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World's Most Powerful Laser
Posted by
michael
on Sat May 10, 2003 03:48 PM
from the she-blinded-me-with-science dept.
from the she-blinded-me-with-science dept.
mattlary writes "The Rochester Democrat and Chronicle reports that the University of Rochester plans on building the world's most powerful laser. The plans include upgrading the University's Omega laser with a pair of petawatt lasers. Sounds a lot like Real Genius to me."
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But can you (Score:5, Funny)
Re:But can you (Score:4, Funny)
Re:NOPE PETA WON'T DO IT (Score:5, Funny)
Re:But can you (Score:5, Funny)
Lawyers?
Sorry.. too easy
AXJ's laser (Score:1, Funny)
PROPS TO GABE AND SANTA
It won't be real genius.. (Score:3, Funny)
(http://www.beresourceful.net/ | Last Journal: Wednesday January 07 2004, @12:40PM)
What would Chris Knight say? (Score:5, Funny)
what if (Score:1, Funny)
The Building Size (Score:2, Redundant)
(http://www.llbbl.com/)
Ok then I actually read the article and saw that they were in fact planning on building an addition to the lab. It is good to know!
I don't think it would fit on any shark =)
petawatt may sound good ... (Score:1, Troll)
Re:petawatt may sound good ... (Score:5, Interesting)
In a word, magnets. The idea behind fusion, essentially, is that you raise a (hydrogen) plasma to sufficient temperature and pressure, and it will undergo fusion. If you get the conditions just right, it'll then continue to fuse once you've ignited it, thus supplying you with energy.
What you may not appreciate is that a plasma is electrically charged, and can therefore be contained using a suitable magnetic field. Arguably the most promising containment setup at the moment is the tokamak (from the Russian for bottle, iirc), which is a torus-shaped machine. Electromagnets around the torus create a circular magnetic field, which keeps the plasma contained in a ring. (My apologies if my information is out of date, I quit my PhD in plasma physics 4 years ago...)
Despite what the article says, however, fusion is not entirely pollution-free. One of the byproducts is a fairly large supply of neutrons. These neutrons are absorbed by the reactor, which will slowly but surely become radioactive. Therefore, you will eventually be left with radioactive waste to dispose of. You won't get anything like the quantity you get with fission, though, and fusion certainly doesn't produce any "conventional" pollution.
Re:petawatt may sound good ... (Score:5, Informative)
I think they plan on dealing with this by using vanadium alloys. If you start with the most stable form of vanadium (V51) and bombard it with neutrons, the first neutron absorbed will cause a quick beta decay to Cr52. Fortunately, chromium has the same crystal structure as V, so you won't weaken the alloy much. Cr can absorb another 3 neutrons before it beta-decays to Mn55, which has a different crystal structure, so at that point, you might start causing enbrittlement of the alloy. However, Mn55 can absorb 5 more neutrons before you end up with an element that has a worrying half life (Co60).
So by picking your materials correctly, you can potentially avoid some of the problems associated with neutrons.
Re:petawatt may sound good ... (Score:5, Interesting)
This laser (I can tell you without reading the article, as the laws of physics prevent the presumption) is only on for an EXTREMELY short duration, probably on the order of billionths of a second (that's 10E-9, for UK readers).
A peta-joule (as someone else pointed out) would be a LOT of coal. A petawatt for an extremely short duration isn't that much energy. Probably less than the entire university consumes for 1 second (I don't have accurate numbers on their power consumption, so don't micro analyze this statement).
The only use for such a short duration but high power laser is in physics experiments, and typically involves only a few dollars of electricity, so nearly no appreciable amount of coal or waste of any kind.
I'll pass on the political discussion though.
Re:petawatt may sound good ... (Score:5, Informative)
A few years ago, I started a PhD in plasma physics, studying the high speed electron transport effects in short pulse, high intensity laser-plasma interactions. You are of course quite correct in your assertion that this sort of laser fires extremely brief pulses.
In plamsa physics, such a pulse is used to rapidly (read, near-instanteously) heat the surface of a target. The rapid heating causes the surface to ablate, which in turn causes the rest of the target to be compressed and heated. Get it right, and fusion ocurrs.
Quite apart from the physical reasons why you'd use a short pulse, the ultimate goal here is to create a viable method of producing energy. The more energy you put in at the start (by using a "long" laser pulse), the more you have to get out in the long run to make it worthwhile.
When I was still on my PhD (before I got bored and quit), we had a working z-pinch [ic.ac.uk] in the basement. As dramatic as it would have been for the lights to dim, there were no outward signs when it was fired
OH come on! (Score:2, Informative)
National Ignition Facility, Livermore (Score:5, Informative)
(http://www.theblight.net/)
Here's a site that explains how it works: http://www.llnl.gov/nif/nifworks/index.html
The article does mention NIF, but only at the bottom, briefly. It is not to be overlooked. I've been through the facility -- it's absolutely massive. Full of wondrously expensive and very shiny toys.
Close to me (Score:5, Informative)
Watchout! (Score:5, Funny)
(http://0x1337.net/ | Last Journal: Tuesday September 02 2003, @12:09PM)
What about.. (Score:2, Interesting)
Time to count... (Score:4, Funny)
(http://www.epscylonb.com/)
HOT (Score:1)
(http://chronluke.tripod.com/)
Then again, what else are you going to use a laser that can heat things up as hot as a star for?
Alright, this is the last time I'm telling you this! If I see one more reenactment of the blowing up the apple scene from Honey I Shrunk The Kids . . .
If only... (Score:2, Insightful)
(http://www.crazydays.org/ | Last Journal: Thursday December 06, @12:31PM)
[/sarcasm]
I hope all the sheep that always claim that the US only spends money on DoD stuff figure out that the government (DoE here) does spend money on things other than to kill folks. And its a frick'en laser, and it isn't meant to kill people. Amazing.
Otherwise pretty cool.
Granted the otherside of slashdot that complains about anything with nuclear in it are going to hate this cause its going to kill us all! Lunatics on the left, and even more lunatics on the other left.
Progressive Step (Score:1)
CHA (Score:5, Funny)
To carve your name in the MOON!
Why this is needed... (Score:5, Interesting)
For H-bombs, the idea is to use a fisson bomb to kick-start the whole thing.
Now they are trying to build fusion reactors, and obviously using fission power is not that popular (the whole point is to get rid of the problems of fission).
Using extremely powerful and focused lasers seems to be the best idea as yet. This is only needed to start the reaction, once it has started it is kept alive by its own power and a supply of hydrogen.
Tor
Re:Why this is needed... (Score:5, Informative)
It would also be wholly impractical in this case.
What is required, as you say, is to raise the hydrogen to a suitably high temperature and pressure. The laser is used not only to increase the temperature of your target material, but also the pressure (the sudden increase in temperature causes the surface to ablate, which causes an increase in pressure on the remainder of the target). To achieve the same effect using a fission reaction, you would essentially have to create an explosion, which would be *far* harder to do safely. You're likely to just destory the reactor, as only a small fraction of the total output energy of the explosion could actually be directed at the target.
In an H-bomb, of course, the more destructive the reaction the better.
almost (Score:2)
(Last Journal: Saturday December 25 2004, @10:07PM)
but in real genius it was only a 5-meg-watt laser. what's this? petawatts? is that like a billion times more powerful than meg?
All they have to do now is.. (Score:1, Redundant)
(http://slashdot.org/)
Petawatts? (Score:2)
(http://www.beryllium.ca/)
Please tell me they are not PETAwatts. PETA is soooo gorram annoying [mentallyincontinent.com].
Already the most powerful UV laser at UR (Score:2)
(http://slashdot.org/)
Re:Already the most powerful UV laser at UR (Score:5, Informative)
First you must make a distinction between most powerful(energy/time) laser and most energetic(energy per pulse) laser, this is a distinction not made in the article. The Omega laser is currently the most energetic ultraviolet(frequency tripled Neodymium:Glass) laser in the world now at ~25 Kilojoules per pulse, very soon to be eclipsed by the preliminary first light of the National Ignition Facility. However each "shot" on the system, as they are called, is only a couple hundred picoseconds to a couple nanoseconds long (depending on the shot pulse shape) making it's peak power around a maximum of about 60 Terawatts. This is not the most powerful laser in the world. The Rutherford Appelton [rl.ac.uk] laboratory in England has a "Petawatt" system they just commissioned which is capable of at least hundreds of Terawatts of power albeit only with a couple hundred joules of energy per shot.
It is interesting to note that the mechanism the Petawatt upgrade at the LLE will use to achieve it's million billion watts of power in a pulse time of a few picoseconds to hundreds of femtoseconds is called Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification(OPCPA) and was invented right at THE UofR in the late 1980's!! Chirped Pulse Amplification [utoronto.ca] lasers are the only means to get to petawatt intensities and they are interesting because they are the first technology to allow nuclear reactions to be directly caused [llnl.gov] by intense light radiation(ie. no implosion/ heating stage as in ICF). This is really interesting because in addition to the spark plug type inertial confinement fusion catalyzing experiments that are planned, the intensity fluences allowed by petawatt lasers approaches (possibly >10^21 watts/sq. inch) what is necessary to do an experiment called "sparking the vacuum" whereby enough energy is placed in a small enough volume of space in a short enough period of time to cause a spontaneous transformation of energy directly into particles(via E=Mc^2 [princeton.edu]). Neat eh?
Re:Already the most powerful UV laser at UR (Score:4, Funny)
In case of Slashdotting (Score:5, Funny)
(http://www.columbia....ndelman/student.html | Last Journal: Friday August 24, @07:11PM)
By Matthew Daneman
Democrat and Chronicle
(May 9, 2003) -- One burst from the University of Rochester's Omega laser heats up its target to 100 million degrees Celsius in a quest to duplicate the power of the sun.
But the world's most powerful fusion research laser is about to get a lot more powerful.
Construction could start as soon as early July on a $70 million addition of a pair of petawatt lasers to UR's Laboratory for Laser Energetics Omega facility on East River Road.
The incredibly powerful petawatt would be the most destructive device in existence, capable of vaporizing an entire planet.
Researchers have a broad array of plans for the petawatt, including using bursts from it to disintegrate major landmarks.
Nuclear fusion is what powers stars, including the sun, and is the principle behind hydrogen bombs. Scientists have been trying for decades to replicate and control fusion for use as a cheap, pollution-free power source.
"They mocked my research!" said lab director Robert McCrory. "But I'll show them
UR is planning for an 82,000-square-foot addition to the back of the laser lab. The town of Brighton Planning Board is having a special meeting at 5:15 p.m. May 19 at the laser lab. The meeting will include a tour for board members and neighboring residents and a demand for cash payments to stave off their imminent destruction.
UR estimates the lab could be fully operational in about four years. When Rebel forces attempt to destroy the shield generators protecting the installation, UR will reveal that it is already fully operational.
The U.S. Department of Energy has put up $13 million so far for the expansion plans, and UR expects to see $37 million more over the next few years. The university is putting $20 million of its own into the construction.
A petawatt laser could generate a pulse of up to a million billion watts of power, several hundred times more powerful than the Omega, and would enable the lab to hold the entire world hostage, said Steven Loucks, engineering director for the laser lab.
"This will be the most intense laser ever built," said Craig Sangster, a senior scientist at the laser lab.
With the petawatt, UR would leap into the emerging and promising field of "fast ignition" fusion. Hypothetically, a burst from the petawatt would serve as the metaphorical spark plug, igniting a fuel source and setting off a fusion reaction, destroying an entire planet. Researchers also foresee using the petawatt bursts to "see" into the plasma generated when the Omega laser array is fired at unsuspecting tourists, "which we'd love to do now, but we can't," Sangster said.
And the petawatt will help in one of the lab's primary jobs -- "stockpile stewardship" of the nation's nuclear weapon arsenal, Loucks said. The vast majority of the lab's $49 million annual operating budget comes from the Energy Department, which pays for study of death rays now that the nation no longer does nuclear testing.
The laser lab upgrade will add no more than a handful of jobs to the facility, which employs close to 250 people in stupid black helmets with wheels on them. But the petawatt will help ensure that federal money continues to flow to Rochester, McCrory said.
Added Lousch: "Do not be too proud of this technological terror you have constructed, for the ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the force."
The lab contributes about $20 million to the local economy, according to UR estimates.
One of the petawatt laser's main jobs will likely be to supplement the $3.5 billion National Ignition Facility being built now at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, Sangster said. Livermore's 1.8 megajoule laser -- with power capacity far beyond UR's -- is expected to go online in about five years. Researchers will undoubtedly use UR's laser lab to "destroy al
World seires and world's most powerful laser... (Score:1)
The incredibly powerful petawatt would be the only one of its kind in the United States and one of only a small handful in existence.
This is going to be the most powerful laser in the United States, not in the whole World as the posting's title claims. But that's just a detail - we know there's nothing beyond our faithful shores
Not really news.. (Score:3, Interesting)
(http://www.jeremiad.org/)
This isn't really news, being that the Vulcan laser in the UK reached petawatt capacity some months ago, after being awarded a grant for the purpose four years ago (see here [rl.ac.uk]) - the article doesn't mention the exact capacity, but I don't imagine that it's much more than a petawatt.
Another important thing to mention - again, not having read up on this - is that most scientific lasers are single-shot; most lasers are femto or petasecond lasers. From the same site as above (different news item [rl.ac.uk], "Over the course of the three year upgrade project, the output of Vulcan's ultra-short pulse beam will be increased to 500J in a pulse of 500fs duration giving a power on target of 1 Petawatt (1015 Watts)" - for many purposes, a laser such as Astra [rl.ac.uk] suits many peoples purposes; whilst the pulse energy for astra is
As far as military applications are concerned, as mentioned in other threads, this laser would almost certainly be useless; it would be far too hard to aim, and in any case, lasers like this reach sufficient power that they require nitrogen-filled tubing in many laboratories in order not to ionise the air under certain circumstances (which creates irritating popping noises) - there are certain other technical details (such as the beam type) which render them inefficient for military purposes (although one scientist working with astra and vulcan did want to shoot a beam into space with an encyclopedia encoded in the beam pulse in order to transmit data to potential victims of human first contact).
1 2 3 (Score:1)
Real Genius (Score:1, Interesting)
Anyways, they show it (rightfully) at CIT prefrosh weekends, so maybe the kids'll be smart enough to figure it out for themselves.
They should call it... (Score:1)
Don't touch it! (Score:1)
Mitch: No.
Chris: Good. Because all of my filth is arranged in alphabetical order. This, for instance, is under 'H' for "toy.
Mitch: What is it?
Chris: It's a penis stretcher. Do you want to try it?
Mitch: No.
Chris: I'm just kidding. It's yet another in a long series of attempts to avoid responsibility.
''Omega Laser''?? (Score:3, Funny)
(http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom7/ | Last Journal: Monday January 07 2002, @01:07AM)
heh, but do *you* go to U of R? (Score:3, Funny)
(http://www.esotericappeal.com/)
What's to prevent me from being vaporized? huh?
neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride? (Score:1)
a Nd:YLF pumped diode laser was used as the first stage for the current Omega laser due to its wavelength being readily absorbed by solid hydrogen (I would guess) and its relatively high output. it's wavelength lies in the infrared with green and ultraviolet harmonics. some beam splitting and amplification/acceleration is involved with the production of the final pulse.
this laser also seems to be popular photon source in imaging devices for which has replaced expensive and bulky TiSaph equipment in many applications (or so think i read). so . . .
question for slashdot: will the basic technology for the petwatt upgrade be the same?
sorry no links - go hit up the search engines yourself (i refuse to say "google" as verb). . . oh, what the heck:
--TRR
when i'll be able... (Score:1)
(http://tadas.hn.org/ | Last Journal: Sunday August 22 2004, @11:05AM)
The electric company must be thrilled (Score:2, Interesting)
On certain mornings, when the weather was right, you could tell that the laser lab was getting ready to play with their toys, because the high-tension lines would be screaming with the load.
A few years ago, Rochester Gas and Electric got into antitrust trouble. It seems that U of R had been considering upgrading their giant steam-heating plant, and installing "cogeneration" equipment -- using waste heat from the steam to generate power. This would've made enough power to not only run all of the University, but also surplus power that RG&E would've had to buy. RG&E apparently told U of R that RG&E would cancel some research funding if UR installed cogeneration equipment... but if UR abandoned the plans, RG&E would cough up more grants and give them a huge discount on electricity. UR took the deal.
RG&E ended up settling the case, and the agreement was invalidated. I'm not sure who's generating the power now, but if it's RG&E... I'm sure they're happy to hear about bigger lasers
Big laser (Score:4, Funny)
(Last Journal: Sunday July 06 2003, @09:07PM)
Just be sure to do a good job of guarding the exhaust port.
Err... (Score:1)
Off the coast of Japan... (Score:2)
-psy
On a related note.. (Score:2)
How do you (where you live) pronounce laser?
Last time I visited NY, the guys in the physics lab called it l-a-ser with an a as in father. Is that normal on the east coast?
I've always pronounced it with a very broad a, like in "layser".
Fuel cells? (Score:1)
(for those who don't know, these are devices by means of which electricity is generated from hydrogen at reasonable temperatures with the only exhaust being water and heat).
You can keep your popcorn and your sharks (Score:1)
Do I expect you to mod this down? No, I expect you to DIE!
Oink! Oink! Pork alert (Score:3, Insightful)
(http://www.animats.com)
The laser lab upgrade will add no more than a handful of jobs to the facility, which employs close to 250 full-time workers. But the petawatt will help ensure that federal money continues to flow to Rochester, McCrory said. "We could be a target ripe for closing if we don't stay technologically current," he said.
"Stockpile stewardship" is a code word for "keep people employed working on bomb-related stuff, even if we're not making any". Over at the Lawerence Livermore Senior Activity Center for Aging Physicists, it's their main mission. All the old guys who know how to design H-bombs will die off soon, and nobody will remember how to make them. It's been half a century since young smart people went into bomb design, after all.
I finally finish and ... (Score:2, Interesting)
awww (Score:1)
For those in the dark... (Score:1)
(http://www.bloomshare.com/)
don't forget.. (Score:1)
(http://slashdot.org/)
A small step for the Brotherhood (Score:1)
(http://www.geocities...wers/7210/index.html)
Re:Had to say it... (Score:2, Funny)
(Last Journal: Sunday September 19 2004, @12:25PM)
Dude! (Score:1)
(http://www.netmartini.com/)
Re:Frickin Evil (Score:1)
Re:And... (Score:2)
(http://www.beryllium.ca/)
Re:Pffffffft (Score:1)
Re:And... (Score:1)
(Last Journal: Sunday September 19 2004, @12:25PM)
Re:Pffffffft (Score:2, Informative)
Picky.
-Colin