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Biotech Science

DNA So Dangerous It Doesn't Exist 454

Panaqqa writes "A group of researchers at Boise State University is investigating the theory that there are genome sequences so dangerous they are incompatible with life. Greg Hampikian, a professor of genetics, and his team are comparing all possible short sequences of nucleotides to databases of gene sequences to determine which ones don't exist in nature. The New Scientist reports that the US Department of Defense is interested enough in their work to have awarded them a $1 million grant. I for one am not sure I like the possible directions this research could take."
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DNA So Dangerous It Doesn't Exist

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  • Suicide genes? (Score:2, Interesting)

    by BlackMesaLabs ( 893043 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @06:13AM (#17455934)
    Suicide genes that can be activated at a later date?
    I - am - not - a - machi --*Boom*
  • Re:Hmmm... paradox? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ArsenneLupin ( 766289 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @06:28AM (#17456004)

    Imagine a mouse with a DNA sequence that makes it want to run into mousetraps when it reaches a certain age. Obviously something like won't have much of a chance to procreate.
    You mean, like toxoplasmosis [wikipedia.org]?
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday January 04, 2007 @06:48AM (#17456100)
    Actually, Israel has a project going to identify genetic sequences in Arabs that could be used in biological warfare. I wish I was making this up, but I'm not. My worry is that someday they have a lab accident and this stuff gets out and accidently kills off humanity through unforeseen side effects.
  • A million dollars?? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by teslar ( 706653 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @06:49AM (#17456104)
    From TFA:
    To do this, Hampikian and his colleage Tim Anderson, also at Boise, have developed software that calculates all the possible sequences of nucleotides - the "letters" of DNA - up to a certain length, and then scans sequence databases such as the US National Institutes of Health's Genbank to identify the smallest sequences that aren't present.
    So, basically, it's one regexp and a database lookup. Which is fine (how else would you do it?) but all this requires is one afternoon of PhD time followed by a lot of computer crunching. Even if you buy a very shiny very fast dedicated computer for this, where do the remaining 990 000 dollars go?
  • by EvoDevo ( 951991 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @06:59AM (#17456178)
    First of all, I am doing research in computational biology. I just read the paper linked from his webpage at http://biology.boisestate.edu/hampikian [boisestate.edu] and I have to say that this is one of the worse papers I have ever read. First of all, I can literally write a program to do all that he proposed in about 10 minutes. Give me the $1 mil, I'll do the research. Although the idea of systematically finding nullomers can have practical applications, there is ABSOLUTELY ZERO evidence that they are incompatible with life. And wow, isn't this the eye catching title that we see on /. The numbers of nullomers that he found in the human genome, for example, looks like they are in line with expectation given a genome genome that is AT rich (more A and T nucleotides than G / C nucleotide). Because the human genome is finite (only about 3 billion nucleotides), of course you are going to find DNA sequence even at only 11 bases long that do not exist in the human genome. Just do the math! 4^11 = 4.2 billion. It makes me so furious that our government wastes so much money on useless stuff.
  • Run for the hills (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Adam J Stone ( 1018520 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @07:01AM (#17456182)
    There may also be some that are lethal in some species, but not others. We're looking for those sequences.

    This article reminds me of a doomsday hypothesis I once read. Daniel Pouzzner [mega.nu] posted this some time ago on his website:

    It is quite likely that the Endangered Species Act and similar policies will continue to be enforced, setting large areas of land (and associated natural resources) out of the reach of interested industries. Corporations in these industries will create a demand for black market genetic bullet engineering, by which obstacle species can be purged, freeing the land for industrial exploitation. The profit motive is overwhelming; the resources at issue are worth trillions of today's dollars annually. An engineer who can target species on demand can obviously target humans, or even subsets of humans, if he wants to. Black markets by definition are not subject to regulatory scrutiny, and of course tend to be populated by unsavory and low characters. The environmentalist extremists (many of whom are well-financed or independently wealthy) will retain the services of some of these black market operators, to "fight back" (as they see it) on behalf of the species being targeted for/by the corporations. This will probably culminate in a doomsday bug.
  • by zuiraM ( 1027890 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @07:24AM (#17456288)
    I'd consider it more likely that a lab "accident" causes it to kill off the Palestinian population, or possibly even the majority of the Arab world. All it takes is one wrong person in the right place at the right time. And the majority of current leaders in Israel fit every criterion but "right time" at the moment.

    Of course, I'd hate for them to pick up this idea, but they've probably thought about it already:

    If they are willing to sacrifice the majority of their population as well, they could create a biological weapon that targets everyone except the Ashkenazi jews. That particular group is probably one of the most studied groups out there because they almost never breed with outsiders, so tons of interesting stuff can be found from their DNA. (Note that I'm using the word "breed" as a technical, not derogatory, term here)
  • Afraid? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by RAMMS+EIN ( 578166 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @07:56AM (#17456476) Homepage Journal
    ``I for one am not sure I like the possible directions this research could take.''

    You mean that it could be used to manufacture new weapons? I don't know if having n+1 ways to kill is really much worse than having n ways, given that n is already as large as it is.
  • by Threni ( 635302 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @08:12AM (#17456544)
    > Just like the Monty Python sketch "the Funniest Joke in the World", developing something that kills itself too quickly isn't going
    > to get propagated far without a lot of effort!

    It reminds me of the book "A Higher Form of Killing" (by Jeremy Paxman (yeah, *that* Paxman) and Robert Harris) which has this quote from a House Appropriations hearing in 1969:

    "Within the next five to ten years it would probably be possible to make a new infective microorganism which could differ in certain important respects from any known disease-causing organisms. Most important of these is that it might be refractory to the immunological and therapeutic processes upon which we depend to maintain our relative freedom from infectious disease."

    Sounds like AIDS, doesn't it, and the first reported cases of AIDS were discovered in 1982.
  • Cancer treatment (Score:2, Interesting)

    by slysithesuperspy ( 919764 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @08:27AM (#17456632)
    Could this be used to attack cancer cells?
  • Re:Hmmm... paradox? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by aadvancedGIR ( 959466 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @09:28AM (#17457054)
    But you could also say that the elders, by helping taking care of the village children and teaching their wisdom can still be usefull to the community, so maybe ageing is a way to have a longer (but less active) life by reducing the constraints on the body (and perhaps the risk of cancer). Maybe at a certain age you don't heal anymore simply because the needed effort would otherwise kill you.
  • by zacronos ( 937891 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @10:47AM (#17457838)
    As for the difference between Jews and Arabs, there aren't many. As in none, genetically you can't tell them apart.

    Can you back that up?

    A peer poster mentioned this but didn't really put much force into it: if you remove the restriction of looking at a single gene only, then it becomes much easier to commit bio-genocide.

    You need to sort them out based on a rather non-existent grouping... that is something only racists can do, not viruses. [...] There are certain genes which exist in varied frequency but none that are that isolated.

    Imagine 80% of the population of a particular "non-existent grouping" has a particular gene, while 20% of the population outside of that population has the gene (I think that's being generous -- much more effectively discriminating genes could likely be found). Now imagine there are 10 of those. It would not be hard to believe that 1 in 3 of that "non-existent grouping" has at least 3 of the genes (assuming the "non-existent grouping" is not based purely on appearance, but also evidence of ancestry that ties the group together), while less than 1% of people outside the group has 3 or more of the genes. This is assuming the genes have independent distributions when considered either within the group or outside it; this would almost positively not be the case, but I'll assume that it probably doesn't hurt my case too much (though it may in the Jews/Arabs example, I admit).

    So, can 10 genes like that be found, and can the virus be made to kill someone with several particular genes? If you could make a virus that targets the combination of 3 particular genes (again, assuming the genes have independent distribution within the group), then one virus like that could kill off a third of your group, while killing less than 1% of people outside the group. Make a second virus with a different 3, you kill off ~1% of the remaining outside population while killing of a third of what remains of the group. Do that with 2 more viruses and you've cut the group down to less than 20% of its original size, at the cost of 4% of the outside population.

    Does anything in that scenario sound so implausible? Do those sound like numbers a hard-core racist would go for?
  • Re:In the future... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by TheLink ( 130905 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @10:49AM (#17457856) Journal
    Why do that? Govs can just stop being stupidly trying to ban people from smoking and just keep taxing tobacco heavily.

    They should still keep educating them on the dangers of smoking and make it illegal for kids to start or be sold cigs to.

    But other than that, if you know the dangers and you still like to smoke a few packs a day: "Thank you citizen for your contribution and sacrifice!"

    If you die soon after your productive years or retirement, you are no longer a drag to healthcare - while there's your last 3 or so years where you'd be taking some money out, but your 30-50 years of tobacco tax should have paid for that and a lot more.

    If you don't die soon after retirement but keep smoking, hey thanks for continuing to pay extra taxes after retirement!

    I'm not a smoker, but I find it strange that so many Governments worry about aging populations on one hand but keep trying to stop smokers from smoking. No need to spend so much money preventing them from smoking. Heck, we'd be able to afford to give the long time smokers a special "Patriot" carton every year as a sign of appreciation.

    I'm sure there are plenty of other similar ways to prop up the healthcare/social security system.

  • by the_B0fh ( 208483 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @10:59AM (#17457974) Homepage
    Actually, there's another viable theory. There was a tv documentary about it. Try looking up polio research and the use of monkey kidneys (simian hiv is not deadly to simians). Good possibility that the polio used in Africa (but not elsewhere, like US) was contaminated with simian hiv, and that mutated.
  • Re:Hmmm... paradox? (Score:2, Interesting)

    by general scruff ( 938598 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @12:27PM (#17459226) Journal
    Woohoo! New Poll!

    Indiana Jones and the Lost:

    -Breasts
    -Wii
    -Coyboy Neal
  • Re:Hmmm... paradox? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by jafiwam ( 310805 ) on Thursday January 04, 2007 @01:47PM (#17460914) Homepage Journal
    I wonder if anybody has done a "hunter gatherer" typical old person stuff analysis of fitness for the group.

    For example, behavior of young males being aggressive, reckless, and willing to charge ahead to a fight, vs mature adults that tend to be conservative and stay with the group has a purpose. Young males are tougher and heal better and faster, and are also somewhat expendable.

    Take the same concept and apply it to the oldsters. Eyesight problems keeps them close to home, rabid love for the grandchildren to the point of spoiling, erratic sleep patterns of waking up super early and sleeping when the youngsters are out running about... the exact opposite of them almost as if they were designed to sit around the fire doing small stuff and watching for hyenas when others sleep.

    Stuff like that.

The faster I go, the behinder I get. -- Lewis Carroll

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