Stories
Slash Boxes
Comments

News for nerds, stuff that matters

Slashdot Log In

Log In

Create Account  |  Retrieve Password

Boeing's New 787 Wings — Amazingly Flexible

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Wed Jun 27, 2007 03:27 PM
from the reed-in-the-wind dept.
An anonymous reader writes "Boeing is making the wings of its new 787 out of carbon fiber instead of metal. That means the wings are so strong and flexible that they could bend upward and touch above the fuselage — or come close. The company is expected to deliver the first 787 to All Nippon Airlines in May 2008. 'Boeing has completed static testing of a three-quarter wingbox, but engineers are still considering whether to limit testing of the full wing to a 150% load limit held for 3 sec. or to continue bending it to see when it breaks. 'There's a raging debate within the engineering team to see if we should break it or not,' says [787 General Manager Mike] Bair.'" They have come a long way in wing flexibility.
+ -
story

Related Stories

[+] Boeing Helping to Develop Algae-Powered Jet 326 comments
jon_cooper writes "Air New Zealand, Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation and Boeing are working together to develop and test a bio-fuel derived from algae. Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation began operating in May last year after it met a request from the local council to deal with excess algae on sewage ponds. Boeing's Dave Daggett was reported this year as saying algae ponds totaling 34,000 square kilometers could produce enough fuel to reduce the net CO2 footprint for all of aviation to zero."
[+] Technology: Boeing 787 Dreamliner Delayed Again 214 comments
An anonymous reader writes "It's not just that the Boeing 787 Dreamliner may be unsafe or vulnerable to hacker attacks. At this point, it seems everyone would be happy for it to arrive in any state. The 787's carbon-fiber construction and next-generation technology have pushed back their delivery schedule once again, this time requiring a redesign of the plane's wingbox. Airlines will have to wait 18 more months to get it delivered, which is an extremely serious blow to the credibility of the company and their financial standing, as they would have to pay penalties to the buyers of more than 850 of these planes. And we thought Airbus had problems." Good thing Boeing can still count on its patent portfolio.
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.
The Fine Print: The following comments are owned by whoever posted them. We are not responsible for them in any way.
 Full
 Abbreviated
 Hidden
More
Loading... please wait.
  • by chris098 (536090) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:30PM (#19667049) Homepage
    From the article:

    No one's ever really tried that before, so testing is critical.

    Since this seems like such a new concept (please correct me if I'm wrong; I don't follow plane technology too much), it would just seem prudent to try bending the wings until they break... how can they make accurate judgments and calculations without knowing exactly how much stress the wings can take before snapping?
    • by secPM_MS (1081961) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:43PM (#19667281)
      There is no need to do so. As you bend the wings enough you are going to loose lift. You need to test to a good safety factor. The testing would be very expensive. You would want the thing heavily instrumented. The amount of mechanical energy would be very large and you would have to clean the mess up afterwards.

      My doctorate is in Mechanical Engineering - Materials, in this case fracture mechanics. The fact that the wing is so strong suggests that it may be being over-designed. My graduate structures professor, who worked on the 747, point out that airplanes are designed for what might be called simultaneous mode failures -- there is no point in having the wings significantly stronger than the fuselage, as once the fuselage breaks the wings don't do you any good, you have just been carrying too much material in the wings. The same is true for all sub-systems. Hence, you have to do a very exhaustive analysis of the expected situations and make sure that all of them are appropriately covered, then you add a safety factor.

      Typically, fatigue cracking has been the limiting factor in aircraft structures, and has caused numerous crashes. With the experience that has been gained in military programs, we should now know enough to use these composites properly.

      • by nelsonal (549144) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:37PM (#19667175) Journal
        It's potentially more dangerous than an alumnium wing, 150+% of design load has to be a substantial amount of energy stored in the wing, and while aluminum will deform in failure (converting most of the energy to heat) carbon fiber seems more likely to shatter.
        • by steveo777 (183629) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:51PM (#19667397) Homepage Journal
          What I think will happen is that tips will meet. They'll try to compress the wings vertically, but before any definitive results are in, there will be a very loud "SPROING" in which case, the wings will be freed from their restraints. They will smash toward ground, propelling the plane into the air. As they bounce back to equilibrium the wings will flap carrying the plane roughly 1000km in the direction it was pointed. Eliminating the need for any fuels on short trips. Carbon Fiber FTW!
  • Why (not)? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by borizz (1023175) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:31PM (#19667063)
    You could, instead of downright trying to see how much it will take, try to get it up to 200% (or something, I'm not an aerospace engineer) and see for how long it can hold up to extremes like that. Might be more valuable data. Maybe someone more in the know can elaborate.
    • Well... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by StressGuy (472374) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:45PM (#19667305)
      The actual requirement from Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 25, Subpart C, paragraph 303 is where ultimate load definition comes from:

      Unless otherwise specified, a factor of safety of 1.5 must be applied to the prescribed limit load which are considered external loads on the structure. When a loading condition is prescribed in terms of ultimate loads, a factor of safety need not be applied unless otherwise specified

      The three second requirement comes out of paragraph 305(b):

      (b) The structure must be able to support ultimate loads without failure for at least 3 seconds. However, when proof of strength is shown by dynamic tests simulating actual load conditions, the 3-second limit does not apply. Static tests conducted to ultimate load must include the ultimate deflections and ultimate deformation induced by the loading. When analytical methods are used to show compliance with the ultimate load strength requirements, it must be shown that--
      (1) The effects of deformation are not significant;
      (2) The deformations involved are fully accounted for in the analysis; or
      (3) The methods and assumptions used are sufficient to cover the effects of these deformations.


      If our intrepid engineers manage to test to 200% for 3 second, then somebody is going to come along and say, "let's see if we can make the wings lighter"

      Good thing or bad thing?....depends upon your point of view I guess.

      As it turns out, validating airframe structures with respect to FAA airworthiness requirements is kinda what I do for a living.
  • by powerpants (1030280) * on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:32PM (#19667087)
    Pull them back, let them go, and... BOEINNNNG!
  • by chill (34294) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:36PM (#19667163) Homepage Journal
    If any article screams out for a Slashdot poll, this one is it.

    1. Chicken out and don't break 'em
    2. See how far they go and post it to YouTube
    3. Orinthop mode! Pull 'em back and let 'em flap!
    4. Cowboy Neal
  • by N3WBI3 (595976) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:38PM (#19667181) Homepage
    Does it really matter if, because of how they are bent, you lose lift?
    • What? (Score:5, Informative)

      by msauve (701917) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:54PM (#19667443)
      The engineers at Boeing are smart enough to design the wing for optimal performance under normal conditions. That includes whatever wing bending occurs under nominal conditions.

      If the aircraft is experiencing extreme conditions which are bending the wing excessively, then you _want_ to lose lift, rather than stress the wing and airframe more. Kind of like how sailors change to smaller sails during storms.
  • "They have come a long way from even just a year ago."

    The linked video may have been uploded about a year ago, but it cites as its source a PBS production from 1995. (Which, incidentally, is discussing an entirely different airplane, the 777.)
  • by G4from128k (686170) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:41PM (#19667233)
    Thin flexible wings date back to the Boeing B-47. Up until this plane appeared in 1947, planes tended to have thick rigid wing structures. Advances in aeronautics, fluid dynamics, and structure design enabled engineers to create thin flexible swept wings that offered lower drag at high speed without flutter or breakage. The wings of B-47 (and B-52) were so floppy, they needed outrigger wheels to keep the wings from dragging on the ground during landings and take-offs.
  • Don't break it (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Broken scope (973885) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:41PM (#19667239) Homepage
    A bit of wisdom from a Retired Boeing exec who I forgot the name of.

    The story was about one of the earlier Boeing's, they had stressed the wing to like 10 times any theoretical force that could be possibly placed on it during a rather publicized testing of its strength. They test folks were all about trying to break it.

    During the process of doing this an exec asked them what they were doing. "Breaking the wing" they replied.
    The exec said No, stop the testing.

    Why? the testers asked.
    Because the headline won't read ,

    "Boeing wing breaks at 40 times the stress encountered during possible flight conditions",

    Instead it will read

    "New wing of new Boeing Jet Breaks".

    Please note Its been awhile since I heard that story, but I think the point is pretty clear.
  • by Taimat (944976) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:57PM (#19667489)
    Ladies and Gentlemen, this is your captain speaking... If you take a look out the windows on the left side of the plane, you will notice our right wing....
  • The fact that the 787 is a "plastic airplane" will get a lot of play, and having wings that bend, potentially to the point that they will tough, is just the most obvious and mediagenic manifestation of that. But it is just the tip of the iceberg of the innovations.

    1) Yes, it's almost completely carbon fiber. This means that the plane can (and is) lighter, so it will be more fuel efficient. Also, it's easy to make complex curved shapes, so the wings and fuselage are slightly more aerodynamic. Because carbon fiber structures are so strong, the windows can be larger, and the plane can be pressurized to a lower altitude (it will be pressurized to 6000' instead of the typical 8000' of today's fleet). There is no corrosion, and little worry about fatigue in composites.

    2) The plane is not built in Seattle, although that's where the final assembly takes place. All of the building takes place in multiple facilities around the globe, each producing parts to Boeing's plans. These parts will "snap together" in the Everett plant. The first 787 is being assembled right now, and will roll out on 7/8/7 (just over a week from now.) Apparently the left wing was off by 2 thousands of an inch or so, the right wing was absolutely perfect. Boeing converted three 747's to be gigantic cargo transporters to move all the parts from around the world to Everett.

    3) The plane has almost completely electric, without the high-pressure pneumatic systems that older planes had. In particular, the AC systems are electric. This will be somewhat more efficient, and safer.

    4) The plan for certification of the plane is borderline insane. The final assembly started a couple of weeks ago, and the plane will be rolled out in a week, the first flight will be in a couple of months, and the first delivery will be in Q2 2008. This is a tiny fraction of the time this process required on previous airplanes -- maybe 1/4 the time of the 777 and even less than that of the latest Airbus. This would be remarkable, even if the plane wasn't revolutionary in every other way, too!

    5) Aviation Week and Space Technology visited the final assembly line recently, and were surprised to find that it was almost an empty building. That's not because they weren't ready -- that's because there are almost no tools needed to assemble the plane. They snap together the pieces, install the landing gear, and roll it down the building on its gear installing the various subassemblies. Boeing intends to assemble a plane every three days once they get going, a remarkable and unprecedented schedule.

    Anyway -- there are so many revolutions in this airplane that I would have thought it was a scam if it was any other company than Boeing. It remains to be seen if they can meet their goals, but so far things are going remarkably according to the plan they laid out a few years ago.

    Thad
    • Re:Nothing new (Score:5, Informative)

      by Cobalt Jacket (611660) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:38PM (#19667185)
      You are joking, right? Assembly of the first A350 won't even begin for about 5 years. It's not at design freeze. The 787 is about to roll out, and first flight is in a few months.
      • Re:Nothing new (Score:5, Informative)

        by badasscat (563442) <basscadet75@[ ]oo.com ['yah' in gap]> on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:52PM (#19667403) Homepage
        You are joking, right? Assembly of the first A350 won't even begin for about 5 years. It's not at design freeze. The 787 is about to roll out, and first flight is in a few months.

        Yeah, it kind of reminds me of when Airbus called Boeing's composite barrel design "old fashioned" [nwsource.com]!

        Bearing in mind that nobody has produced such a design yet, including Airbus. Until Boeing did it a couple of weeks ago, that is.

        The A350 was designed in direct response to the 787, which surprised Airbus in the amount of interest it received (they had at the time placed their bets on the now-troubled A380 program, which may never break even). Saying the 787 copied any of the A350's design or construction methods is getting it completely backwards.
    • Re:Nothing new (Score:5, Informative)

      by Hays (409837) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:39PM (#19667197)
      Both companies have been using carbon fiber. The 787 uses an unprecedented amount of it. You can't say it's nothing new by citing an Airbus project that doesn't have a scheduled delivery until 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A350 [wikipedia.org]
    • by Cobalt Jacket (611660) on Wednesday June 27 2007, @03:40PM (#19667231)
      The point of the 787 is to fly further, more cheaply. So while costing less to fly, it is also supposed to do to the Pacific what the Boeing 767 did to the Atlantic market. That is, the 767 brought in a revolution of being able to connect mid-sized cities on both continents, rather than forcing people to go through hubs on larger aircraft such as the 747 or DC-10.