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Good bye Dark Matter, Hello General Relativity

Posted by Hemos on Mon Oct 10, 2005 09:30 AM
from the all-einstein-quotes-you-know-are-wrong dept.
dr. loser writes "The CERN newsletter reports that a new paper by scientists at the University of Victoria has demonstrated that one of the prime observational justifications for the existence of dark matter can be explained without any dark matter at all, by a proper use of general relativity! What does this imply for cosmology and particle physics, both of which have been worrying about other aspects of dark matter?"
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  • by scsirob (246572) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:33AM (#13756404)
    .. that Dark Doesn't Matter??
    • by Alaren (682568) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:56AM (#13756597) Homepage

      (No pun intended)

      I think this is a great article.

      See my comment here [slashdot.org] where I wonder if maybe we're getting way too excited about dark matter without having any material reason (other than "this is the only explanation that fits our current expectations of gravity") to believe it actually exists.

      Based on the moderation that followed, I would say that "some people" don't like it when popular theories get questioned. Which just goes to show you--once a scientific "fact" has been established, our attachment to it becomes as dogmatic as any theological notion...

      • by ifwm (687373) on Monday October 10 2005, @10:34AM (#13756914) Journal
        I've dealt with this same issue.

        There seems to be, as you put it, a "dogmatic" belief, often from undergrads (I'm guessing), that their now current understanding of physics is "right", and that any questioning of dark matter is an excuse to call the qestioner ignorant.

        I've asked numerous times why I should think dark matter is anything other than a mildly promising theory.

        The responses questioning my intelligence, calling me names, and generally being assholes outnumber the cogent replies 3 to 1.

        Since when did scientists start behaving like fundies?
  • From the Abstract (Score:5, Interesting)

    by poopdeville (841677) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:38AM (#13756440)
    A galaxy is modeled as a stationary axially symmetric pressure-free fluid in general relativity. For the weak gravitational fields under consideration, the field equations and the equations of motion ultimately lead to one linear and one nonlinear equation relating the angular velocity to the fluid density.

    That's really interesting. It makes sense to model a galaxy as a fluid on a very large scale. After all, gravity is a relatively weak force. I haven't gone through the paper, but if their math is right, since the assumption is relatively benign, this seems like it would be experimentally verified.

    Since the model assumes that a galaxy is a fluid (on a large scale), the model would predict fluid-like phenomena. What I wonder is if there is a galactic analogue to solitary waves. How would these manifest? (A friend wrote his thesis on solitons)

  • by OakDragon (885217) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:38AM (#13756441) Journal
    ...was physicists around the world collectively slapping their foreheads.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday October 10 2005, @09:45AM (#13756498)
    The great thing about the speed of communication these days is that whenever a moronic story hits the web, it can be refuted immediately. See, in this case, Singular disk of matter in the Cooperstock and Tieu galaxy model [arxiv.org], which says:
    Recently a new model of galactic gravitational field, based on ordinary General Relativity, has been proposed by Cooperstock and Tieu in which no exotic dark matter is needed to fit the observed rotation curve to a reasonable ordinary matter distribution. We argue that in this model the gravitational field is generated not only by the galaxy matter, but by a thin, singular disk as well. The model should therefore be considered unphysical.
    • by Chuckstar (799005) on Monday October 10 2005, @10:27AM (#13756857)
      I read the article and I fail to see how this criticism holds water. The article under discussion proposes a thin disk of non-luminous (as opposed to "Dark") matter on the same plane as the galaxy, in roughly the same distribution as the luminous matter. Such a disk could be made of dust or other particles, would be an order of magnitude smaller than the proposed Dark Matter, and would potentially be difficult to observe. One wonders whether the refuting author finds Dark Matter more or less "physical" than a thin disk of real matter.
      • by rknop (240417) on Monday October 10 2005, @10:15AM (#13756748) Homepage

        I noticed you were referring to an article on arXiv.org.

        Err... you do realize that the "we don't need dark matter" is also on arxiv.org, and lists itself as only submitted?

        Plus, it's submitted to ApJ, but is not following the ApJ citation standard. Not that that really means anything, but it does tell you that the authors still have some i-crossing and t-dotting to do.

        -Rob

  • by Morgaine (4316) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:48AM (#13756523)
    TFA is just plain silly.

    Every teccie knows that the universe is held together by gaffer tape, and the only problem has been to find the link between gaffer tape and dark matter.

    If relativity does away with dark matter, well fine, but the cosmologists are missing the key issue here. All this means is that now we have to find the link between relativity and gaffer tape.
  • Tentative results (Score:5, Insightful)

    by amightywind (691887) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:49AM (#13756533) Journal

    What does this imply for cosmology and particle physics, both of which have been worrying about other aspects of dark matter?

    The case for dark matter has been built for several decades. There is a mountain of evidence that needs an alternative explanation. I would call these new results tentative at best.

  • WYSIWYG universe (Score:5, Insightful)

    by G4from128k (686170) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:52AM (#13756555)
    Perhaps it is a WYSIWYG universe, we just don't understand how to properly see what we see.

    This may also be a cautionary tale about the use of linear models (Newtonian gravity) versus nonlinear ones -- interactions among masses distort the solution. If one assumes the wrong things and gets an answer that doesn't fit the observations, perhaps its time to change the assumptions, not add unseen dark matter, epicycles, etc.

  • It means my physics paper is proper fucked, for one.
  • How many of us have done as much?

    Hell, even Hawking has never shaken up the ideas of science and physics to anything near the degree Einstein has.

    How long has he been dead? And he's STILL stirring up trouble!

    Personally, I think his statue in Washington DC needs to be bigger. He's done far more for this country and the world at large than most of the people with bigger statues. It's just not fair!
  • The poster title is misleading, the paper still leaves a place for dark matter, but on very smaller amounts and far from the halo. So, this matter could easily be barionic (paper's conclusion).

    What is really interesting is that the third galaxy didn't fit the model as well as the others. It may be because of the inacuracy of the calculations (is the inacuracy measurable? The paper should have said that) or because there is something different on this one, maybe a smaller concentration of dark matter near the center.

  • by darteaga (806257) <darteagaNO@SPAMya.com> on Monday October 10 2005, @10:05AM (#13756662)
    Even if the article was correct, and dark matter was not needed to explain rotation curves in galaxies, dark matter [wikipedia.org] is still needed to explain the acceleration of the universe [wikipedia.org], its large scale structure [wikipedia.org] and the primordial anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background [wikipedia.org].
    • Re:Neat (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Otter (3800) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:47AM (#13756515) Journal
      On a side note, they are distributing the source. It's possible they may even be GPL friendly.

      Note that this is the LaTeX source files for the paper, not source code. What would you do with a GPL scientific paper -- change some things and put your own name on it?

      Anyway. I'm surprised it took so long for anyone to do this. Is the an obvious approach, especially if the alternative to postulate entirely new classes of matter. We lesser scientists tend to carry an inferiority complex over the supposed genius of physicists, but I wonder if we've maybe given them too much credit.

    • Re:Neat (Score:5, Informative)

      by lgw (121541) on Monday October 10 2005, @09:48AM (#13756521) Journal
      The paper only concerns itself with the observed rotation speeds of galaxies, for which "maybe there's something we don't understad about gravity" has always been just as convincing an explanation as dark matter. However, the recent cosmic microwave background radiation [uchicago.edu] data *also* implies dark matter, and doesn't have such an easy alternative explanation. The data tells us that (at least, at the moment the univers first became transparant) baryons only account for 20% or so of mass.
    • My question: (Score:5, Interesting)

      by keraneuology (760918) on Monday October 10 2005, @10:28AM (#13756868) Journal
      Have they decided if there is a non-c value for the speed of gravity? I've seen papers concluding yes and I've seen them concluding no.

      If gravity has no "speed" then the advisories against instantaneous communication are violated as a change in the relative position of mass A to mass B would instantly be signaled even across the galaxies.

      If gravity does have a speed then wouldn't this "dark matter" be explained as all of the extra grativational "signals" making their way through the universe?

    • by rknop (240417) on Monday October 10 2005, @10:12AM (#13756719) Homepage
      So was the neutrino.

      The neutrino, when originally discovered, was discovered because something was missing. Particle collisions were seemingly violating the conservation of energy and momentum. Postulating the existence of an unknown, massless or nearly massless particle that interacted only weakly solved that problem.

      Only later was the neutrino discovered.

      Unanswered questions, very specific unanswered questions (we need *something* to do *this*) often do lead to new discoveries in science.

      I'm not saying that dark matter necessarily has to exist, but the galaxy and cluster gravitational dispersion evidence were strong indicators that there had to be more gravity there. Postuatling that we weren't seeing all the mass was a very reasonable postulate. Now there are lots of other reasons (e.g. CMB, large scale structure evolution) to suspect it's there. And, possibly, in the next decade, we will finally identify the dark matter particle in the lab. We'll see.

      -Rob
    • by rknop (240417) on Monday October 10 2005, @10:25AM (#13756836) Homepage

      Black holes are, well, dark... so all the 'dark' matter is concentrated in localized places, namely the center of the galaxies.

      Black holes at the center of galaxies have masses of 10^6 to 10^9 times the mass of the Sun. (Our Galaxy's black hole is towards the smaller side of that range.

      Large galaxies themselves have masses of 10^11 to 10^12 times the mass of the Sun.

      The black holes at the centers of galaxies, as far as just gravity is concerned, are dynamically unimportant to the outer parts of the galaxies.

      Plus, the problem is more than that. It's not just that we don't have enough matter to explain the rotation curves of galaxies or the velocity dispersion of galaxy clusters, it's not in the right place. As you get farther from the center of the galaxy, you need more and more matter compared to what we see. Adding more matter right at the center wouldn't help that, even if the black holes were big enough (which they aren't).

      (The black holes may be dynamically important to the evolution of galaxy structure for other more complicated reasons-- the generation of energy in their accretion disks can create jets and such that may limit the growth of galaxies-- but that's a separate issue from expalining the rotation curves we see in spiral galaxies.)

      -Rob