Super Bowl Footballs Get The DNA Touch

theodp writes "All 120 Super Bowl XL footballs will be marked with a drop of synthetic DNA to thwart potential counterfeiters (free reg. required to read) who might be tempted to sell phony game-used Super Bowl footballs, which can be worth thousands of dollars. Exposed to a specific laser frequency, the DNA glows to a bright green. 'The chance of replicating this exact DNA sequence is one in 33 trillion,' said the president of PSA/DNA Authentication Services."

Unless...

Someone pilfers the documents from PSA/DNA.

Perhaps

33 trillion to 1? Yeah right. All a counterfeiter needs do is make it glow roughly the same green. No need to actually replicate the DNA sequence: no-one will actually check that anyway!

Re:Perhaps

Depends on how much that football actually is worth. Say for example such a football sold for a hundred thousand dollars. In this case, it would be worth paying a few grand to have the DNA sequence tested and verified for authenticity.

Now if it's worth only a grand, chances are some sucker will plunk his cash down without actually going through all the trouble. In such cases, getting away with counterfeiting is much more likely.

Re:Perhaps

Someone stupid enough to waste "thousands of dollars" on a misshapen ball should be easy enough to fall for the simplest of forgeries anyway.

Re:Perhaps

And who's going to have one of those very specifically-tuned lasers to check them with?

Re:Perhaps

Ok, here we go.

DNA oxidizes, right? I mean I'm just a lowly ex-research biologist who only worked with the stuff for a period of about 3.5 years; however, I wouldn't expect that base sequence pair to hold together for very long.

Plus DNA doesn't glow green (unless they've discovered something new). There are dyes that can work their way into the double helix and make it appear red (due to the dye being red), but shining a laser at DNA would probably result in a lot of disconnected (or abnormally bonded) base pairs, and a broken (or oxidized) ribose backbone.

I'm suspecting that they are actually tagging the DNA covalently with a flourescent marker that glows green. Such "bonded" markers have been available for quite some time (and in a variety of colors), so such dyes would be easily available to the football engineers (hehe) out there. As the parent poster suggested, then all you would have to do is add the marker to the existing DNA on any old football, and apart from sampling and sequencing the DNA, most people would be statisfied at first glance.

Even though DNA sequencing is getting cheaper every day (I imagine a private individual would have to pay a bit more, but in-house services usually charge around $4 to $8 per sample) so cost won't be a factor. However, the results can be forged, and not many people will tolerate "oversampling" of their prized $5000 football. "Excuse me sir, by may I take a slice?"

Finally, the DNA would oxidize over time, leaving less and less material that would test positive.

Provided that the base pair sequence is published (as it would have to be to allow verification), then sequencing it from scratch is a little more expensive, but an everyday task. And don't get into "authentic" vs. "knock-off" molecule debates please: if all of the atoms are in the same places, the orgins of both molecules are indistinguishable.

What would be cooler is to transgenically insert a sequence into pig zygotes that produces a protein which resists oxidation and flouresces with laser light. Then the whole football would glow, but it's glow would increase with intensity of the right wavelength. Players might complain about it being harder to see a slightly glowing football, but such complaints usually fall on deaf ears, and it's not like the football design never changes (or that we lack "neon" footballs today).

Re:Perhaps

All a counterfeiter needs do is make it glow roughly the same green. No need to actually replicate the DNA sequence: no-one will actually check that anyway!

I assume that they're just attaching a flourescent molecule to the DNA so they can find it for sequencing when there's a dispute about authenticity. Of course, there's nothing to stop anyone from sequencing the DNA on an authentic ball, and then synthesizing more DNA with the same sequence. It's only 22 or 23 bases, and you can order customized DNA of that length pretty cheaply from many companies that do that sort of thing.

I'm not sure where they came up with the "33 trillion" figure, though. There are about 17.6 trillion (4^22) possible different 22-base strands, and 70.4 trillion possible 23-base strands...

Re:Perhaps

Mmmmh... Woolite.

Re:Perhaps

I hope everyone is aware that this expensive, complex anti-counterfeiting setup is just begging to be broken by some sort of extremely simply method.

Yeah, I bet those pesky Taiwanese have got a flourescent green pig breeding program set up already.

http [slashdot.org]

Full text

Here's the text of the article for easy read:

DETROIT -- Super Bowl XL comes with a guarantee: Every football -- all 120 of them -- will be dropped.
That is, each will be marked with a drop of synthetic DNA to thwart potential counterfeiters who might be tempted to sell phony "game-used" Super Bowl footballs, which can be worth thousands of dollars. Exposed to a specific laser frequency, the DNA glows to a bright green.
"The ball can change hands a thousand-plus times, but it will never lose that DNA," said Joe Orlando, president of PSA/DNA Authentication Services, a division of Santa Ana-based Collector's Universe Inc., which for the sixth consecutive year marked the Super Bowl footballs. "The chance of replicating this exact DNA sequence is one in 33 trillion, so it's virtually impossible."
The NFL has prepared 10 dozen Wilson footballs for Sunday's game between the Pittsburgh Steelers and Seattle Seahawks and plans to use a new one on every play of the first half, before going to a 12-ball rotation after halftime. It's something the league has done for several Super Bowls, donating some to charity auctions, setting aside others for selected players, coaches and officials, and sending the one used on the opening kickoff to the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
"You have to guard that one like your life depends on it," said Mike Pereira, supervisor of NFL officials.
Some players said they would be holding on a little extra tight too.
Steeler receiver Antwaan Randle El was caught off guard when informed about the continuous shuttle of new pigskin.
"Every play? I didn't know that," he said Wednesday. "That's not good.
"It's slick, it's slippery. Even when you go to tuck it, the ball's prone to come out a little more often than normal."
Added quarterback Charlie Batch, backup for Steeler starter Ben Roethlisberger: "If they're not broken in, that could present a problem. But it shouldn't be a problem for Ben because he wears a glove. I don't think that necessarily would affect him, but that could affect anybody [else] who has to touch the ball. It's a little more slick and the laces aren't broken in."
And the grip is a concern even for those who don't catch or carry the ball.
"You get those new balls that are right out of the bag, that's an issue," said Greg Warren, Pittsburgh's long snapper, whose job it is to accurately hike the ball back on field-goal attempts, conversion kicks and punts. "You just have to make sure you stay focused. Because if that ball slips just a little bit, it makes a big difference.
"For me, if the ball slips out too soon, I'm going to get a real low snap. So I have to be aware of that. But I don't want to grip it too hard, because if you grip it too long it's going to go high."
Said Carolina receiver Steve Smith, who played in the Super Bowl two years ago: "It's no big deal. You can't even tell. We play with new balls all the time."
But New England tight end Christian Fauria, who played in the last two Super Bowls, says of the balls: "Quarterbacks and kickers definitely know the difference between a good one and a bad one.... It's like handing a pitcher a brand-new baseball after every pitch. They like to scuff it up."
To break in the footballs, the NFL uses a machine similar to an electric golf-shoe buffer. It's quicker and more effective than rubbing each by hand.
"They really take the rain protectant off of them, which kind of acts like Vaseline at times," Seattle kicker Josh Brown said. "But as much as we play in bad weather and the rain up there in Seattle, it shouldn't be a problem."
New footballs, old footballs, Seahawk receiver Darrell Jackson said he doesn't have a preference.
"My job is to catch it," he said. "Doesn't matter if it's slick, or if it's wet, or if it doesn't have enough grip on it. Whatever ball's out there, I'll just hold on tight."
Teammate Robbie Tobeck, a center, doesn't seem worried either: "We use new balls every game. I haven't had a problem with it at all."
NFL kickers and punters always have

Re:Full text

In a related story, Seattle Seahawks Quarterback Matt Hasselbeck is reported to have been hospitalized follow the game this Sunday for strange growths on his hands and forearms.

DNA on footballs?

Eww... doesn't anyone wash their hands anymore?

Fuck LATimes reg; real link.

From the horse's mouth:

NFL Again Uses PSA/DNA to Prevent Super Bowl Footballs Fraud [psacard.com]

Ewwwwww

Who would want to buy a football stained with semen, not to mention pummeled and pounced up on by almost two dozen sweaty heavy guys for two hours non-stop?

Billions, so what?

Who cares about the probability of replicating the exact sequence? What is the probability that an arbitrary sequence DNA will glow under that light?

Re:Billions, so what?

The DNA they are using glows at a very specific light frequency. I imagine they don't share and tell exactly what that frequency is, though.

Re:Billions, so what?

If they don't tell anyone, I guess they're willing to go around testing all 10,000 footballs everyone is thinking about bidding for on ebay.

odds

The chance of replicating this exact DNA sequence is one in 33 trillion

Never tell me the odds!

What about DNA replicating chemicals?

IANA molecular biologist, but isn't there a pretty common process for taking trace DNA, then duplicating it en masse for crime scene investigation?

Re:What about DNA replicating chemicals?

IANA molecular biologist, but isn't there a pretty common process for taking trace DNA, then duplicating it en masse for crime scene investigation?

Neither am I, but I believe this may be what you're referring to:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chai [wikipedia.org]

Business plan

1) Purchase legitimate game ball for 'thousands' 2) Extract DNA sequence and replicate using PCR or actually sequence it and then create more 3) ... 4) Profit !

PSA / DNA Authentication Services Methodology

1) Slaughter a pig.
2) Slice the hide into 120 footballs.
3) Serve the leftovers as bacon during the pre-game tailgate.

All the footballs have the same DNA.

The glow is related to the discount the company received by purchasing from Chernobyl pig farmers.

...damn, they're foolish.

What the hell is stopping a counterfitting group from sequencing the DNA and replicating it?

I mean, they're willing to go the distance to make the balls looks authentic, it can be done.

Not only that...

my bet is that the odds stated in the article are for guessing the sequence. The tech is cool, but the retards deciding on using the tech could use some work.

Re:...damn, they're foolish.

Screw sequencing it. All you need to do is get a sample, mix it in with polychromase, and add a little heat to PCR the heck out of it. Its a laboratory procedure that high school science students can complete -- I should know, because I did it in AP biology. Congratulations, you know have a big container of paste that glows green under a specific frequency of light, for less than $100 in easily available ingridients (Popular Science magazine probably sells do-it-yourself-DNA-experiment-kits in the back). Add in one football and you're done.

Hot air

There are probably nuggets of truth in the claim, but first of all DNA does not glow green. Perhaps they used fancy synthetic nucleotide analogs with a fluorescent label? Otherwise, they just spiked cheap marker dye into the mix, separate from the DNA. Fur

$5.00 PayPal Donation...

To the first person who sends me a photograph of a wealthy net-savvy Nigerian businessman smiling and holding up a genuine fake Super Bowl XXL Football.

The U.S. has a huge trade deficit. Why aren't we exporting this junk?

I'll take those odds

"The chance of replicating this exact DNA sequence is one in 33 trillion, so it's virtually impossible."

I'm not saying that the chances of replicating the exact sequence are good, but you figure people involved in sport would know better than to assign odds that long.

Working from known sequences that fluoresce under laser stimulation, I bet they could narrow the odds down, to say, oh, a billion to one. Not that it matters, since what they'll be testing is not the base sequence, but instead whether laser + pig bladder = fluorescence.

So beating their test just means guessing the frequency of the laser.

I'll bet $100 on 100,000 different reproducable frequencies ($10M in bets) and I figure one of them will hit... even if they take a 5% vig, I'm still making out with 3.135 QUADRILLION dollars.

Take that, Dr. Evil.

From the you-oughtta-know-me-by-now Dept

1 in 33 trillion is still only a finite improbability, and now that I know the figures, I just need a cup of really hot tea and I'll have myself a goldmine of counterfeit footballs...

And for the rest of us?

Exposed to a specific laser frequency, the DNA glows to a bright green. 'The chance of replicating this exact DNA sequence is one in 33 trillion,' said the president

And the chances of a potential purchaser having the specific laser to verify their purchase? About one in 35 trillion...

Go Natural

Am I missing something here? Why not just make the pig skins from green pigs [bbc.co.uk] in the first place. Try replicating that in your backyard.

Who cares?

If someone's stupid enough to pay thousands of dollars to buy a football just because it was supposedly used in a Superbowl game, then they deserve it if they get conned.

Similarly, I don't get all these auctions where an article of clothing sells for huge sums of money simply because a celebrity wore it once. Why's it suddenly worth so much more than getting the exact same thing from a store?

Re:Who cares?

It shouldn't be "who cares" but more "Why does the NFL care?"

Seriously, I could go into how they should be focused on making sure all the Refs are ready and that the Instant Replay is ready, but put that aside and question why the NFL is making sure that g

Security through obscurity (sort of) and human eng

I'll bet that the odds are less than 33 trillion to one that you could bribe someone who works for the synthetic DNA company to pilfer a sample for you.

Pig DNA

Why not just sequence the DNA of the leather? Pigs have DNA too.

Re:120?

Well you figure 2 teams, 30 players each. Yeah it comes out to 120. No wait, you need a football, so 121.

Re:120?

they need 120 balls for one game?

Is it guaranteed that each multi-thousand $$$ football is even used in the game once? Does the average game even have 120 plays, and do they really switch them every single play?

Re:120?

"Is it guaranteed that each multi-thousand $$$ football is even used in the game once? "

No. But the unused balls aren't sold as Superbowl-used balls.

"Does the average game even have 120 plays"

Nope. Roughly 60 plays + special plays (kickoffs, punt

Re:120?

Well, the AFC championship game between the steelers and broncos had 118 plays, but I sincerely doubt they change the ball between every play. Never really paid enough attention to that.

On topic, an interesting application of tech, not sure that it is re

Re:120?

The do a similar thing with "Official" pace cars in racing. Basically there is a real pace car and then 25 other cars that does one lap before the race and then sell the cars as Official Indy cars or whatever.

Not a zero sum game.....

"At least the we know where the United States' priorities are. War? Famine? Fuck that, let's support a sport so they can put synthetic DNA on a football. Sorry, but sports are valued entirely too fucking much imo."

Why do people always have to view thi

Re:Not a zero sum game.....

"The truth is that most of our progress comes from necessity, and many times this necessity is a manufactured necessity rather than a real one. Sometimes it is war research, sometimes sports, sometimes other entertainment such as video games. These things

Re:Not a zero sum game.....

I didn't mean to imply the technology was useless. It may very well have good applications. Putting synthetic DNA on a football is not a good application. I was actually ready to burn some karma on that comment as I'm very against sports where a guy gets p

Re:Not a zero sum game.....

I agree with your sentiment about organized sports, therefore, I almost hate to bring about this little counterpoint of logic.

Your argument against the amount paid to a top sports player is basically a Short Term/Long Term fallacy, a subset of "Excluded Middle".

The reason a guy gets paid millions to toss a ball, or something similar is because millions of fans watch. They pay for viewing, they watch ads, hell, they have tailgate parties prior to games, and you can bet they buy a good deal of merchandise for those parties alone. Organized sports is big business, and having popular players (those who can throw the ball well) brings in added revenue for the teams that can win. Just take a look at the prices of the footballs in the article!

It boils down to money. The team owners/franchises want to make more money, the fans want to see more/better games, and are happy to spend their money to do so.

Ironically, when I was in Africa in 1990 building a medical clinic, all the locals loved playing soccer, and whenever a newspaper was around, everyone gawked over the world soccer scores. It was near religion to them. They also had a better knowledge of North American boxing than I ever have had. And yet, many of these people owned only one set of clothes, and most did not have electricity, and certanly not any clean water.

And so, these very people I was trying to help were caught up in organized sports, where, as you say the funds from the massive North American endevours could be used to help the people in Africa. You are right of course, but it seems that people everywhere, on the average are sports nuts. This does not make people bad, it just makes them human.

We, the slashdot geeks are a different breed.

Re:Not a zero sum game.....

This has translated into practical, useful things such as Gatorade. . .

Otherwise known as "Florescent Sugar Water."

With a pinch of salt.

Took nearly minutes of research to whip that up.

KFG

Re:Not a zero sum game.....

Took minutes to develop Gatorade, but I'm spending my lifetime appreciating that little stroke of genius. And Bobby Boucher's coach was actually right, Gatorade is better than water.

Re:Whow...

I agree with you that sports are valued too much, but you're pretty silly to assert that the United States had anything much to do with this ridiculous invention. It was a private company looking to take advantage of peoples' rapacious, irrational interes

Re:odds for random or deliberate attempt??

It just occurred to me: There are only 4 nucleotide bases in DNA, so they give the ballpark figure of how long the strand of DNA is. That was awful helpful of them. They just pulled back on the trigger of their 9mm and shot themselves in the foot. And

Re:odds for random or deliberate attempt??

Your intuition is right on. It must be about a 22-23 nucleotide oligomer. 4^22 = 18 trillion or so. Like someone else said, DNA doesn't glow green, so they either used tagged nucleotides or just spiked their DNA-containing ink with a green fluorescent dye. The dye, I suspect, is just so they know where they put the DNA without having to actually discolor the ball.

You'd be amazed if you knew what their profit margin must be. Oligos like that cost about 10 bucks for enough to probably detectably tag all 120 footballs, and you can synthesize any sequence you want. A couple of bucks for that fluoresence dye, some ink, and I bet it costs them about a quarter a ball altogether. You could even do this sort of thing yourself for not much more. Most DNA synthesis companies will happily do business with private citizens. The only substantial cost would be verifiying an object that someone brings in, but even that just requires a half-decent molecular biology tech and some not-too-expensive equipment. You don't need to actually sequence the thing to verify that it matches a reference sample - you can just cheaply and quickly test binding affinity. I'll bet they charge for verification, anyway. So this whole scheme is probably the next-best thing to printing money.

(IAAMB - molecular biologist)

Re:Nice Odds..

So you're saying I have a chance.