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Medicine

Researchers Discover an "Off Switch" For Pain In the Brain 83

concertina226 writes Scientists working together from several international universities have discovered that it is possible to block a pathway in the brain of animals suffering from neuropathic pain, which could have a huge impact on improving pain relief in humans. So far, the most successful ways to treat chronic pain from a pharmacological point of view are to create drugs that that interact or interfere with various channels in the brain to decrease pain, including adrenergic, opioid and calcium receptors. However, there is another way – a chemical stimulator called adenosine that binds to brain receptors to trigger a biological response. Adenosine has shown potential for killing pain in humans, but so far, no one has managed to harness this pain pathway successfully without causing a myriad of side effects. Led by Dr Daniela Salvemini of SLU, the researchers discovered that by activating the A3 adenosine receptor in the rodents' brains and spinal cords, the receptor was able to prevent or reverse pain from nerve damage (the cause of chronic pain).
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Researchers Discover an "Off Switch" For Pain In the Brain

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  • All or nothing (Score:5, Insightful)

    by TWX ( 665546 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @01:39AM (#48477339)
    I'm curious if this'll be an all-or-nothing thing, or if there are degrees of gradation. Pain itself serves good in that it prevents one from doing things that cause it, so we don't injure ourselves.

    Also makes me wonder if pain caused by emotion or stress would be affected, and to what degree. It's been said that emotional pain is a physical response, the body literally making itself ill or hurt, so I wonder.
    • Weren't adenosine receptors blocked by caffeine?
      • by Anonymous Coward

        All coffee does is make me take a really nasty shit about an hour later.

        • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

          by Anonymous Coward

          As long as it's not a painful shit, the coffee is working.

        • Comment removed based on user account deletion
          • Add a strong source of nicotine and you'll be going even sooner. Try a strong snus like Thunder or Oden's.

            Your body is trying to tell you something.

    • Re:All or nothing (Score:5, Insightful)

      by ColdWetDog ( 752185 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @01:49AM (#48477365) Homepage

      Doubtful it will be a 'switch' like one thinks about in electronics or logic. It is a complex pathway so there will be plenty of other regulatory and counter regulatory effects. Of interest, is that there are a number of drugs already in trials that work on similar pathways, so it's a bit doubtful that these researchers have found a magic bullet type of thing.

      And even if they can shut it off completely in animal studies, it is a long road to developing a useful clinical treatment.

      Don't short opium growers just yet.

    • by bondsbw ( 888959 )

      I'm not even going to pretend I RTFA, but I did notice this in the abstract:

      Critically, engaging the A3AR mechanism did not alter nociceptive thresholds in non-neuropathy animals and therefore produced selective alleviation of persistent neuropathic pain states.

      I'm not sure what it means by selective, whether it is something that can be applied temporarily, or if it can selectively target locations of pain.

      • Re:All or nothing (Score:5, Informative)

        by El Puerco Loco ( 31491 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @05:51AM (#48477887)

        It means what it says it means, that it selectively alleviates neuropathic pain, not all causes of pain. Neuropathic pain originates form damaged nerves, is usually experienced as persistent burning, tingling, pins and needles sensation and doesn't respond well to opiates or nsaids.

        • Re:All or nothing (Score:5, Interesting)

          by Neil Boekend ( 1854906 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @09:27AM (#48478535)

          And, very importantly, is now untreatable. "Sorry, just suck it up" isn't something a doctor likes to say to someone in real pain. It's not always "tingling" or pins and needles.

          That it is selective is a great pro. You don't want someone with strong phantom pain in their severed hand to loose the other hand due to an infection that wasn't noticed because the painkillers stopped the important signal with the phantom one.
          Missing one hand is already problem. Missing two is an unimaginable problem (at least, I can't imagine it).

    • That could be a very scary thing, snap your leg in 2 or put your hand on a burner and not know it....
    • Re:All or nothing (Score:4, Interesting)

      by myid ( 3783581 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @02:18AM (#48477431)

      I'm curious if this'll be an all-or-nothing thing, or if there are degrees of gradation. Pain itself serves good in that it prevents one from doing things that cause it, so we don't injure ourselves.

      The article at http://brain.oxfordjournals.or... [oxfordjournals.org] has a short section titled "MRS5698 does not alter normal nociception". That section says, "MRS5698 tested at the highest effective dose had no effect in tests that measure the acute thermal nociceptive component of physiological pain: tail flick and hot-plate (Fig. 2H and I)."

      Wikipedia [wikipedia.org] says,

      Nociception (also nocioception or nociperception) is the encoding and processing of harmful stimuli in the nervous system,[1] and, therefore, the ability of a body to sense potential harm.

      Any doctors here - does that mean pain from danger still is felt, just not chronic pain from damaged nerves?

      • Re:All or nothing (Score:4, Insightful)

        by labnet ( 457441 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @08:13AM (#48478299)

        I'd be interested to see if this has an impact on tinnitus, which for most people who suffer it, is like audio neuropathic pain.

        • Comment removed based on user account deletion
        • Unfortunately I doubt this will stop tinnitus in all people (maybe some, but not all). From my own experiences I've come to think tinnitus sounds like blood flowing in my head that at times I can (unwillingly) focus on very badly (especially when its quiet, making the tinnitus sound extremely loud in my head). Some frequencies appear to be almost resonant, to the point of ringing where they dominate the other frequencies in the sound I'm hearing. I've also noticed when my blood pressure changes, I can hear
    • It might not work in young children (see also 'congenital insensitivity to pain' and the unpleasant self-inflicted/accidental injuries that children with it wrack up); but as a now more or less mentally competent adult I'd really be in favor of replacing pain with something more informative and less painful. Maybe SNMP.
    • by bongey ( 974911 )

      Chronic pain is much different than regular pain, there is nothing good that comes from chronic pain.Chronic pain is currently ruining my life. It really is almost impossible to do anything and enjoy life while the entire time your back is saying "You want to go for walk today with your wife, fuck you. You want to walk down some stairs hahaha fuck you again"

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • Still awesome.
  • by Anonymous Coward

    As someone who suffers from multiple radicuopathies ( bad spelling, but root nerve inpinchment) this would be great news. Too bad it will be another 10 years before it is available even if it does work. And another 5 years before it is yanked from the market for causing some fatal illness.

    As for the three types methods to treat pain, it's a bit of stretch. Opiates are really the only direct method that works well, Sure, the usage of anti-depressants might work but I find that my mind is a total sieve and

  • Wow, the introduction already goes into the money aspect. They write, "Chronic pain is an enormous unmet medical need with a multi-billion dollar impact on society"

    • by jd ( 1658 )

      Enough about Microsoft! What about those suffering physical pain?

    • by rtb61 ( 674572 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @05:10AM (#48477779) Homepage

      There is if course nothing more profitable that treating the symptoms rather than curing the affliction, yet they always cry the loudest when they succeed at treating the symptoms without curing the affliction, bless their greedy little hearts. Personally I would like to hear more about stem cell therapy to repair damaged nerves.

      • by RingDev ( 879105 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @10:58AM (#48478961) Homepage Journal

        Here's the thing, there are some forms of nerve damage that we currently don't have a cure for, there are far more that we don't even understand well enough to have an idea for a cure, and there are some that are so poorly understood, even significant swaths of the medical community doubt that they are real and accuse patients of being drug seekers.

        For example: Fibromyalgia. It isn't a disease in it's own right, it is a classification of a set of symptoms that have not been able to be attached to a source. There are lots of theories and progress is being made in the field. But when the causes could be genetic, dietary, environmental, psychological, or even sleep related, any step forward could be helpful for some subset of FM sufferers, but leave the rest without aid.

        If this approach can be made to work, it would mean that virtually all of the FM sufferers in the world could lead a normal life, while at the same time research continues on the underlying causes of their conditions.

        When you wake up every day and have to see your spouse, your child, or your friends in agony because for no meaningful reason their brain decides that they should feel like every joint is coated with sandpaper, that every muscle is strained and torn, that every tendon is inflamed, then any option, even one that profits some greedy ass in a suit, becomes a miracle.

        -Rick

        • by rtb61 ( 674572 )

          Pretty insensitive aren't you, I thought you would have guessed why I had a preference for cure over symptoms. By the way I found the best way to handle pain, was to put up with it during the day and only take pain relief in the evening. This allows natural pain relievers to continue to be produced and helps to prevent tolerance to analgesics developing. So an uncomfortable day but maximum relief at say tea time and before going to sleep, especially when the analgesics combine with natural pain relievers w

    • It isn't only about what the pharmaceutical companies stand to gain by selling it. There is major loss of productivity from the folks who suffer from pain like this. Lost work hours, opiates that barely work on the pain but are addictive and damaging, wrecked families due to pain and depression... there's a multi-billion dollar impact alright, and a high personal cost as well.
  • by Freshly Exhumed ( 105597 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @03:16AM (#48477517) Homepage

    Vulcan Science Academy has been studying this going back to the time of Surak.

  • by Thanshin ( 1188877 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @03:33AM (#48477557)

    This is one of the big frontiers of humanity.

    There is little a person won't do to stop pain. A simple way to stop it with no consequences for the person nor society would solve a huge lot of other problems.

  • There's part of brain to feel fear of anything. switch that part off too, and you make humans dangerous species.
  • by Foske ( 144771 ) on Friday November 28, 2014 @08:13AM (#48478297)

    I am the last to say chronic pains are not real, but I do know that chronic pains are most of the time a symptom of something else, and way too many people are diagnosed with chronic pains. Doctors say they can't treat something and you have to live with it, though many times that is simply wrong. My wife was diagnosed with 'chronic pain' by 6 independent doctors. Number 7 said she should stop drinking milk. Pain is almost completely gone. I myself have been walking around with Irritable Bowel Syndrome for years. Stopped eating Gluten and the Syndrome is gone.

    We have way too many "diseases" which are nothing but a name for clueless doctors and a failing medical system. My basic rule is: If you broke something: Go see a doctor. If you have something that's a bit more vague: See someone who understands how the human body works. And yes, I now refer to for example good acupuncture, chiropractic or homeopathic doctors. Unfortunately you also have a lot of crap there.

  • by Anonymous Coward

    Have only been meditating for a year now and amazed at the ability to accept that pain is all in the mind. Two simple questions I mentally ask myself when encountering pain immediately reduce the severity. "What shape is this pain?" and "What colour is this pain?". Studies have proven that experienced meditators have the highest pain threshold ever recorded, it's a shame my western education made me discount the power of meditation and promoted the use of medication. I'm not completely against medicatio

    • Meditation leads to relaxation which results in less perceived pain. Try meditating while under a stressful timetable and focusing on the job at hand so the work is completed ASAP while the next job awaits, all while arthritis is causing your joints to beg for a massage that isn't coming. This is why we take analgesics. Meditating isn't often practical when pain relief is needed the most.
  • Coffeine blocks adenosine receptors, and in turn their numbers multiply, reaching an equilibrium after just 2 weeks of regular coffeine intake. Stop taking coffeine, and you're going to feel pain (mostly headaches and rheumatic pain) 18 to 22 hours after your last dosage. Not to mention being sleepy, depressed and so on. The adenosine builds up as usual in your body after you wake up as a by product of normal neuronal activity, but it just keeps on binding to all those extra receptors. Ouch!

    Depending on
    • by Anonymous Coward

      There's a similar mechanism behind how opiate addiction works, and that's why withdrawal from that is one of the worst things ever.

      I guess it'd be more useful, if possible, to find a way to block the brain from making more receptors and from manufacturing antagonists for those receptors so one can keep getting the same effect from the agonist. (A cure for tolerance and for chemical dependence? They'd never fund it. They're more concerned with 'blocking pleasurable effects'.)

      Captcha: sinister

  • I figured out how to disable beta months ago.

  • "Someday, they'll be a Cure For Pain.
    That's the day I throw my drugs away." RIP, Mark Sandman
  • Don't you see? We don't actually WANT a replacement for marijuana. Why can't you just let us smoke our weed in peace?

    Full disclosure:I don't smoke or take drugs, but I think cigarettes are WAAAAAAAYYYY more dangerous than weed, considering the normal usage patterns.

Stellar rays prove fibbing never pays. Embezzlement is another matter.

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