and should require that the product be commercially produced within some reasonable amount of time after applying for the patent.

              Knowledge should be it's own reward.

              Unfortunately, you can't eat, drink, live in or wear knowledge. At some point monetary compensation is required. The question is how much and how is this compensation provided.

              • Aren't we discussing GM foods- isn't that almost literally eating knowledge? I highly dispute your "most of it wasn't" as well. The whole "must make money" thing is a fairly recent and broadly unwelcome addition to science. The recent situation with drugs companies arguing it's not worth their while trying to cure diseases while investigating anything that can be sold to rich old white men is one of the more insidious results.
              • "I will agree that with the rate of technological change today, the current 20 year protection is ridiculous. Technologies are typically woefully outdated by the time patents expire. IMHO patents should last significantly less time than currently (say 5 years or so),"

                A farmaceutical product can well take much longer than that between the time the compound was discovered and the time it has passed all clinical trials and gets approval.from the authorities.

                I work in the high-tech industry, where it can easily

              • Having the patent outlive the usefullness of the material makes no sense- just like having a copyright that outlives the desirability of the music makes no sense. As for silly patent rules that let profiteers patent anything they discover- those who want the patent system reworked don't have the time and money to fix the problems, while those who do have the time and money are benefiting from the problems.
            • University research is not usually the same thing as commercial research. At a university, research is conducted by faculty in concert with postdocs and grad students, and the postdocs and grad students (if not tenured faculty) are in desperate need of publications. In this case, a university research project might find that splicing a certain gene into a certain plant gives a certain effect, and that's publishable. That's very useful, but hardly sufficient. In particular, it doesn't show that the modi

          • by jedidiah ( 1196 )

            Who cares if it can make money or not. That is simply not the correct metric to judge whether or not a certain type of patent (or other thing) should be allowed. We should not suddenly re-align all of our interests merely to pander to the desires of a few large megacorporations.

            Our society is simply not driven by the need for Monsanto to make a buck.

            • While I will respect what you are saying. I believe you are speaking outside the scope of the thread.
              the metric in question is : if I spend money doing R&D, and make a discovery, can I protect it and have a return on my investment.

              In reference to what you are speaking : patent judgement is to secure the idea, nothing about the revenue model is discusses. While I can not cite the old source, I believe many ideas in the early 1820's to 1860's that were patented, expired to public domain, only to become us

              • Your thinking of steam locomotives. The competing patent holders wouldn't cross license. Only after their patents expired could third parties combine the patented parts and make useful trains.
            • Whether or not it makes money has nothing to do with patents, but everything to do with whether or not a company or individual is likely to engage in such an endeavor at all.

              For example, let's assume that a system in which patents last 100 years exists. Even in such a system where a company can reap the profits of their research for generations, that company would be unlikely to devote resources towards finding a cure for a condition that affects a few dozen people.

              Patents, copyrights, and the notion
        • by rthille ( 8526 )

          He/she means that companies won't invest in the Research & Development when they can't patent the result to help ensure they can make back their investment (and more).

      • by Anonymous Coward on Friday June 26, 2015 @08:41AM (#49993871)

        You are wrong on the law. Isolating or identifying genes is not patentable, at least after Myriad: http://www2.bloomberglaw.com/public/desktop/document/Assn_for_Molecular_Pathology_v_Myriad_Genetics_Inc_No_12398_2013_

        Even if you isolate a gene and use that gene to splice into another creature/plant, it's obvious to a person of skill in the art once isolated that splicing this gene will lead to expression of certain effects. To that extent it is not patentable.

        Now, you might argue that the wheat failed in the above instance, so it involves experimentation. Yes the wheat failed, but not because of gene expression, but because of how the natural predators found out they were being gamed. Had nothing to do with producing the pheromones, which worked as anticipated. So, not patentable anyways.

        The only trouble is proponents of GMO's have too much money and will continue to peddle, oh only isolation is not patentable, we can work around that using patent language. Look at Alice from the supreme court, where they decry the use work around language to get around judgements.

        I am sorry, I have no love lost for GMO's and the companies that peddle them. They are evil as they get. They sue farmers. They even allege, if its 90% GMO crop, they own the entire bunch. You only have to look at monoculture issues like cavendish bananas to see that we could have human mass extinction, because of GMO crops and monoculture.

        If you get a 20 year patent on GMO's. Unlicensed folks cannot use these plants to create other plant varieties, i.e., selective breeding. So, you are encouraging monoculture. If there is a natural predator which takes a liking to a GMO, all of the crop across the world will be wiped out in a matter of years. So, we will at best lose that one crop. Imagine if that happens to corn or wheat? 90% of the products on our supermarket shelf will disappear.

        Patents on GMO's are horrible. Plant variety protection act thought of these difficulties and issues and balanced the rights of framers and the dangers of monoculture. But Monsanto had enough money to pull of the Bowman v. Monsanto win. None of these monoculture issues were highlighted in the case. Sad really.

        Just so we are clear. I don't have a problem with GMO's. I have a problem with patents on GMOs and monoculture because of patent rights for 20 years. Let me give you a hint. A GMO crop won't change all that much for 20 years, and is sold as standardized seed. But the natural pathogens evolve at a frightening pace for those 20 years. It's a problem waiting to happen. PVP on the other hand gives crops a fighting chance, when farmers breed them.

    • by CrimsonAvenger ( 580665 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @07:53AM (#49993643)

      Of course, the GMO proponents will oppose this.

      Of course they will. Because if it costs money to develop GMOs, then there had better be a return on investment. Or noone will bother.

      And since GMOs, like any new drug, includes a lot of trial & error (mostly error), your successful new GMO (or drug) has to carry the costs of all your unsuccessful ones. So you have to be able to make a lot of money on any success, or noone will bother.

      Note that the cost of developing this failed GMO will have to be paid, down the line, by higher costs on other products produced by the same people.

      • by pubwvj ( 1045960 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @08:56AM (#49993979)

        People have done research before without all the greed that is surrounding GMOs. I do research. I release my results open source. No need for the likes of Monsanto to control the world. They're too greedy. Denying them patents would help.

        • I do research.

          Do you do it gratis or does someone pay you to do it?

        • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

          I do research too. Part of my research is paid for by public grants, part is paid for by companies who want me to test their (patented) products. I much prefer the public grant model, and I think research in important industries like health and agriculture should be mostly done publicly. But that's not the case now, and it's only heading towards less public funding. The cost for that is patents and proprietary techniques. You can't have it both ways.

        • It is nice to hear that you do research for free and accept no payment for your work.

        • No need for the likes of Monsanto to control the world.

          So much lol here. I can't believe you people actually believe shit like this.

      • by sjames ( 1099 )

        Part of the problem with GMOs is that the potential damages exceed the ability of any company to actually pay fair compensation.

        • I like how the anti-GMO crowd comes out and speaks about potential damages, but then ignores the real damages (and deaths) caused by organic food:

          http://www.cgfi.org/2002/06/th... [cgfi.org]
          http://www.realclearscience.co... [realclearscience.com]
          http://www.americanthinker.com... [americanthinker.com]
          http://www.science20.com/chall... [science20.com]
          http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~a... [wustl.edu]

          We've already had countless cases of people dying and getting sick from organic, and not a single case of anybody dying or getting sick from GMO, in spite of GMO already being consumed in bigger number

          • by sjames ( 1099 )

            And I just love how others make wildly inaccurate assumptions about my views on agriculture in general based solely on my misgivings about one technique.

            • And I just love how others make wildly inaccurate assumptions about my views on agriculture in general based solely on my ignorant misgivings about one technique.

              FTFY.

            • And I just love how others make wildly inaccurate assumptions about my views on agriculture in general based solely on my misgivings about one technique.

              So knowing that organic food does cause actual harm and plenty of evidence to back it up, with zero evidence that GMO food causes any actual harm, what prompted you to throw out a warning call for the potential damages of GMO food, as opposed to making a warning call about organic food?

              Let's hear it.

              • by sjames ( 1099 )

                Because the topic here is GMOs. For a similar reason, I also didn't offer any opinions on favorite microcontroller, paper vs. plastic, gasahol, or nuclear vs. solar.

                • That only explains why you didn't throw out a warning call for organic food. Why did you throw out a warning call for GMO food?

                  • by sjames ( 1099 )

                    Perhaps you should just go and read my post again. At that point you'll either answer your own question or prove you're not worth my time.

                    The chicken crossed the road to get to the other side. A zebra with a sunburn is black and white and read all over. Any other silly questions you'd like to get out of your system?

              • Look, I agree with you on GMO food, but the answer to your question is blindingly obvious.

                We are on a website that literally prompts people to discuss subjects. The subject this time is GMO food.

                What I'm more curious about is what prompted you to talk about organic foods. At time of writing, you are the only result in ctrl+f for organic on this page.

                • If I had to guess, I would say it's because the entire anti-GMO movement is at the behest of the organic industry in an attempt to spread as much FUD and misinformation about GMO crops as their main competition in an attempt to justify the higher prices and antiquated farming methods of organic crops. Whether people realize it or not, this is where the anti-GMO movement comes from.
        • Is there any large industry in which this isn't true? If all Fords suddenly go berserk, accelerate as much as they can, and steer randomly while ignoring the brake pedal, Ford isn't going to be able to cover the loss.

          • by sjames ( 1099 )

            Sounds like the problem Toyota had, and they're still here. Automobiles and such aren't quite as susceptible to that scale of disaster as living organisms that can reproduce by themselves. And can cross-breed. Imagine Ford puts out a car with defective brakes and the trait starts showing up in all similar cars by other manufacturers based on which way the wind blows. Further, the trait shows up in other countries where the original defective model isn't even sold. To top it off, countries that haven't seen

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward

      This article, and others, make me think what is long term benefit from genetic manipulation of plants, because often it seems to be arms race with nature where GMO tends to lose.

      • ...because often it seems to be arms race with nature where farming tends to lose.

        This is a more accurate assessment. Direct genetic engineering is simply the latest and most effective method of breeding.

    • by bws111 ( 1216812 )

      In other words, preventing someone from making a profit is more important than having a cheap and plentiful food supply.

      • by jedidiah ( 1196 )

        We already have a cheap and plentiful food supply.

        if you think otherwise then you are highly uniformed MORON.

        We have been letting food ROT in this country in order to prop up commodity prices since before you were even born. That's just the stuff that actually gets harvested. Some of it doesn't even make it out of the fields because it doesn't meet stringent packaging guidelines.

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      by NotDrWho ( 3543773 )

      You right, better to go back to using non-GMO plants--and getting much lower yields, needing much stronger pesticides, and letting half the world starve.

      Problem SOLVED!

    • This is the "GMOs are evil because Monsanto" argument. So why do the flat-earthers attack GMO test plots that ARE open source, like that golden rice in the Philippines? Your argument is against legal bullying by corporate extension of patent, not anything to do with genetic engineering.

      • by ChromeAeonium ( 1026952 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @09:39AM (#49994287)

        Yep. People oppose the various big company made ones, claiming they don't like big companies. But then they'll also oppose things like the Arctic Apple (developed by a small company), the Rainbow papaya (developed by the University of Hawai'i), Golden Rice (developed by non-profit International Rice Research Institute), and Honeysweet plum (developed by the USDA), among plenty of other examples. Many will oppose university, NGO, and government developed GE crops, then say it's just about Monsanto...not buying that. Even this wheat in question was publicly funded and developed by Rothamsted Research,and what happened? This group called Take the Flour Back wanted to destroy it, which is better than what happened to CSIRO's publicly funded GE wheat research in Australia, where some book burners from Greenpeace successfully did destroy the research. All that aside, there are plenty of patented non-GE plants which vary rarely encounter controversy. The only consistent thing that gets controversy it genetic engineering, not public or private, patented or not. This controversy is not about patents, or quite bluntly any of the other common excuses for opposition to genetic engineering for that matter.

    • If you don't like patented plants, no one is forcing you to use them. Problem solved. You use the things that were not built on patent royalties, let others pay extra for the things that were, and in 20 years, they're both the same [biofortified.org] anyway when the patent expires. Isn't that how the patent system is supposed to work, you develop something, recoup your costs (and heaven forbid make a profit), hopefully reinvest into new innovation, then eventually the thing falls to the public? What's wrong with that syst

      • by Ol Olsoc ( 1175323 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @10:02AM (#49994501)

        If you don't like patented plants, no one is forcing you to use them. Problem solved.

        You have some research to do in biology. GMO genes do have a bit of a tendency to spread out. Nature and all.Eventually it will be a bit difficult to avoid the altered genes.

        http://www.gmocompass.org/eng/... [gmocompass.org]

        Then comes the question of who owns the now altered plant.

        I'm pro GMO by the way, just wanted to make a little correction.

        The Monsanto donnybrook muddies the waters of GMO, because their particular version is not per se to increase yields, but to have plants that resist Roundup get big doses of Roundup to kill other plants. That's arguably an irresponsible use of GMO. Certainly it makes Roundup a short lived herbicide, as plants develop resistance to it. And they will.

        But plants with increased nutrition, resistance to diseases, with more energy put into seed or fruit production than stalks or other inedible parts simply makes sense.

        We also have to encourage "heirloom" crop growing in order to have as much genetic stock as possible. Everyone can win at this game. As long as they aren't asshats about it.

        • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

          It's pretty clear that you can't just shake some of your patented magic dust on my stuff and then claim it as your own. Monsanto got a lot of press for bullying farmers, but to my knowledge no case against someone accidentally growing a GMO has ever gone to court. In the Schmeiser case in Canada, Monsanto dropped all the claims regarding accidental contamination, probably because the court would have found against them.

        • I grow heirloom tomatoes on my balcony. when I buy a house, I plan to grow a lot more and try to cross different heirloom to get more amazing flavors.

        • Eventually it will be a bit difficult to avoid the altered genes.

          Well, kind of. All genes do that in an outcrossing species (a crop that pollinates others readily, like corn or squash). In a natural population, selection pressure will influence the spread of the gene throughout the population, however, crops are not a natural population. For example, I have seed of blue, red, white, and yellow corn, and seed of all sorts of heirloom squash (orange and lumpy, bright red and smooth, pale and long). How is it possible that each of those still manages to exist, if genes

          • That is a misconception. They do not have to withstand 'big doses' of the herbicide; do you honestly think that farmers are spending extra money on seed so they can spend extra money on herbicide?

            They are no tilling, and spraying herbicide to kill the weeds among the roundup ready corn, which is generally tolerant.

            But aside from jumping on my use of the "big doses" perhaps you can proofread this page and let me know what is incorrect.

            http://www.gardenguides.com/12... [gardenguides.com]

            But to your question of what they can do......

            One of the interesting methods of killing weeds among crops is being developed by the USDA, and it sounds crazy, but works.

            Oragnic farmers have a real problem with weed control, a

        • ...because their particular version is not per se to increase yields, but to have plants that resist Roundup get big doses of Roundup to kill other plants.

          When your field is full of non-crop plants/weeds, all competing for the same resources and nutrients in your soils as your crops, your crop yield will necessarily be lower. By preventing weeds, you are increasing your yield by definition.

      • by PRMan ( 959735 )
        You mean I can avoid patented plants just by reading the labels in my local supermarket? No wait, I can't, because they paid to have that voted down.
        • No, GE crop labeling has failed, and rightfully so. Labels on patented crops were never an issue. Many non-GE crops are also patented. If you don't like them, don't grow them. If you want no interaction of any sort with anything patented, well, good luck with that. Even the non-GMO organic grown with patented stuff from John Deere.

    • The patent applicants did not invent these genes. Rather they stole them and now want to patent them so they can control the use and make money.

      At least in the USA, you're not allowed to 'patent' existing genes. What you're allowed to patent is the methodology used to detect them, insert them into a different genome, etc...

      Take gene X. Well, specifically a mutation of it that causes cancer. Companies can't patent gene X, it's naturally occurring. But they can patent a test that detects it, as well as the process used to insert the gene into a lab mouse strain for further testing.

    • Obviously, your argument totally ignores the fact that conventional and even organic crops can be patented and protected as well. So your entire argument is invalid as it regards to being a GMO problem.
  • by Mostly a lurker ( 634878 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @07:44AM (#49993609)
    It is easy to explain why an experiment failed after the event, but that does not mean the result was obvious. This is a case in point. Had the experiment succeeded, cheaper, safer food with reduced environmental impact would have been possible. Sadly, it failed. Now, we need to look at other approaches.
  • Terrible summary (Score:3, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Friday June 26, 2015 @08:06AM (#49993673)

    I would have expected better from Slashdot than to say the experiment had failed. It might not have produced the result the experimenters had hoped for, but it has produced a result (the GM crop does not significantly deter aphids) and has therefore been a successful experiment. In addition, it appears to have given them other ideas (try to make a crop that only sporadically gives off the pheromone) which will progress this area of science.

    • You don't even need to RTFS, you just need to read the title. It doesn't say the experiment failed; it said it ended in disappointment -- as in, they were disappointed that they can't reduce pesticide use by producing the pheromone. Yes, the experiment successfully answered their question, but as you yourself said, it was not the answer they had hoped for.

      Terrible criticism of the summary. I would have expected better from AC than to say the summary was terrible.

    • The summary and title clearly call it a trial, not an experiment.
    • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

      The summary says the trial failed. A trial is a particular kind of experiment that's more like an engineering test than it is a basic research experiment. In trials you're testing something that you very much want to succeed.

  • It's QUADROTRITICALE!!!

  • Life finds a way (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Cazakatari ( 1403081 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @08:19AM (#49993733)

    I would agree with the "cry wolf" assessment. Having worked in pest control in my experience pheromones don't work well and/or very long; about the only good use I've found is for monitoring. I once talked to a Chemistry professor working with an Entomologist to synthesize fire ant trail pheromones (how they make paths to food) to see if it could be used to confuse workers. He told me it worked for all of a few minutes before they "figured it out" and started trailing through it like nothing happened. Smell is the primary sense for most insects and can be extremely acute (some moths can sense a few MOLECULES per square foot), so I think it will be relatively difficult to find a way to trick them in that way.

    I'm glad they're trying new things, we're ganna need it along with intelligent usage so we don't end up needlessly wasting away their effective life-spans like we've done with previous pesticides and anti-biotics. Shelf what doesn't work but continue encouraging innovation (which I think the current gene patent situation is probably stifling)

    • by bws111 ( 1216812 )

      Here is my question about the 'cry wolf' thing. In the story, the moral was not that people started ignoring the kid, it is that they ignored him even when there was a real threat. So why doesn't that happen here? Doesn't the cry wolf effect make the predators of the aphids that much more effective? Or is the problem that the predators are also a problem for the crops?

      • Re:Life finds a way (Score:5, Informative)

        by ShanghaiBill ( 739463 ) on Friday June 26, 2015 @09:06AM (#49994033)

        Doesn't the cry wolf effect make the predators of the aphids that much more effective?

        No. The pheromone is normally emitted by the wheat when it is under attack by aphids, thus attracting predators. But the GMO wheat emits the pheromone all the time, so the predators show up, and ... no lunch. So this would make them less effective. The goal was not to make the predators more effective, but to scare away the aphids, which are normally not attracted to wheat that is already emitting the pheromone.

      • by TheCarp ( 96830 )

        The moral of the story was that by crying wolf, the boy made him crying wolf the equivalent of him NOT crying wolf ever.

        It is tempting, and even mostly correct, to think of bugs as little biological robots, but, they are robots that have very complex programs which have dealt with all manner of danger and trick in the past and survived. It shouldn't be surprising that they have coping mechanisms to detect bogus signals and adjust.

        Just like the townsfolk recognized a bogus signal and adjusted. That adjustmen

        • and here i thought the moral of the story was your workers are unreliable if they are overworked at monotonous jobs. The townspeople should have hired some more wolf watchers and provided some perks like a game room and espresso machine in the break room.
  • Look around (Score:5, Funny)

    by nospam007 ( 722110 ) * on Friday June 26, 2015 @08:33AM (#49993815)

    "ecologist Marcel Dicke of Wageningen University in the Netherlands says. “You have a plant crying wolf all the time, and the bugs won’t listen to it any longer.”

    It's the Netherlands goddamit, use the appropriate 'the dike leaks' metaphor instead of the wolf.

    • Monsanto would have spent the money and had it blocked from market because it does not use any pesticides. (remember their successful round up ready approach lets them charge for GM seeds AND for the pesticides for the genetic disease they unleashed. Oh yes, it's a genetic disease, they didn't make the plant sterile for the same reason they someday will likely create pathogens where only they have the cure. )

  • The story does not indict GMO technology in any way. It just states that a given modification didn't work as intended.

    To see what I mean, imagine this headline:

    "Use of Hybridization to Cross Labrador and Poodle Results in Dog With Incredibly Ridiculous Name"

    • by plopez ( 54068 )

      " It just states that a given modification didn't work as intended."

      There's the rub. We are introducing combinations, some times cutting across kingdoms, never before seen into the gene pool. People are concern about the law of unintended consequences which can kick in with a vengeance when exotics are introduced into the Environment.

      • Uhhh...no. All they did was introduce into wheat a gene from peppermint. What kingdoms there must be in your own mind to imagine any danger from that.

  • If they contain frog DNA for example? Is it vegan? I don't think this question has ever been addressed.

    • You have no idea how incredibly little I care about those questions. People who want to live their lives by picky arbitrary rules can define their own. If they're our friends, they can let us know what the rules are, and we'll try to accommodate them (because they're our friends, and because we're used to friends and relatives who have medical issues with certain foods). If they aren't our friends, then I really don't care what their rules are.

  • The twist is, if they waited just a little longer, all those aphids conditioned to ignore the warning pheromone die off. They no longer protect themselves from the actual dangers! oh yeah. spoiler alert!

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