Microlensing Uncovers Earth-Like Planet 263
smooth wombat writes "Using a new technique called gravitational microlensing, a team of astronomers have discovered the smallest Earth-like planet circling a star 20,000 light years away in the constellation Sagittarius. Unfortunately the planet takes ten years to circle the red dwarf and has a surface temperature estimated at -220 C which means it's just a larger version of Pluto so the chance of finding life on this planet is essentially zero."
Wait... (Score:4, Insightful)
So it's earth-like how?
Because it's small and rocky. (Score:4, Informative)
Re:Because it's small and rocky. (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Because it's small and rocky. (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Wait... (Score:4, Insightful)
"This is the most Earth-like planet we have discovered to date, in terms of its mass and the distance from its parent star," he told BBC News. "Most of the other planets that have been discovered are either much more massive, much hotter or both."
He is an astronomer, so when saying it was Earth-like he was, of course, speaking relatively.
Of course.... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Of course.... (Score:3, Funny)
It's earth-like in the same way that... (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Wait... (Score:3, Interesting)
Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Pluto are all "earth-like" planets.
Well... Pluto is more like a large comet.
Re:Wait... (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Wait... (Score:5, Insightful)
I get fed up with people saying this. Our data set for planets that can support life is 1. We have no idea what "other" lifeforms can survive. Pretty much everywhere we look on earth we find life.
We find it at +120C at several thousand atmospheres of pressure next to thermal vents.
We find it at -40 C under meters of ice.
We find it living in our stomachs at a pH of less than 2.0.
We find it making a living from cleaning the insides of a sharks mouth.
I am sure that if you go into the charred remains of Reactor core number 4 chernobyl you will find plenty of life.
All you need for life is some form of energy that can be harnessed and some raw materials to use. There is no justification for saying that we should look for life at 300 kelvin and 1 atmoshphere pressure and 20% oxygen. For the report on a "scientific" article it is just lame speculation dressed as informed fact.
Re:Wait... (Score:2, Funny)
Wait a sec, what does this topic have to do with The Apprentice?
it doesn't... (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Wait... (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Wait... (Score:5, Insightful)
>>well, you generally don't find complex life at temperatures where water and most (all?) hydrocarbons freeze,
Life on earth evolved to use complex hydrocarbons because they "work" well at the temperatures we experiance. Remember that we live at around 300 kelvin. Some things on earth live at 200 kelvin some at close to 450 kelvin. This is quite a wide range. Where hydrocarbons dont work something else will.
>>do you? i'm sorry you're 'fed up' with this kind of rampant speculation, but given that life anywhere will still have to obey the same physics,
I think that you underestimate "life" we have plants that eat "light". We live on a planet with an 20% oxygen atmosphere. This was put there by those plants.
We have bacteria that use sulfur instread of iron. We have creature that change color at will. We have creatures that emmit light. We have creatures that live in the middle of the sahara desert.
-220 C may be cold for us but what you need for life is a energy differential. Our fish swim in water, birds fly in the air. On another planet they may swim and fly in molten lead or liquid sulfuric gas, somewhere else they may swim in methane.
On earth some creature survive on caffine solution and hot dogs! There is no reason to assume that alien life should be anything like our own.
Let me put it this way if you told a 19th century biologist that on earth there were creatures who live at 400 Bar of pressure at +130C in extreme saline conditions they would say it was impossible, that life could not exist under these conditions.
It is silly to make a prediction of probabilities with a data set of a single sample.(In this case life on earth)We have not even looked properly for life on any of the other planets in our solar system.
Re:Wait... (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Wait... (Score:3, Informative)
There is another issue here. Life on earth seems to be foudn everywhere we look, but it is becoming clearer and clearer from genetic studies that all the forms have a common ancestor. Life on Earth c
Re:Wait... (Score:3, Insightful)
Of course he would - because he had no idea of what those conditions were like. On the other hand, we know what the conditions are like at -220C.
Science is not law (Score:3, Interesting)
There is really no evidence either for- or against it. The objective standpoint is that we just don't know. It may be scary to have nothing to hold on to, but we should grow more comfortable with it since it will benefit us in the longer run. The wise man knows he don't know.
There are indications that with our present knowledge, we can't model life to fit those conditions, but we also
Re:Science is not law (Score:3, Insightful)
Come on! We have observed how many % of cosmos, to make wide-assumptions on the entire thing?
If you say "earth-like life" and "not likely", it will be more clear and everybody will probably agree.
Yeah, but don't forget the wise part, too. The wise man also knows stuff. Probably chemistry. Mysticism isn't wisdom; it's often just a fancy justification for ignorance.
Wisdom has nothing to do with facts. Any computer can reiterate fac
Re:Wait... (Score:5, Interesting)
It's so close to absolute zero that most chemical reactions dont' happen there. The chance of life forming is probably next to nothing.
Re:Wait... (Score:5, Interesting)
Actually, there are some good (but not conclusive) chemical reasons. Some of them came out in the recent discussions of why Titan might support life.
Now, -220C is abut 53K, which is pretty cold. Titan is about 94K, which doesn't sound much warmer to us, but it's actually nearly twice as "warm". At 94K, methane is a liquid, and it's also a solvent. It behaves much like water, though it's a non-polar molecule, so any biochemistry would be different from ours. In particular, methane is good at dissolving organic (i.e., carbon-chain based) compounds.
At 53K, methane is a solid.
All this is significant because it's reasonable to assume that complex life requires complex chemistry. At low temperatures, the only way known to do this is with carbon chains (though there has been speculation that at higher temperatures than ours, silicon could perform a similar role). And for biochemistry to work, most of the biochemicals should be in a liquid matrix, so they can move around and interact easily.
So a planet at 53K wouldn't be a very likely place to find complex chemicals with compex interactions. Everything interesting would be solid. At 94K, it's possible, with methane as the solvent substrate. At our body temperature, 310K, methane is a gas, but water is a liquid and a good solvent, so biochemistry works for us.
But you're right that this is all speculation, based on the only kind of life that we know. Science-fiction writers have contemplated life at other temperatures, but we have yet to find evidence of any.
A few years back, Robert Forward wrote a sci-fi novel, Camelot 30K, which is about the discovery of life on a Pluto-like planet in the Kuiper belt. The title comes from its ambient temperature, 30K, and the social order which is medieval. Being a good physicist, he explains at one point that the living creatures are all "warm blooded", with body temperatures arund 90K. This is so that their body fluids remain liquid. It turns out that they inhabit many of the Kuiper-belt planets, and have an interesting means of dispersal. Presumably they evolved a bit closer in, long ago, on a planet with temperatures somewhat higher. This may sound like a stretch, but our body temperature is about 30K above our planet's mean temperature.
Anyway, maybe some day we'll know more about what is possible. Maybe, as Forward imagined, we'll find out when we visit the outer reaches of our solar system. Or maybe not.
Most of the media attention to possible life is basically silly, and based on little more than speculation. If you want to be entertained by speculation without evidence, you're better off reading science fiction.
Re:Wait... (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Wait... (Score:5, Informative)
That being said, life depends on a certain level of chemical activity (I.E no thinking rocks) and a large degree of predictable organization (I.E. no intelligent vapor). Anything else requires repealing the laws of physics and chemistry as they currently understood. (The former is possible on the cosmic and subatomic scale, I.E. outside the realms of life. The latter is unlikely in the extreme.)
Re:Wait... (Score:2)
Re:Wait... (Score:2)
Re:Wait... (Score:2)
Re:Wait... (Score:4, Funny)
So it's earth-like how?
Well, it sounds a lot like North Dakota, so the question becomes, can I get broadband access, and will my company pay for relocation expenses? :)
Oh, Rebecca... (Score:5, Insightful)
Sorry to carp, but it's stuff like this, especially in 'science' articles, that drives me to distraction.
From TFA (boldface mine): Umm...wouldn't that be the textbook definition of solid ? In the absence of any information as to the composition of the 'frozen liquid, the term 'frozen liquid' could apply equally well to any terrestrial planet.
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:3, Funny)
It's obvious that they were suffering from a severe case of brain freeze from eating too many Slushies. Mmmm, red.
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
Re:Basic thermodynamics (Score:5, Informative)
Also, you need a better example, since Sucrose (the molecule people mean when they say 'sugar' without a qualifier) has a MP of 191 degrees centigrade at 1 atm, i.e. it has a viable liquid phase pre-decomposition. Perhaps you're thinking of Glucose or Ribose?
You could make an argument that 'frozen liquid' would refer to an amorphous (non-crystalline/glassy) structured solid only, as these result from a skipping of the phase formation bit of solidification to just lock the structure of the liquid into solid form. However, I think it's more likely that the writers of the article just skipped the materials phase of their education, locking the structure of their brains into a void-filled physics-oriented glass. Or they just, you know, made the intellectual equivalent of a typo. Whichever.
Re:Basic thermodynamics (Score:2)
The worst part is that the act of congress it to make them NOT work properly...
Where's this sugar coated planet you speak of? (Score:2)
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
I have candy says otherwise.
Sure, sucrose eventually decomposes into carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. But then so does pretty much every other organic compound, given sufficient heat.
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
Bad example. You've obviously never visited a candy factory. A better example would be Iodine, or CO2, both of which undergo sublimation instead of entering a liquid state. There's a catch - this happens under standard conditions. Anything can be made liquid if you dick around enough with the pressure and temperature - you get liquids with pretty interesting properties.
Just because a few things don't exist in a liquid state at STP doesn't mean that solid is a bad choi
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
I think it was meant to specify a solid that under "ordinary" earth circumstances would be a liquid. If you were talking about a planet covered in water-ice, it seems more relevant to say it is a frozen liquid, rather than just a normal, solid planet. Same with the moon of Titan. It is mostly covered by solids, but expanding that to frozen liquid methane is much more interesting. Doesn't that make more sense?
-JesseRe:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
Yes, it is geo-centric, because I live here! Why would I think of it in a non geo-centric way? That does me no good at all. Thinking of it based on being a Human means "Hmm, this is frozen liquid, if it were water, I might melt some, and have a drink if I happened to land a colony there in the future" rather than the non-geo centric view of "It's just another boring solid planet". If I were thinking about earth from a molten-lava-people centric view, I might say it's a frozen liquid planet, because that's w
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
This shows you've missed my point entirely. While the surface of this recently discovered planet may in fact be composed partially of water ice, there is most probably a significant collection of other solids such as nitrogen, oxygen, and methane (to name a few). Calling such a surface 'frozen liquid' is wore than useless, because accouding to your 'geoentric' view, the term 'frozen liquid' evokes images of water ice,
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
I haven't missed your point, that I know of. I only used water-ice as an example. I meant as a generalization that calling something frozen-liquid indicates that as something useful to humans, it's generally a liquid. If it were frozen methane, we might use it as a refuelling station for example. I would imagine that's the primary reason for searching for other Earth-like planets, is to either move there someday or look for life similar to our own.
-JesseRe:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
Well excuuuuse us for not living in space!
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
Indeed.
You can tell there astrohackery (just made that up!) about when every relatively insignificant find has the word "life" printed every other sentence.
The "Search for Extra-Terrestrial Life" could be more aptly characterized as "Groveling for Funding."
Re:Oh, Rebecca... (Score:2)
They're speaking in astronomical and geological terms here. 25,000 years is the blink of an eye in those terms. The planet is nearly certainly still there barring the death of its solar system that we haven't seen yet, or a cataclysmic world destroying event. Both of these things are also very rare in astronomical timeframes.
Statistica
Just like earth? (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Just like earth? (Score:2)
Re:Just like earth? (Score:2)
I kid, I kid! We're a very hospitable people up here.
Life Once Upon a Time (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Life Once Upon a Time (Score:2)
out of curiosity... (Score:4, Funny)
Re:Life Once Upon a Time (Score:4, Funny)
And even more interesting than that would be to discover that the planet was still inhabited, by beautiful amazonian women, and that they had sent a space ship to come get me.
Short of that, however, I'll take it as very exciting that it might be possible to use this same technique to discover more earth sized planets around other stars in the near future. So that we can use the information to target those solar system for further observation. Then maybe we can start talking about finding another civilization and planets full of sexy alien women and such.
Earthlike? (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Earthlike? (Score:2)
What are the chances of finding life? (Score:2, Insightful)
Too bad (Score:5, Funny)
It's especially unfortunate given the ease of a mission requiring us to travel 20,000 light years from Earth, then survive 57.3 Kelvin temperatutes.
Re:Too bad (Score:2)
Quote from TFA: (Score:5, Insightful)
Quote:
So, by all means, let's just stop looking then. That's the easy solution. Seriously though, I hate when people think like this. Maybe by looking out into deep space, we'll discover some new method for easily detecting life which we can then apply to Mars. That is unlikely, but still, science is about exploring, not just throwing down the hat at something silly like a problem that we can't quite answer yet.
Whomever said that hopefully isn't a scientist and/or working on this project.
-Jesse
Re:Quote from TFA: (Score:2)
Mr. Bar: Whomever said that hopefully isn't a scientist and/or working on this project.
Indeed. Unfortunately: "Dr Martin Dominik from the University of St Andrews is a co-leader of the PLANET collaboration, one of the microlensing networks used to detect the new planet." Crap.
Frankly, if si
Re:Quote from TFA: (Score:3, Insightful)
The other problem with that quote is that searching for life on Mars is difficult because Mars is very, very close to dead. Mars isn't teeming with surface life. That's pretty much a total given. It might have life clinging in a few underwater reservoirs, but it's not like Earth.
If someone was able to see Earth from a distant sta
Re:Quote from TFA: (Score:2)
Some people need an explaination of positive proof vs negative proof, and your quote was part of a rhetoric about that. Let's say we've had a really big thermonuclear war, and I came out of the bomb shelter and went out looking to see "are there any other humans alive?". If I met some people down the street, that would be positive proof. But if I didn't? If the streets werwe empty,
Re:Quote from TFA: (Score:2)
Some men see things they way they are and say, "Why?"
I dream things that never were and say, "Why not?"
The universe would fast become a dull place if we all gave up and decided it wasn't worth looking at it anymore.
Counter example (Score:3, Funny)
Come on, read a few posts on Slashdot on Intelligent Design and you will know that there is no chance involved here. Absense or precense of life is by design and only those not graced by Kansas education falsly believes otherwise.
Re:Counter example (Score:2)
The chance of life *existing*, of course, is another matter...
Re:Counter example (Score:2)
It does now! (cue the evil laugh)...
Don't insult us! (Score:4, Insightful)
Great subject, crappy article (Score:2)
Bummer.
Re:Great subject, crappy article (Score:2)
For BBC? maybe only a matter of time?
Official ESO Press Release (Score:3, Informative)
http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-2006/pr-
I have not read the BBC article. But this is the official PR document. It's nice having relatives in the field. I had this news days ago.
provincial attitude, dude (Score:4, Insightful)
Well, if you mean life, as in Jessica Alba, you're correct.
But that's a tad provincial, limited, humdrum, some might say. We know very little about chemistry at 50 degrees Kelvin. Maybe there are some chemical reactions that don't go at all at our room temperature, but run just fine at 50K.
Might be a tad slow, but who says life has to run at our speed?
Re:provincial attitude, dude (Score:2)
The news reporters who have had up to 2 semesters of science in their formal education.
Have a little survey amongst your non-computer friends, and ask them if Moon has gravity...
Surface Temp of -220 C (Score:5, Funny)
" . . .has a surface temperature estimated at -220 C which means . . . the chance of finding life on this planet is essentially zero."
Obviously these researchers have never met my ex-wife.
Little green men on that planet dont agree (Score:3, Insightful)
I am sure the little green men on that planet are saying the same thing about our 32 C planet. "There is no way anything could live on a planet above -100 C."
Sensationalist expectations (Score:5, Insightful)
That astronomers can detect that planet at all is a phenomenal acheivement. Before this, the only extrasolar planets that could be detected had large masses in close orbits, a rather extreme situation. But here's something quite outside that class. So its parameters aren't inside the "habitable zone." It's the first discovery of its kind. The attitude I'm seeing here is like someone claiming poker is no fun because they haven't been dealt a royal flush on their first hand. It's the process, more than this particular result, that should inspire amazement.
And it was seen at 20,000 light years away. That really, really far, a galactic distance! That means there are a lot of stars potentially obnservable using this technique. Even if the alignment is relatively rare, with billions of stars to try, perhaps sooner or later one or two will prove themselves to be more interesting to this unreasonably demanding crowd. But then I'm sure the discovery will be discounted if the alien civilization hasn't developed Linux.
Re:Sensationalist expectations (Score:2)
In a press release later that afternoon the astronomers admitted that the new earth-like planet was in fact a speck of dust on their telescope...
Re:Sensationalist expectations (Score:2)
essentially zero (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:essentially zero (Score:2)
Next time check your spelling, it's "floogelbarging" not "flooglebarging". Sigh.
(The spelling Nazis strike again!)
suggested name for this new planet... (Score:2)
The etymology of the name was not entirely clear at press time.
Yes, Earth-like (Score:3, Insightful)
If they can detect planets like this now (especially at 25,000 light years! wow), it is only a matter of time before a planet that is truly Earth-like is discovered.
Actually it only takes one year to orbit. (Score:3, Insightful)
28 000 not 20 000 light-years (Score:2, Informative)
Captain (Score:2, Funny)
Comment removed (Score:4, Insightful)
I helped set up some of their computers (Score:4, Interesting)
A few points of interest/weirdnessess
MOA is a collaboration with Japanese, so all the Linux installs included Japanese language support, including Japanese xterm windows.
Communication between the Linux boxen and the DOS box was purely by creating/deleting files on a shared drive. E.g. the Linux box would put a file on the drive saying where to point, and then would busy-wait looking at the file until it disappeared, at which point it knew the telescope was now tracking the required location.
The camera would do 30 second exposures. The Sun box ran a little script to do an exposure, which would send commands to open the shutter, wait, close the shutter, and read the data. The exposure timing was done with a "sleep 30" command! I was *not* happy with that, but didn't convince people to change it.
Since then, they have built their own new 1.8m telescope, and likely replaced the camera, so the above information is out of date. I haven't had any involvement in the project other than that one trip.
Re:Earthlike? (Score:2)
Re:Earthlike? (Score:2)
Re:Earthlike? (Score:5, Informative)
Until now.. they hadn't found a planet in another star system that was
A) terrestrial (solid, with a rocky surface) B) farther than 0.15 AU from its star.
This planet is 2.5 AU from it's star and it is not a gas giant. That's what makes it "earth-like".. in the way that mercury, venus, mars, and pluto are "earth-like".
Until now.. no such planet had been observed in another star system.
All of this is in TFA.
Re:Earthlike? (Score:3, Informative)
Re:Earthlike? (Score:2)
In the broader context of planetary science, I believe they mean that it is a small rocky body (if you call something 5 and 1/2 Earth masses small) as opposed to a gas giant such as Jupiter and Saturn. There's more on New Scientist [newscientistspace.com].
Re:Earthlike? (Score:2)
Re:Earthlike? (Score:2, Funny)
The life forms, doofus! (Score:2)
Because when they look very closely, they can see hairy bipeds peering into monitors at the results from microlens telescopes apparently aimed at our planet.
They were just very much colder, hairy bipeds.
Re:So what you really mean is... (Score:2, Insightful)
Ways in which this planet is earthlike (Score:2)
2. Its density is closer to that of earth than to, say, a neutron star.
3. It is made of matter and not anti-matter.
Re:Star Trek Reference Time! (Score:2)
Isn't anyone going to... (Score:2)
Re:Earth-like? (Score:2)
I wonder how much smog it would take to surrounf the sun in an impenetrable black cloud.... Ooh! or we could do the 'catapult earth off its orbit and into the outer disc of the solar system' thing. That would do it.