Slashdot is powered by your submissions, so send in your scoop

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
Science News

James Hansen on the Warmest Year Brouhaha 743

Jamie writes "In response to earlier reports, Dr. James Hansen, top climate scientist with NASA, has issued a statement on the recent global warming data correction. He points out 'the effect on global temperature was of order one-thousandth of a degree, so the corrected and uncorrected curves are indistinguishable.' In a second email he shows maps of U.S. temperatures relative to the world in 1934 and 1998, explains why the error occurred (it was not, as reported, a 'Y2K bug') and, in response to errors by 'Fox, Washington Times, and their like,' attacks the 'deceit' of those who 'are not stupid [but] seek to create a brouhaha and muddy the waters in the climate change story.'"
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

James Hansen on the Warmest Year Brouhaha

Comments Filter:
  • Goalposts. (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Friday August 17, 2007 @09:00AM (#20259695)
    "In a second email he shows maps of U.S. temperatures relative to the world in 1934 and 1998, explains why the error occurred"

    Since pollution is suppose to be one of the climate changing factors. Did we pollute less in 1934 than we did in 1998? And did the nature of the pollution change?
  • by MMC Monster ( 602931 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @09:17AM (#20259847)
    Why do we still call it global warming? It's global climate change. Some areas will get warmer. Some areas will get cooler. Some areas will be under water.

    The nice thing about it is that the majority of us will live to see the changes. We are in for some interesting times over the next 30-50 years. :-)
  • by lightsaber777 ( 920815 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @09:36AM (#20260093) Journal
    He's a scientist with an ego... which most scientists have and is a danger and possibly a barrier to objectivity. Being corrected and somewhat mocked for his mistake is, I'm sure, embarrassing and a shot to his ego. Of course, if he had simply released his findings instead of using them as a platform to promote his theories of climate change, I'm quite sure the response to the mistake would not have been so negative. The fact that they trumpeted the first findings and quietly released the second makes one wonder about the real reason for releasing them in the first place. Do real scientists keep things to themselves if their experiments don't fit with their original hypothesis? Do they tweak experiments until they come up with the intended outcome? That's not science... that's politics.
  • Re:Honestly... (Score:4, Interesting)

    by TubeSteak ( 669689 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @09:52AM (#20260337) Journal

    If someone makes a deceitful argument, I would hope they would be exposed as a liar, not simply contradicted.
    He also makes a cogent political and religious argument in the same section of his letter.

    I am puzzled by views expressed by some conservatives, views usually expressed in vehement unpleasant ways in e-mails that I have been bombarded by in the past several days. ... It is puzzling, because it seems to me that conservatives should be the first ones standing up for preserving Creation, and for the rights of the young and the unborn. That is the basic intergenerational issue in global warming and the headlong use of fossil fuels: the present generation is, in effect, ripping off future generations.

    Is it possible that conservatives have been too quick to support the captains of industry?
    The basic problem is that national religious conservative leadership has focused exclusively on issues like "the rights of the young and the unborn" and the gay 'agenda'.

    Those (in leadership positions) who desire to shift away from political gay/abortion/Jesus activism and towards things like helping the poor and conserving the environment are mostly told to STFU & get back on message. "They" don't want to split the consideral political capital that's built up behind the religious conservative bloc.

    Religion has always influenced politics, but IMO, in the last 30 years, politics has been corrupting religion.
  • Re:Goalposts. (Score:2, Interesting)

    by archen ( 447353 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @09:54AM (#20260371)
    Yes the nature changed a lot. Look at the industrial revolution and the types of factories used. Most of them used to pour out black smoke unending. Coal was still used as a relatively common way to heat homes. Cars were scarce in comparison to today. It's been well documented that one of the biggest changes in the nature of pollution has been the fact that we've significantly reduced how visible pollution is. This means more sunlight hits the earth instead of something else. Instead we have non visible greenhouse gases accumulating.. We've also expanded the population by leaps and bounds, and cars used to be something a family MIGHT own - and is now something that each family member has. We're also a lot less efficient in many ways. Milk used to come in bottles that were given back and sanitized for reuse. How many people still use a clothes line to dry their clothes? etc.
  • Re:The bigger issue (Score:1, Interesting)

    by kimvette ( 919543 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @10:00AM (#20260453) Homepage Journal
    Given that these people claiming "ZOMG We're ruining the Earth! We're gonna melt" say this affects everyone, I think it is their duty to fully disclose the raw data and the methods used to arrive at the final result. After all, if we ARE causing global warming and it's not just a natural trend (remember, Mars is warming to. Is that due to the SUVs, er, probes we put there? I doubt it!) we need to know this ASAP, and by fully disclosing the ENTIRE data and algorithm set, then even religiously-skeptical doubters will HAVE to admit they're right.

    Until then, there is too much doubt because the raw data is restricted to a privileged few. I for one don't doubt that global warming is happening, but considering other planets are also warming, I doubt mankind is the cause. Oh, I'm sure that we're a contributor and at least a tiny fraction is due to us, but is our contribution 90% of the increase, or .000000241% of the increase, with the rest being due to natural phenomena?

    Remember, in the distant past the Earth was MUCH warmer than it is right now. It's happened before naturally, and is likely to occur again naturally.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Friday August 17, 2007 @10:11AM (#20260567)
    I read the letter. The quotation you attribute to him never appears. He says that our leaders have the power to mitigate climate change, but never blames them exclusively for causing it. Where did you get your quotation (which you felt should be put within quotation marks AND blockquote tags)?
  • by Anonymous Coward on Friday August 17, 2007 @10:23AM (#20260721)
    I agree.

    I don't pick sides in the global warming "debate" because I don't judge myself knowledgeable enough on the subject to do so since it's not my area of research (unlike legions of bloggers who presumably are qualified to do so). If the climatologists tell me they think it's gonna get warmer, well they are in a better position to judge than me.

    What I do see (and find incredibly frustrating as a scientist) is the following:

    1) He refused to show what his analysis was. There is no way I'd get away with publishing a paper doing that. You can't simply take some input data, perform a magical transform on it and publish the results without saying what you did. That's not a meaningful result. The error may be small, but if he *had* published his method, then it would have been found sooner and this whole debacle could have been avoided.

    2) When someone reverse-engineered his analysis (from the input and output) and it was found to be wrong the attack wing of the "pro"-climate change campaign proactively launched into a hysterical (and unjustified) assault on the person who found the flaw, despite NASA agreeing that the flaw was there and changing the published results, which is a complete own-goal given that this is how their opponents accuse them of behaving.

    3) Now he's sent off a bunch of e-mails where he comes over as a petulant child. You can't politicise your research and then whinge because when it's wrong you get into a political slapfight.

    None of these things promote rational debate.

    It's not a religion folks: If it's wrong, you've not lost anything, if it's right we're in trouble, and either way the oil is finite.
  • Re:The bigger issue (Score:5, Interesting)

    by hador_nyc ( 903322 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @11:09AM (#20261347) Homepage

    I was in the Bahamas last year measuring water temperature, beach erosion and doing population counts to provide data on why coral is dying off all over the world. Its a complex topic but one of the leading culprits is ocean warming. Coral is adapted to a narrow range. Once the coral reefs are gone, which will be soon, say goodbye to fish diversity and sandy beaches.
    I've heard this before, and I'd like to ask you an honest question. Coral has been around for a long time; according to this link on wikipedia [wikipedia.org], over 500 million years. Average global climate temperature has been both significantly warmer and cooler [scotese.com] in that time. My question is why would warming be the thing that's hurting them? I am not a biologist, nor an expert in this in any way; you are; that's why I'm asking you. To me, and again I'm a radar engineer, it seems more likely that the thing that's different now, and hurting them is us; runoff from our farms; the increased nitrogen and fertilizer in the water, or some other group of chemicals we're putting into the environment. Even CO2, as in the form of making the oceans more acidic, doesn't seem to me to be the problem; since again that too has been higher in coral's history.

    Also, beach erosion; how is that bad at all; except for the idiots who build houses or hotels on beaches? Isn't that simply a natural process? I think beaches communities should reverse development, and build back the dunes between the towns and the water. Screw the beach front hotels; it's bad for the environment, and we can still enjoy the beach without having a house or hotel on it!

    As for your comment about west nile virus, hell, we had malaria here too; but back before you or I were born, we defeated it. DDT being a big help there; amongst other things. West Nile is not a biggie. If we can stop malaria in Cuba and the South, we can stop it here when it gets warmer. People can adapt.
  • by dbrutus ( 71639 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @11:26AM (#20261625) Homepage
    The real problem is that this error had to be found out by reverse engineering because climate scientists have a bad habit of not releasing their code and data. We're told that they use a list of high quality temperature sensing stations and discouraged from actually checking. Then when somebody actually does go out and check, we find a significant fraction of them are just awful, hopelessly compromised by local heat island effects. Fixing those problems will only increase the accuracy of predictions and data quality but instead of welcoming it, we had an abortive attempt to take the station list locations private for "privacy reasons" after being public for decades.

    Data quality is a major issue with global warming. If the numbers aren't right, we don't really know what's going on. This is just one more case of obfuscation hiding error and the AGW proponents falling back to the nearest trench line and adopting the same shoddy tactics of delay, deny, and obfuscate on data quality issues.

    This is not how real science is done and that's why so many people who know and love the scientific method and its fruits have a growing unease about the whole AGW enterprise. Can you blame them?

    The US is reputed to have one of the best temp sensor networks in the world and I believe has the only organized effort to go to original sources and check stations. Yet instead of calling for a review of all the data and figuring out, for real, how bad the problem is, what we get is a political effort to firewall the contamination and an implied "let's not bother" checking the rest. Real science is "trust but verify". Climate science seems to have a strain of something else going on.

  • Educating the press (Score:3, Interesting)

    by benhocking ( 724439 ) <benjaminhocking@nOsPAm.yahoo.com> on Friday August 17, 2007 @11:37AM (#20261829) Homepage Journal

    The issue of educating the press about how to communicate science works both ways.
    No doubt. Many scientists are appalled when the press tries to blame a single hot day/hot summer/hurricane/tornado on global warming. However, it should be noted that although the US temperatures are not major contributing factors to global warming, global temperatures are major contributing factors to US temperatures.

    That means that the "9 hottest years"-record that you are referring to is negligibly important for global temperature when the temperatures considered are only the US ones!
    I'm not sure what you're saying here. The "9 hottest years" record I'm referring to is referring to global temperatures, so it can't be negligibly important for global temperatures...

    I believe that a reasonable scientific stance is one of skepticism.
    Absolutely. I am as skeptical about global warming as I am about quantum physics. I know they both have flaws.

    That would require for someone to know all inner workings of climate, and the magnitude and direction of all the feedbacks that models attempt to simulate.
    Only if you're trying to get a perfect simulation. I run simulations on mammalian hippocampal structures, and I can guarantee you there's a lot I don't know about all the inner workings of it. Nevertheless, I'm able to not only recreate much of its functionality, but I'm also able to make testable predictions about what will happen in certain novel situations. Going back to the quantum physics comparison, there's a lot we don't know about the non-linearities inherent in quantum physics, yet we can still accomplish quite a bit with it.

    But that means that it leaves the state of the science of climate change exactly as it was before, that is one of uncertainty. And this is not what James Hansen is being teaching us for the last few years.
    How do you figure? Has James Hansen been teaching us that the science of climate change is perfect? If so, I'd appreciate a reference. Everyone acknowledges the uncertainty in climate change. You see those lines above and below the main line on the IPCC projections? Those are uncertainties.
  • by Stormcrow309 ( 590240 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @11:43AM (#20261927) Journal

    Actually, the real problem here is why isn't Slashdot up in arms about closed sourced climate modeling and data correction algorithms? Sorry, couldn't resist.

    In the process for setting myself up for an observance error arguement, why is the three NOAA monitoring stations I know about are in the three hottest sections of my city? All three of them are well within 100 feet of buildings, with one over red brick walkway, one over a concrete pad next to one of our airports and the last one is attached to the tower of the other.

  • by ElrondHubbard ( 13672 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @11:50AM (#20262073)
    What Hansen considers the really significant distortion in the 1934-vs.-1998 comparison is this: while the absolute temperature difference between the two years (for the U.S.) was negligible, the U.S. was much warmer than the rest of the world in 1934, whereas in 1998 it was close to the global average. You can see this if you go back and read the PDF http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/realdeal.16aug20074. pdf [columbia.edu] of Hansen's second e-mail, and especially take a look at Figure 2 on page three. In 1934, the U.S. is a red spot surrounded by cooler areas, whereas in 1998 it's glowing red all over. Of course, the colour codes for a difference against baseline, not absolute temperature, but the difference is clear: 1934 temperatures in the U.S. were anomalously warm vs. the rest of the world, whereas in 1998 they were much more typical.
  • Re:The bigger issue (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Ambitwistor ( 1041236 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @12:08PM (#20262393)
    As with most of that site's content, you're only telling part of the story.

    1) Global plant biomass up 6% since the 1970s due to more CO2, and longer growing seasons. A big win on dozens of fronts, but two bear particular mention:

    Plant biomass can go up as a whole, but the effect of CO2 fertilization is strongly limited by water and nutrient availability, which in many regions will go down. Longer growing seasons do not occur everywhere, but only in places that don't get too hot or too dry.

    3) Increased crop yields, contributing to making the famines that used to regularly afflict India, China, etc. a thing of the past.

    Increased crop yields have far more to do with agricultural practices than CO2 fertilization or climate change. Furthermore, even when crop yield goes up, nutritional content often goes down: the planets are bigger but not as good for you.

    4) Decreased mortality. Deaths increase from a one degree drop in temperature at around four times the rate of a one degree rise in temperature.

    That contradicts other studies I've read, but now I have to do some hunting for them.

    5) Extra calamari! Squids get bigger and grow faster in warmer oceans.

    Ocean acidification, ecosystem stress, forced migration ...

    6) Fewer typhoons/hurricanes/etc., due to increase in wind shear making them less likely to form.

    The studies I've read indicate that hurricane numbers stay constant or increase, not decrease, and that hurricane strength may increase.

    7) Better beer! There's no water more pure than that from melting ice caps.

    Strangely enough, the positive vastly outweighs the negative.
    Really? Then why do leading economists like Nordhaus find net economic damage from warming? Even Tol, who's in the "small warming is good" camp agrees that we need to mitigate our emissions to avoid large warming.

    Your one sided story neglects all the other negative impacts of climate change (sea level rise, drought, flooding, heat waves, abrupt threshold responses in the climate system), etc., and also neglects the difference between the climate change which has occurred so far, and the much larger change which is predicted to occur in the future.
  • Re:The bigger issue (Score:2, Interesting)

    by sgholt ( 973993 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @12:14PM (#20262501)
    ahhh...but when you add someones politics to the mix, that's where the error comes in. I too suspect that runoff and pollution to be a bigger factor than warming. Looking at graphs of global warming and cooling (yes it exists TOGETHER, has been going on for 100s of thousands of years!)the temperature range is about 2 degrees either way. So this is killing coral? I find that to be a little misleading. Granted temperature change could be part of the cause to this problem, but temperature change has been going on for 100s of thousands of years. It is in a cycle...look at graphs of CO2 vs Temp, it is pretty obvious.

    I have seen reports of a disease called "white plague" that is responsible for the death of coral in the Caribbean. Other studies blame wastes that are pumped into the ocean without treatment.
    Still other studies in the Pacific indicate that the earth is losing coral at the rate of 1% per year, and at this time Pacific coral is 50% of what it was before. OK, that means this started about 50 years ago?

    I don't want to start a flame war here...but lumping everything as a product of Global Warming is
    isn't productive when you don't also explore other causes and/or cures. It has become such a political movement that people are closing their minds to any other cause or solution.
  • Re:The bigger issue (Score:1, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Friday August 17, 2007 @12:20PM (#20262617)
    Yes. The data *is* there, but it's raw. The code and tools to process it *do* exist, but they are archaic or take some effort to recode appropriately and validate. The procedure to process the data *is* explained in the published papers. Sometimes there might be a little vagueness in the procedures that requires asking questions or experimenting a bit to be sure you have the right process, but it's there. All the ingredients are present, but it will take a lot of time and effort for someone else to duplicate the effort of the scientists involved. That's why scientists spend a long time on these studies in the first place. Anyone who really understands this stuff will work through it.

    And that's the problem. People aren't used to this and unrealistically expect it to be simple and easy (and expect scientists to make it so if it isn't). It's trivial to ask the question "why should it be this difficult?", but it is often the norm in scientific work for it to take almost as much effort as it did the first time in order to duplicate someone else's work. You have to validate as much of the process for yourself as is practical anyway.

    If you want to bake a cake, it's fine to say the ingredients and recipe should be easier to obtain or better specified by another chef, but it's quite another matter to imply that someone else should bake it for you or do the work to package it into a "just add water" recipe. Usually you have to do it from scratch to really understand it and test it out. It isn't always easy. Tough.
  • Re:The bigger issue (Score:3, Interesting)

    by jonniesmokes ( 323978 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @02:40PM (#20265479)
    You say:
    >If the papers reported on c02science.org are of sound methodology, transparent process, and apparent intellectual rigour,
    >which they appear in general to be to me, why should the source of their funding matter?

    Are you claiming to be a top climatologist? A lot of people can write a paper that
    looks scientific. Only a good scientist can figure out whether the paper is worth
    what its printed on.

    I'll give you a personal example. I once worked for a small medical device company
    owned by an ex surgeon. He was trying to sell patented technologies to very large
    and rich pharmaceutical firms. He needed to show that the technologies were scientifically
    tested to standards which the FDA accepts. He hired me (an MIT trained scientist) to
    perform experiments and prove that these technologies were valid. This process is
    called "validating" by the FDA.

    I had a predecessor who had left on poor terms. So I had an inkling something
    might be weird. I kept trying to replicate my predecessors results and couldn't.
    My boss was becoming increasingly agitated that I wasn't successful making his
    technology work. I was certainly trying. I was working my ass off. At one point
    in a meeting, my boss told me to change the protocol of the experiment in a subtle
    way. I instantly recognized that it would guarantee a positive result, but that
    it wouldn't mean anything about the safety of the underlying technology. It
    would be fraud. And in fact, it would be very hard for someone to detect that
    it was fraud. Only someone who had been working on the technology for 60 hours
    a week for 6 months would be able to understand what it meant.

    I refused to make the change in protocol, and started looking for anotehr job that
    day. The boss and I didn't speak after that. People's lives are at stake
    with medical devices and I couldn't be a party to fraud. This was a big deal.

    Global warming is somewhat similar and its even more complex. You might consider
    putting your faith in trained scientists instead of paid hacks. Or don't and
    become a scientist yourself!

  • Re:This man's career (Score:3, Interesting)

    by jevvim ( 826181 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @03:05PM (#20265937) Journal
    If you want to point out an error in his published research, go right ahead and try. Otherwise, drop with the insinuations and innuendo.

    When they open up that published reserach so that it can be fully reviewed, we could actually argue points instead of insinuating. Until then, though, we should consider why such disclosure wouldn't be made and, from that, assume there to be an agenda at play, be it his own, his supervisor's, or the administration's.

  • by Stormcrow309 ( 590240 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @03:28PM (#20266333) Journal

    Actually, it does. Let me explain. To model something, you need quality data. To have quality data, you need to have good data correction algorithms to adjust for variation. When the scientists will not produce the source code, then the data correction algorithm is closed-sourced, which has material effect on the climate model.

    Without the source code or the algorithms used, we don't see the methodology, just a pat on the head explanation. We cannot verify or repeat the process. Since we are feeding this data into climate models and building 'better' models based off of this data, then the climate models should come into question. By close-sourcing a data correction algorithm, I am obfuscating how 'good' is my data, feeding possibly bad data into climate models and screwing over every other scientist working with my data. How many climate models were built on the bad data because of this error? How many years of work has to be reworked? In one fell swoop, NASA has set back climatology by several years, assuming the current produced data has any validity.

    Personally, if I was working with this data with my climate models and 'improving' the models with it, I would be upset. Anything I had written would come into question. If it didn't, I would worry about the academic community. People should be tar and feathering Hansen.

  • by rcs1000 ( 462363 ) * <rcs1000&gmail,com> on Friday August 17, 2007 @04:53PM (#20267647)
    "Aren't you cute. The population has grown and at some point resources simply won't stretch far enough for all of us."

    There is this shocking, general belief that populations are exploding.

    The truth is different: in countries as diverse as China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Iran (yes, Iran), and Mexico plus all of Europe, birth rates are below replacement levels. In Russia, there were four deaths for every birth last year. Even in India, the birth rate has collapsed, even if it is still well above replacement.

    Sure, populations are still expanding globally: but this is a function of life expectancies rising fast in
    developing nations. But where birth rates have fallen below replacement levels we are now seeing DECLINING populations. Japan's total population has fallen, and it's working age population is shrinking at an alarming rate. In China, the result of the one child policy in 1979 has also led to an enormous drop off in births. (And one that is compounding now: there are fewer women of child bearing age, having fewer babies.)

    Look up the UN population data - they have been consistently revising down "peak" population for 15 years. Read Fewer by Ben Wattenberg. It is amazing to discover that there will probably be fewer humans - by choice - in a 100 years than there are now.
  • by rhakka ( 224319 ) on Friday August 17, 2007 @05:10PM (#20267871)
    I know.. I'm not making a hockey stick arguement. But the fact is there is already dissapearing potable water in heavily populated areas of china as well as the US. We are, right now, operating beyond currently sustainable levels in energy and water usage, and that in turn is and will be placing pressure on food.

    And, more people are demanding more as "all boats rise". Consumption is skyrocketing even though population is merely growing. What do people do who don't have kids? They consume...

  • Actually, if we made everyone fabulously wealthy (i.e. as wealthy as the US, Western Europe, Japan), population growth would stall entirely, since that's what happened when the US, Western Europe, and Japan all became fabulously wealthy. The problem is, making everyone fabulously wealthy (i.e. "economic development" or "globalization") will...lead to a shortage of resources. It's not population growth that's the issue.

    Population growth these days is simply self-perpetuating poverty, and poverty doesn't put up much of a fight for resources. (Okay, maybe that means all the poor countries starve to death, but at least the rest of us don't have to go to war. Even if it is North Korea--sure, they have nuclear bombs, but if they actually use them instead of just making vague threats about it, they're not getting any more food aid.) It's development that's the issue. Poor countries don't want to stay poor, but rich people somehow want to pay the same price for gasoline even when poor countries are getting rich enough to afford some and increase demand.

"Experience has proved that some people indeed know everything." -- Russell Baker

Working...