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New Theory Explains Periodic Mass Extinctions

Posted by Zonk on Thu Aug 02, 2007 04:12 PM
from the we're-not-due-for-a-little-while-yet dept.
i_like_spam writes "The theory that the dinosaurs were wiped out by an asteroid impact, the K-T extinction, is well known and supported by fossil and geological evidence. Asteroid impact theory does not apply to the other fluctuations in biodiversity, however, which follow an approximate 62 million-year cycle. As reported in Science, a new theory seems to explain periodic mass extinctions. The new theory found that oscillations in the Sun relative to the plane of the Milky Way correlate with changes in biodiversity on Earth. The researchers suggest that an increase in the exposure of Earth to extragalactic cosmic rays causes mass extinctions. The original paper describing the findings is available online."
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  • Only 7 million years from now, for all you long range planners. Better stock up on beans, bottled water and relocate your house 1 kilometer underground.

    It's a perfectly reasonable hypothesis, though it'll be a while before we can test it. It's always a little weird though, to think of extra-solar events as relevant on a "local" scale. I mean, in the same way that Earth is endangered by rogue meteorites and asteroids, the whole solar system is vulnerable to a rogue star or brown dwarf. Anyone ever read Jack McDevitt? He's obsessed with that sort of disaster (pun intended).

    Hard to get your mind around it...The odds are so long...

  • It burns... (Score:5, Funny)

    by unchiujar (1030510) on Thursday August 02 2007, @04:16PM (#20092117)
    Will my tinfoil hat protect me ?
  • by 140Mandak262Jamuna (970587) on Thursday August 02 2007, @04:20PM (#20092187) Journal
    What? Sun? Galactic Plane? Intergalactic Rays? You guys are watching way too many reruns of Star Trek.

    Everyone knows the extinctions were perfectly explained using the Theory of Intelligent Smiting.

  • by Pausanias (681077) <`moc.liamekaens' `ta' `20fcdnyyo'> on Thursday August 02 2007, @04:20PM (#20092193)
    Check out Figure 4 at the end of the linked paper. It shows that the periods of highest diversity coincide with the periods where the cosmic ray flux is lowest. Really amazing correlation if you ask me.
  • Or Maybe... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by MxTxL (307166) <mlutter@@@cfl...rr...com> on Thursday August 02 2007, @04:26PM (#20092319)
    The researchers suggest that an increase in the exposure of Earth to extragalactic cosmic rays causes mass extinctions.

    Or maybe, the increased radiation merely causes some periods of increased mutations... extinctions follow as species are outcompeted for resources.
  • by ggvaidya (747058) on Thursday August 02 2007, @04:26PM (#20092327) Homepage Journal

    ... extragalactic cosmic rays causes mass extinctions ...

    Can we please oh please oh please call them death rays?
  • Well... (Score:5, Funny)

    by Chouonsoku (1009817) on Thursday August 02 2007, @04:36PM (#20092491) Homepage
    I for one welcome our new cosmic ray-based overlords! (I just felt like I hadn't seen that lately. :'( Mod me as you wish. But, be gentle.)
  • by Michael Woodhams (112247) on Thursday August 02 2007, @05:07PM (#20092971) Journal
    OK, I've only read the summary (I have a lecture to give half an hour from now to prepare for) but I can see some objections:

    * My boss (David Penny, Massey University) argues that the mammals and birds were already outcompeting the dinosaurs at the end of the cretaceous, so the asteroid was at best a coup-de-grace for them.
    * The "periodic extinctions" idea has been around for decades, including the possible link to oscillations through the galactic plane.
    * Mass extinctions are sudden. The increase in extragalactic cosmic rays exposure would be slow, over millions of years.
    * The extragalactic cosmic ray exposure changes should be highly regular. The extinctions are irregular.
  • by markk (35828) on Thursday August 02 2007, @05:28PM (#20093313)
    The title of the summary is totally wrong. This has nothing to do with mass extinctions. Its looking at fossil Species and Family counts vs time correlated with Solar motion. The 62 MY cycle barely touches the Mass extinction events.
    Better summary title - "Life's Diversity changes with Solar Galactic Orbit". Or something like that.
    • by eln (21727) * on Thursday August 02 2007, @04:22PM (#20092223) Homepage
      The article suggests that this does not explain the K-T event, which is already adequately explained by the asteroid impact theory. This theory explains the cyclical decreases in biodiversity that seem to happen about once every 62 million years. The K-T event is not part of this cyclical pattern.
      • Why not? (Score:5, Insightful)

        by SatanicPuppy (611928) * <Satanicpuppy@gmai[ ]om ['l.c' in gap]> on Thursday August 02 2007, @04:43PM (#20092595) Journal
        Radiation doesn't kill things off that well. Look at Chernobyl or the Savannah river plant...Both shut down, both radioactive, both experiencing a resurgence of pretty healthy wildlife across the board.

        Lot of the things we assumed about radiation back in the day (e.g. mutants and Godzilla) have turned out to not really happen so much. DNA isn't as fragile as we assumed, and while the extra rads may kill you quicker (only live to 60 instead of 80), it's not quick enough to keep you from reproducing.

        We're not talking some kind of galactic nuke here...It's just a significant upswing in radiation. Hell, the fact that we've had these historically is maybe why the ecosystem tolerates increases in radiation so well.
      • Fewer cosmic rays mean fewer clouds will be formed, and so there will be a warmer Earth. If the sun and the solar wind are not so active, then more cosmic rays can come in. That means more clouds [reflecting away more sunlight] and a cooler Earth.

        That's odd. The post-9/11 research into the effects of jet contrails [sciencedaily.com] suggested that they have two faint effects: mild warming and mild day/night temperature moderation. But the above quote seems to contradict that.

        I am now even more suspicious of the conclusions of the contrail research, coming (as it did) in the middle of the global warming craze. Right now you can't even publish the simple observation that plants will grow usefully faster on a warmer Earth; no, you have to spin it as "OMG poison ivy will get worse!" [google.com].

        I'm ready to go nuclear/solar/wind, and drive an electric car, because I've always hated the power that petronomics gives to the backwards nations... but come on guys, can we at least give both sides a fair hearing?