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Science

Harvard Physicists Make Light Dance 109

tetrikphimvin and others clued us to the latest work by Harvard's Lene Vestergaard Hau, being published today in the journal Nature. The NYTimes has a good layman's overview of how Hau's team encoded a light beam in a clump of atoms and later reconstituted it elsewhere. The Harvard Gazette offers additional details, a photo, and video links.
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Harvard Physicists Make Light Dance

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  • Ok, but next time I lead...
    • In other news, scientists from Harlem University have succeeded in making sound waves bop to cool jazz tracks. Said Doctor Miles Davis, "We plan to move the high notes uptown soon."
  • relativity (Score:2, Interesting)

    by cpearson ( 809811 )
    If you slow light down wouldnt that also effect the rate of time that the photon experience.

    Vista Help Forum [vistahelpforum.com]
    • Re:relativity (Score:5, Interesting)

      by TexVex ( 669445 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @02:06PM (#17937340)
      If I understand correctly, light travels more slowly through translucent substances because the photons are being absorbed and re-emitted by the electrons in them. The photons travel at c until they hit an atom's electron shell. The electron absorbs the photon, quantum leaps to a higher energy state, then immediately releases the absorbed energy as another photon and returns to its rest state. That whole process takes time, effectively slowing down a pulse of light. The light is still travelling at c between atoms.

      In the experiment being discussed in the article, it sounds like they are stopping the process at the point where the photons have been absorbed by matter, and delaying their being re-emitted for quite a long time (relatively speaking). The light is being stopped, but not by causing photons to travel more slowly than c. It's being stopped by keeping the photons' energy bottled up inside the Bose-Einstein condensate.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        by Anonymous Coward
        Your explaination seemed wrong to me, since wavelengths too long to be absorbed by electrons also slow in a dense medium. From wikipedia:

        It is sometimes claimed that light is slowed on its passage through a block of media by being absorbed and re-emitted by the atoms, only travelling at full speed through the vacuum between atoms. This explanation is incorrect and runs into problems if you try to use it to explain the details of refraction beyond the simple slowing of the signal. Classically, considering

      • by mrmeval ( 662166 )
        Could the energy be bouncing back and forth between atoms? And where is the energy to continue this coming from?
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday February 08, 2007 @12:03PM (#17935626)

    Harvard Physicists Make Light Dance
    Then they slowly loaded their six shooters while chewing on a half burnt cigar and make it dance again. They then told light to leave town or it would be pushing up roses. The Harvard townspeople danced joyously and there was much rejoicing.
    • They then told light to leave town or it would be pushing up roses.
      It's daisies, pardner. Dead varmints push up daisies.
  • are you going faster than the speed of light? How does this jibe with relativity?
    • by CaffeineAddict2001 ( 518485 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @12:15PM (#17935804)
      Relativity is concerned with the speed of light in a vacuum. Anytime light passes through a substance it is slowed down. It's not much different than walking past a cup of water.
      • Relativity is concerned with the speed of light in a vacuum. Anytime light passes through a substance it is slowed down. It's not much different than walking past a cup of water.

        As I understand it, light doesn't slow down when passing through a substance. It travels with it's usual velocity of c, but merely takes the scenic route to it's destination.
      • by BitterOak ( 537666 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @04:13PM (#17939144)
        That's absolutely correct. In fact, it is quite common for particles to travel through a medium faster than light travels through that medium. That is the principle behind how a Cherenkov detector [wikipedia.org] works.
    • Re: (Score:1, Insightful)

      by CybrPwca ( 796962 )
      IANAP (I am not a physicist), but as I understand it relativity has no problem here. You cannot travel faster than light in your current frame of reference. The slowed or stopped light is in a different frame than you are. Anything in the same conditions as the light should be slowed as well.
      • by Hucko ( 998827 )
        "IANAP (I am not a physicist)"

        Was it quicker to post an acronym, then the explanation of what you meant? I don't mean to be rude; I am genuinely confused about this practice. If you explain it to me I may do it to :)
        • by exp(pi*sqrt(163)) ( 613870 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @01:07PM (#17936486) Journal
          If you say "IANAP" in your post it gives you a license to say whatever you like about physics. Here's an example:

          IANAP but I think that when virtual particles interact in a magnetic field then in the frame of reference of a photon the wavefunction collapse allows faster than light communication except when in violation of the second law of thermodynamics.

          • I love you.
          • by Hucko ( 998827 )
            I understand the meaning of the acronym, but not the reason for the explanation following it.

            One uses an acronym to reduce the characters used to explain a topic, useful when limits are imposed on message lengths (such as text messages). But 1. I was unaware that /. had a limit on message length, and 2. the explanation for the use of a acronym makes the acronym itself redundant. If one wants to save characters or time, :s, explaining the acronym is self-defeating and illogical. (Is self-defeating illogic
            • One possible explanation is that by using the two forms simultaneously enough times it promotes the use of IANAP as a synonym for "I am not a physicist" and eventually the author can drop the more verbose form because it will be understood from the acronym. But I prefer my explanation: IANAP is an idiom with its own meaning and the author wanted to stress that it is also literally true.
            • Re: (Score:1, Offtopic)

              by et764 ( 837202 )
              The use of "IANAP (I am not a physicist)" increases the redundancy, which is useful for error checking and correction. Suppose there was a glitch in transmission, and you received just "IANAW." You'd have no idea what it was or even that there was an error, so you might assume the poster meant "I am not a wombat." If the poster omitted the acronym and there were a transmission error you might receive "I am not a Shysicist," and you'd have no way of knowing there was a transmission error. However, if you
          • Ehm...are you interested in a Star Trek writer position? CBS/Paramount has an empty slot.
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        You cannot travel faster than light in your current frame of reference.

        What is a "frame of reference"? What does it mean to be "in a frame of reference"? What does it mean for one thing to be in a different "frame of reference" to another?

        Why is it that when people talk about physics they completely discard most of the contents of their brain and start spouting drivel. Just speak ordinary English and you'll find that your physics makes sense too. A frame of reference is nothing more than some rulers and

        • Frame of reference (Score:5, Informative)

          by DAtkins ( 768457 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @01:35PM (#17936918) Homepage
          Hee hee... that's funny, despite the fact that it's wrong.

          Frame of reference is an idea that actually had it's beginnings in Einstein's work. The idea being, can a person determine the absolute velocity of [something]. For example, from the frame of reference of the earth, my car goes 65 miles per hour. From the frame of reference of the sun, my car goes 2.9 km/s (because the earth moves that fast around the sun.

          Why is this important? Well, Einstein used this to question why the speed of light seemed constant despite your frame of reference. On a ball of rock orbiting the sun at 2.9 km/s, the speed of light is c. On the surface of the sun (which has no orbital velocity in comparison to the earth), the speed of light is still c. From the frame of reference of the center of the galaxy (where the sun has extremely high relative velocity - which I'm too lazy to look up) the speed of light is still c.

          Which means that, either the speed of light somehow knows how fast you are going and adjusts itself (which is, of course, retarded) or there is something about spacetime that makes it seem that way. Hence the general theory of relativity was developed to explain it. (Which, in case you are curious, states that the ruler that you are using lenghtens or shortens depending on your "frame of reference")

          So, it's actually quite important.
          • You are so misinformed I have no idea where to start

            Frame of reference is an idea that actually had it's beginnings in Einstein's work

            No it didn't. I don't think this point needs arguing. A frame of reference is an ordinary everyday concept that has been in use by physicists and mathematicians for centuries.

            For example, from the frame of reference of the earth, my car goes 65 miles per hour.

            Ah...at least you're giving me enough information to tell me what you mean by "your frame". By "the frame of X" yo

        • by mstahl ( 701501 )
          Judging by your post, the "IANAP" label applies best to you.
          • Why not actually contribute some content? If I'm wrong, say why, that way either you or I will learn something. If you have a talent beyond recycling old quips, why not use it? (FWIW I got my PhD in theoretical physics.)
            • I'm guessing we won't be seeing a reply to this. A doctorate in the topic suggests a nontrivial amount of knowledge in the subject. And just plain trumps his wannabe academic butt. :)
      • by mstahl ( 701501 )

        It has nothing to do with frames of reference. One of the conclusions of the special theory of relativity is that light's speed in a vacuum (c) is a constant in all frames of reference. The rule here is that you can't move faster than light does in a vacuum.

        This is because as you approach the speed of light, various physical properties of your frame start to break down as viewed from other frames (in your frame of reference you're not moving at all; it's everyone else who sees you blazing by at light spee

    • are you going faster than the speed of light? How does this jibe with relativity?
      an interesting observation.
    • If you attempted to travel next to the trapped light while in the same conditions, you would die almost instantly. Keep in mind that this is at near absolute zero.
    • I'm hardly an expert in relativity, but from what I remember, relativity only comes into play when speeds of an object come within close order of the speed of light in a vacuum. Scientists have on several occasions experimented with slowing down, or even stopping light Slow Light Experiments [wikipedia.org]
  • by __aaclcg7560 ( 824291 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @12:04PM (#17935658)
    Stop playing Dance Dance Revolution and get back to work! There's nothing in the research contract about getting physical on the job!
  • Meanwhile (Score:5, Funny)

    by roguegramma ( 982660 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @12:06PM (#17935670) Journal
    Meanwhile, in Russia, light makes physicists dance.
  • acid (Score:3, Funny)

    by chia_monkey ( 593501 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @12:06PM (#17935674) Journal
    It's called acid maaaaaan. The lights were dancing, the reds tasted soooo good. Purple had a funky smell to it though...
    • Re:acid (Score:5, Informative)

      by spun ( 1352 ) <loverevolutionary&yahoo,com> on Thursday February 08, 2007 @12:41PM (#17936070) Journal
      Acid is for wimps. If you really want to see light dance, you want N,N-DMT [wikipedia.org] or 5MeO-DMT [wikipedia.org]. There is also no way to stop it from utterly demolishing your ego, so ego based people should NOT try it.
      • Makes me want to introduce it to a few investment bankers out there...*smirk*
        • by spun ( 1352 )
          One woman I saw take it had an unusually good reaction. What should have been a 10-20 minute trip turned into an hour long, full-body orgasm. Or at least that's what it looked and sounded like. Another guy I knew took it and thought he had died. He was incredibly depressed because he thought this was the afterlife and it was exactly like his real life. It took him a month to get over it. I took too much once and stood on my thumbs for half an hour. They still aren't the same. You used to (c. 2001) be able t
          • Seriously. I'd like to see a video of an hour-long full-body orgasm.....
            • by spun ( 1352 )
              Honestly, since it wasn't what any of us were expecting, it wasn't that fun. After about 15 minutes it was kind of scary. She was just kind of moaning and writhing about. She had a big smile on her face so we weren't too scared. After she regained consciousness she said it was absoulutely awesome. The rest of us were kind of jealous.
              • Man, that does sound awesome! AND scary. heh.. I'd pay for that. I'd pay for video of that too. You should get her to write about it. Hook me up with the RSS feed, man.

                heh

                • by spun ( 1352 )
                  There's another, more reliable full body orgasm drug, or so I've heard, I've never tried it. It's perfectly legal but expensive. Xenon gas. Mix it 1 to 5 with pure oxygen. Inhale deeply and you'll get a full body orgasm for as long as you can hold your breath, which should be at least five minutes since you are breathing 80% pure oxygen. It still works out to about $20 a hit, though. Again, I got this all second hand, so take it with a grain of salt, although wikipedia does claim it can be used as a general
                  • I've always liked the word Xenon. In fact, I thought I made it up around age 5 and later discovered it was an actual element, but maybe I subconciously heard it. Anyway -- good to know. I'll keep my eye out for xenon in dark alleys. heh.
                  • Someone is pulling your leg, xenon is inert. Breathing in pure oxygen and holding your breath for five minutes might have some effect, but the xenon won't have more effect than helium or argon.
                    • by spun ( 1352 )
                      Uh, read the wikipedia entry. Or if you don't trust wiki, read the references listed therein. They are (or will be) using Xenon as an anaesthetic in Europe. It's not as inert as you might think.
          • I think I have full body orgasms. I don't use any drugs though.
      • by shawb ( 16347 )
        Heh. I just finished watching Fear Factor for the first time in... I don't know how long. Ahh... Joe Rogan [youtube.com]. NSFW due to language.
      • by mrmeval ( 662166 )
        I'm more partial to dihydrogen monooxide myself, coupled with fluid extract of ground DEA agents it's supreme.

  • Sounds a whole lot like particle entanglement. Any comments with respect to that?
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      by w33t ( 978574 )
      Entaglement is featured in this experiment, but I do not think the photons are being entangled, per se.

      The device being used for this experiment is a Magneto Optical Trap [wikipedia.org]. This cool-ass device uses lasers and magnetism to suspend a cloud of ultra-cold atoms in a bonafide Bose-Einstein condensate. This is a state in which all the particles act together as though they were a single, very large, particle. I believe they are entagled - but of course, I Am Not A Physicist.

      Apparently the ultra-cold environment of
      • While you need a MOT to make a BEC, it is only the initial trapping and cooling stage. To get to BEC, the atoms need to be cooled even more using evaporative cooling [wikipedia.org], which you cannot do in a MOT. You either evaporatively cool in a pure magnetic trap or in an optical dipole trap.

        If you want to know more about BEC, Physics 2000 [colorado.edu] is a good place to start.

  • Hope it wasn't the electric slide [slashdot.org]. ;)
  • Hau's team stopped light for one-thousandth of a second. Atomically speaking, "this is an amazingly long time," Hau notes.


    Head asplodes...
    • Head asplodes...

      Implodes or Explodes, but there is not such word as asplode, unless this has something to do with getting shifted to where the light does not shine?
  • Currently, optical signals need to be changed into electronic ones for processing and then changed back into light. All-optical devices could save on costs and power use.

    Is it that cheap to create a Bose-Einstein cloud? Okay, Corporations would be able to afford it but only for extremely critical applications. A case of worse being just good enough.

    And I am stumbling over how slowing light down by such a relatively large degree would end up with a reasonably valuable increase of calculation speed. We d

  • I don't understand all of the technical aspects. But could this be the method of bending light around an object to create a cloak of invisibility? There was some talk a few months back about making light bend around objects and re-appear on the other side thus rendering them invisible if you may recall. Looks like this may be a possibility soon and the only question left now is what to do with my super-evil invisibility powers!
  • it will do the Macarena, and the universe will suddenly stop expanding and collapse in on the dancing light faster than, er...light.
  • by Dr J. keeps the nerd ( 1061562 ) on Thursday February 08, 2007 @01:12PM (#17936564)
    Though the Nature newsbrief doesn't mention her, the lead author and the main experimentalist was Naomi Ginsberg, a PhD student in Lene Hau's lab. You can read the article abstract on Nature's website: http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature0549 3 [nature.com] The AFP wire item also gives credit where credit is due: http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/1028 [cosmosmagazine.com]
  • Hau's team encoded a light beam in a clump of atoms and later reconstituted it elsewhere

    With any luck, they can put these atoms in a phial to be released when all other lights are dark. I know someone who could really use it.

    Any technology sufficiently advanced is indistinguishable from magic.

  • I'm not a physicist, so I may not "get it." But what's exciting about finding out that if you put a bunch of junk in front of a light beam, the light doesn't get through?


    My hamster, Melvin, is slow when he's cold and "stops" light. Coincidentally, he can then "release" the light when hit with a laser.

  • Anybody notice the 2001 date on the webpage? Is that an error at Harvard or is this a really old article?
    • From the article:

      "Two years ago we slowed it down to 38 miles an hour; now we've been able to park it then bring it back up to full speed."


      Well, if the 38 miles per hour development was in 1999 [cnn.com] and the article states that development occurred two years ago, I would guess that this is a really, really old article.

  • by Chacham ( 981 )
    Harvard Physicists Make Light Dance

    It's about time those stuffed-shirts had some fun. And being it's just a "light" dance, they won't even break a sweat.
  • turn up the beegees again :))

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