Become a fan of Slashdot on Facebook

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×
Science

Many Scientists Admit Unethical Practices 610

jangobongo writes "A surprising number of scientists engage in questionable research practices says a story at the Washington Post. According to a large-scale survey of scientific misbehavior, 15% admit to changing a study under pressure from a funding source. Other reasons for altering data include dropping data from a study based on a gut feeling and failing to include data that contradicts one's own research. This chart gives a quick rundown of the percentage of U.S. based scientists who reported having engaged in questionable research practices according to the survey."
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

Many Scientists Admit Unethical Practices

Comments Filter:
  • by Colin Smith ( 2679 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @02:55PM (#12782512)
    This is why we have peer review, independant repetition of studies, randomised double blind trials etc. It all comes out in the wash.

  • Already covered (Score:5, Informative)

    by benploni ( 125649 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @02:56PM (#12782519) Journal
    That's why the Scientific Method requires reproducibility. It's not just to weed out confirmation bias or experimental error, but to double check against fraud.
  • Re:I for one (Score:2, Informative)

    by Shkuey ( 609361 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:00PM (#12782578)
    Nor should you, they admit to leaving out information. Right down at the bottom, "Note: Not all categories in the study are shown."
  • by Jimmy_B ( 129296 ) <<gro.hmodnarmij> <ta> <mij>> on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:01PM (#12782594) Homepage
    I saw this earlier in the print edition, and it's not really what it sounds like. The question to which 15% said yes was whether you'd ever changed the procedure, methodology, or results of an experiment in response to pressure from a funding source. Well, changing the results would be very, very bad, but they actually asked a separate question on that one and only 0.3% (a statistically insignificant number) said yes. Changing methodology is not necessarily illegitimate; if your funding source says "give me X precision", or "measure Y too while you're at it", then the procedure's going to change to reflect that. It doesn't mean there's bias, it means the question was asked incorrectly.
  • Re:Fortunately... (Score:3, Informative)

    by Swamii ( 594522 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:03PM (#12782611) Homepage
    Actually, religions tend to be self-evolving too, both across religions and within itself. There are lots of man-made ideas in modern religion, and many of them are wrong.

    Take Christianity, for instance. It started off as a sect of Judaism, and remained largely so until a Roman Emperor, Constantine, made it the official religion of Rome, transfusing it with practices for the surrounding pagan religions (e.g. Sunday worship named after Constantine's former sun-worshipping ways, the Easter/Ishtar festivals, Lent/Tammuz festivals, even Christmas was borrowed from Babylonian myths).

    The difference between science and religion is one is dealing largely with the concrete, physical world, another with the spirtual world. I don't necessarily think the two ideas are exclusive; they can by all means co-exist.
  • by Councilor Hart ( 673770 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:08PM (#12782692)
    How accurate where the experiments from Eddington that were supposed to prove Einstein theory, back in ~1920? Not very, that's for sure

    Also, if graders at university level care more about how a paper is formatted and (nicely) written, than if the experiments were properly conducted, bad behaviour is encouraged.
    I know people who made one good measurement, made up the rest and spend the remaining part of the time on the paper due at the end of the day. While others spend their time on the experiments and had to write their papers quickly and hasty, forgoing a nice layout.
    You didn't had time to do both.
    Guess who had the better grade?
    Sure, measuring the period of a swinging pendulum may not be groundbreaking, but it's all about instilling the correct work habit.
    Perhaps what they did was good for getting a good grade, and they were the smarter of the rest of us. But it was damned lousy science.
    Yes, after all these years, I am still "upset" about it.

  • Re:Ethics (Score:2, Informative)

    by AllahsAvatar ( 887555 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:08PM (#12782699)
    They wouldn't lie to us? [bbc.co.uk]
  • by bagboy ( 630125 ) <neo&arctic,net> on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:18PM (#12782847)
    Changing the parameters of s study also changes the description of the study. If the researches are not publishing the study change descriptions with the research result changes, then that IS falsifying results and is unethical.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:20PM (#12782865)
    I can't speak for whether or not plants do whither from negativity. However, what you describe and what you compare it to are two different things. I doubt that Hitler went out and insulted his flowers, the way the study sounds.

    In fact, many dictators are admirers of art and culture. It seems entirely within reason that they might care for a certain plant more than the humans under their reign.
  • by zymano ( 581466 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:20PM (#12782872)
    If you want to see the biggest coverup in science it has to be the rising incidence of cancer and noone knows why.

    Maybe this article would shed some light [preventcancer.com] on how the plastics and pesticide industry owns the media and covers it up. They actually control the American Cancer Society which they use skillfully use to control anything that might hurt business.

    We know the cause of cancer. More here on cause of breast cancer and organochlorides. [fwhc.org] We just can't stop the industry that owns our government.

    One more link on the frontline investigation that industry tried to stop on pestcide effects on children. [cjog.net]
  • Re:Creationism (Score:5, Informative)

    by Golias ( 176380 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:24PM (#12782935)
    A century ago, virtually all christian sects had no problem with the scientific conclusion that the Earth is several billion years old.

    Starting in the 1960s, and just reaching a fever pitch, we have millions of christians who swear that their bible/religion/church says that the Earth is only 6000 years old.


    Wow. You never heard of the Scopes Monkey Trials, huh?

    (Hint: That was back in 1925, and along with the failure of prohibition signaled the winding down of a "revivalist" period which goes back to the 1890s, and the radical abolitionist movements several decades before that. Fundamentalism in America is a lot older than you seem to think it is.)

    Didn't your High School force you to sit through the movie versionof that shitty play?
  • by tbo ( 35008 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:27PM (#12782965) Journal
    I'd like to point out that this is a survey only of scientists funded by the NIH (National Institutes of Health). It has no bearing on conduct of scientists in other life sciences or in the physical sciences. I would imagine that given the closer industry ties of human health-related research, there would be different, and perhaps greater, pressure to falsify data. There is also clearly no opportunity to violate human subject research standards when you're studying subatomic particles.

    Physics Today has a good story [aip.org] on ethics issues in physics. It seems that data falsification is relatively rare (the few high-profile cases demonstrate that it is generally a career-ending move), but other ethical problems certainly do occur. In particular, Physics Today talks about the abuse of graduate students (a problem that's probably not limited to physics).

    As a graduate student myself, I've got things pretty good, but some of my friends are definitely being mistreated. One guy is working 70-hour weeks and is still getting told by his supervisor that he's not working hard enough. I'm sure that if he protested he'd quickly find himself tossed out of the group and having to start his thesis research again from scratch.
  • by Savage-Rabbit ( 308260 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:35PM (#12783047)
    ...the procedure tends to be very messy. [wikipedia.org]
  • by CyricZ ( 887944 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:35PM (#12783050)
    This situation seems very similar to that of the news media, namely due to the sources of funding.

    A scientists or news media group who must obtain their funding via commercial means will never have reliable information as their first goal.

    Their first goal will always be to obtain further funding. In the scientific world this leads to falsified results and very unscientific behavior. Similarly, in the American corporate news world, the focus is not so much on presenting the truth, but rather it is on maintaining advertisers (by not publishing articles that may "offend" such advertisers), increasing reader-/viewership by appealing to fundamentalist views, and other non-integrity related issues.

    On the other hand, when money is not a problem, the reporting is often far better. We can see examples of this in the state-funded news broadcasters such as the CBC and BBC. The reporting and journalistic integrity of such broadcasters is extremely high, as they do not need to grovel for financial support. When it comes to scientists, those who need do not need to fight tooth and nail for funding will far more often be able to produce high-quality results. That is just the nature of the game.

  • Re:Fortunately... (Score:4, Informative)

    by CaptainCarrot ( 84625 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:36PM (#12783051)
    Oh, please. This ridiculous old saw about Constantine isn't even remotely credible. It has its origins with Gibbon, who has been thoroughly discredited in this instance. Christianity had just been through the worst persecution it had ever experienced, with so many martyrs made that the Coptic Church still counts its years from the accession of the emperor responsible for it, Diocletian. (They call it the Age of the Martyrs.) Some of the participants at Nicaea were missing eyes or limbs from the tortures they suffered rather than give up the faith. It's absurd to claim that these people would just roll over because an emperor told them to. It would have been contrary to everything they believed in and inconsistent with how they had behaved up to that time.

    Constantine wanted order in the Church which was wracked with controversy over a particular theological issue, so he called the council. After convening it, he left the discussions up to the bishops, who ended up condemning Arius. Constantine was so uninterested in the theological determination that he was actually baptized on his deathbed by an Arian bishop, a fact that cannot be reconciled with the notion that he was responsible for the council's decision. It actually took a second council to finally put an end to the schism.

    Easter wasn't invented at Nicaea. It had been celebrated since the second century at least -- probably earlier; this is just when the avaiable documentary evidence was written. Of course, it wasn't called Easter, and wouldn't be until a few hundred years later when some obscure Germanic tribes were converted. It still isn't called that in most parts of the world. It's ancient and proper name by which it was known to the Fathers at Nicaea is Pascha, the Greek adaptation of the Hebrew Pesach: Passover. "Passover" and "Easter" are the same word in the Greek Bible. (What actually was done at Nicaea relative to Pascha was that a consistent method of determining when it should fall was decided upon. Before that there were a variety of methods, and different local churches were celebrating it on different days. But they were celebrating it.)

    There's no credible cultural or etymological link between "Ishtar" (whom Constantine did not worship at any point in his life) and "Easter". "Easter" comes from the Anglo-Saxon month "Eostremonath", of obscure meaning. Bede claimed it referred to a goddess named Eostre, but he is writing generations after his people converted and not from living memory. There's no contemporary mention of this goddess at all, and modern scholars have concluded that he was just guessing [religionnewsblog.com] and was probably wrong.

    Christianity always had a distinctive organization from Judaism -- note from Acts 15 that questions were not referred to the Sanhedrin but to a Christian council, with the decision announced not by a kohan or rabbi, but by the local bishop. It grew even moreso after the destruction of the Temple in 70 and the levelling of Jerusalem in 120 when the Jewish population was scattered. It was clearly not Jewish by the time Nicaea was held, even among its Semitic adherents.

    If this is your myth, you can live with it if you want, but please don't try to present it as fact. It just isn't.

  • by QMO ( 836285 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @03:43PM (#12783144) Homepage Journal
    I just read a bunch of the Bill Moyer thing (third link in parent), and he convinced me that his conclusions aren't to be trusted.

    Most of what he says may (or may not) be exactly right, but the one area of his essay that I have some (personal, studied, non-internet derived) expertise in, was definitely inaccurate and misleading.

    He may be complete honest. It is possible that the inaccuracies are perpetrated unconciously. What matters to me is that the only part of the essay that I'm sure about is wrong, so I can't trust the rest.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Friday June 10, 2005 @04:08PM (#12783449)
    Creationism (or "intelligent design") isn't a theory in the scientific sense. It isn't even a hypothesis. It's not testable in the way science demands and so shouldn't be taught in science classes. At best, it's fuzzy metaphysical speculation. If you want to "teach the controversy" do it in social studies class.
  • by centauri ( 217890 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @04:14PM (#12783522) Homepage
    Read Cecil's take. [straightdope.com]
  • Re:Creationism (Score:3, Informative)

    by 3nd32 ( 855123 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @04:21PM (#12783602)
    Biblical literalism is the term that comes to mind. Many view the first couple chapters of Genesis as figurative truth, in that it displays important principles (God's absolute power) while not being an historical account. Many Christian apologists now maintain those chapters as historically accurate, and literal truth. Another term would be "young earthers". I personally have no idea. I'd love to see a good debate between the two sides though.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Friday June 10, 2005 @05:00PM (#12784092)
    Peer review doesn't mean your peers repeat your experiments and test your conclusions. It simply means your peers read the article closely looking for obvious blunders. That's still a day's work or more (unpaid).
  • Re:Creationism (Score:5, Informative)

    by DerekLyons ( 302214 ) <fairwater@@@gmail...com> on Friday June 10, 2005 @05:58PM (#12784760) Homepage
    However, by the middle of the 19th century pretty much everyone agreed that the Earth was at least several million years old thanks to geology.
    Umm... No. Many biblical literalists never 'agreed', not in the 19th century and not now.
    The recent "Earth is only 6000 years old" movement really needs a better name, because while it's tied to creationism, it isn't exactly the same thing. The fundies started up with the insistence on 6000 years simply because it pretty much dismisses the possibility of any evolutionary processes.
    Umm... No. The '6000 year old earth' is a 19th century movement (based on a 17th? century work) in response to the work of geologists insisting the world was in fact much (*much*) older.

    As the other poster tried to point out to you, fundamentalism is *much* older than you seem to think. It's influence has waxed and waned over the centuries, but it's never been absent and rarely insignificant.

  • by tgibbs ( 83782 ) on Friday June 10, 2005 @07:24PM (#12785525)
    People may think that the review process is double-blind. Yes, that's true.

    No, it isn't. Generally reviewers get the manuscript with names attached. I don't know of any journal that does "blind" reviews.
  • by macraig ( 621737 ) <mark@a@craig.gmail@com> on Saturday June 11, 2005 @05:07AM (#12787979)
    One has to wonder... if they were dishonest enough to fudge research data, what was their motivation to give an honest response to this survey? Were they perhaps paid under the table to participate? Were those selected to participate conveniently all lapsed Catholics with guilty consciences?

One man's constant is another man's variable. -- A.J. Perlis

Working...