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Cold Sore Virus May Be Alzheimer's Smoking Gun

Posted by kdawson on Sun Dec 07, 2008 04:59 PM
from the you-must-remember-this dept.
Science Daily is reporting that the virus behind cold sores has been found to be a major cause of the insoluble protein plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease sufferers. Researchers believe the herpes simplex virus is a significant factor in developing the debilitating disease and could be treated by antiviral agents such as acyclovir, which is already used to treat cold sores and other diseases caused by the herpes virus. Another future possibility is vaccination against the virus to prevent the development of Alzheimer's in the first place. The research was just published in the Journal of Pathology (abstract).
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  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:01PM (#26024363)

    I just lost my train of thought.

  • Strange... (Score:5, Funny)

    by Der Huhn Teufel (688813) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:02PM (#26024365)
    Man my mouth hurts but I don't remember why.
  • What about heredity? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:09PM (#26024427)

    Alzheimers runs in families, which is particularly worrisome for me since I have it on both sides of my family. If it is caused by a virus, then why is it passed down in genes? Are some people more sucseptible to this virus, thus there is a gene for vulnerabilty to this virus, instead of a gene for Alzheimers??

    • by compro01 (777531) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:13PM (#26024461)

      Or "virus only does this to people with gene X".

    • by BeanThere (28381) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:14PM (#26024475)

      From the article: "The team had discovered much earlier that the virus is present in brains of many elderly people and that in those people with a specific genetic factor, there is a high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease."

    • by Courageous (228506) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:20PM (#26024545)

      You're an AC so prolly won't see this response, but Herpes infection is endemic. I believe that 90% of all adults are infected with the virus that causes Herpes. I know this is confusing, because of the confusion with genital herpes, which can be caused by at least two variants of the Herpes virus.

      C//

      • by similar_name (1164087) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:44PM (#26024765)

        I believe that 90% of all adults are infected with the virus that causes Herpes.

        Yep, Herpes comes in at least 8 varieties in humans and over 80 in the animal kingdom. So if you've ever had chicken pox...

        "Chickenpox is a highly communicable disease caused by the varicella virus, a member of the herpes virus family"

        New York State Department of Health [state.ny.us]

      • by TerranFury (726743) on Sunday December 07 2008, @07:36PM (#26025641)

        I believe that 90% of all adults are infected with the virus that causes Herpes. I know this is confusing, because of the confusion with genital herpes,

        There are two types of herpes simplex virus: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Historically, HSV-1 has been called "oral herpes" and HSV-2 "genital herpes." But in fact, either can infect either location -- or other locations -- and both cause similar symptoms. (In industrialized nations, particularly among college students, most new cases of genital herpes are actually HSV-1. Ah, fellatio!)

        Statistics: 50% of adults are seropositive for HSV-1. 25% of adults are seropositive for HSV-2.

        • by iago12345 (800025) on Sunday December 07 2008, @09:30PM (#26026757)
          Its true currently an average of 50% of adults are seropositive for HSV1, but as an individual statistics state 80% - 85% of people over the age of 60 are infected, so odds are slim you will avoid being inflicted with the HSV1 virus (cold sores)before you die. However with the advances being made in understanding the virus' ability to reactivate and stay hidden, drugs will most likely be developed within the next ten years that destroy the virus' ability to replicate making it almost entirely non-contagious, and within twenty years we'll have a technique/drug that will be capable of killing it where it hides in the trigeminal ganglion located in the brain, which extends to the face/lips. However newer research is indicating that not just HSV1, but a large host of viruses previously thought to be harmless (such as other members of the HSV family Cytomegalovirus & Epstein-Barr virus) eventually cause build up of plaque in the brain causing cognitive decline, particularly combined with the ApoE4 gene variation, which I believe this study linking HSV1 & Alzheimer's is referring to. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/541533 [medscape.com] http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_WTX038956.html [wellcome.ac.uk]
        • by spectecjr (31235) on Monday December 08 2008, @01:29AM (#26029041) Homepage

          Interestingly, if you get HSV-1 before you get HSV-2, it gives you a degree of immunity to HSV-2. :)

    • by spectecjr (31235) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:39PM (#26024721) Homepage

      Yes. There's a gene called APOE-1. If you have a specific form of that gene, you're more susceptible.

      Also, herpes immunity varies from person to person. Babies without any of the immunity typically die shortly after birth. Your immunity varies depending on a specific combination of genes.

      I've been researching this stuff for a while... Inferring results from about 500 different medical papers I've read, Herpes viruses are responsible for:

      Alzheimer's Disease
      Type-II Diabetes
      High Cholesterol, including high HDL and high triglyceride levels
      Heart disease, including atherosclerosis (aka arteriosclerosis)
      Cancer of the gallbladder (cholangiocarcinoma)
      Colon cancer
      Crohn's disease
      Multiple sclerosis
      Rheumatoid arthritis
      Arthritis
      Osteoporosis
      Multiple myeloma
      Glioblastoma multiforme
      Bipolar disorder
      Schizophrenia
      Hodkin's Disease
      Lymphoma
      Breast Cancer
      Kaposi's Sarcoma

      http://www.accidentalscientist.com/2008/01/public-enemy-1-herpes-viruses-as.html [accidentalscientist.com]

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        by Anonymous Coward

        It's the great thing about statistics, if 90% of adults have it then a 100% of all people will die with it and some prematurely. Unless there's a factor that stands out the numbers can be spun to back most agendas. Unless they find that Alzheimer's is rare to nonextistent in people that don't have the herpes virus then it's hard to confirm anything when 90% of the population has it. Even then given the fact everyone for the most part are exposed to it an immunity to herpes might also protect you from other

        • by Daniel Dvorkin (106857) * on Sunday December 07 2008, @07:47PM (#26025771) Homepage Journal

          You know another great thing about statistics? People who know what they're doing can also use them to make meaningful calculations about the way things work in the real world. 90% vs 10% is an unbalanced sample, sure, but there are more than enough people in that 10% to make it a large enough sample size to calculate a meaningful odds ratio.

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        From your part 3: Apparently HPV does its magic by interfering with the expression of gene P52, a factor in cell death (apoptosis)... Most likely you meant p53, just sayin.

        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          From your part 3: Apparently HPV does its magic by interfering with the expression of gene P52, a factor in cell death (apoptosis)... Most likely you meant p53, just sayin.

          I understand where you're coming from, but p52 is also an apoptosis mediator.

          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            ---I don't follow this logic at all. Even if the rate of cancer-inducing mutations/epigenetic changes is constant the incidence of cancer should rise exponentially in relation to age since more and more of those mutations will have occurred as time passed.

            Mainly that the rate of cell division actually drops significantly as you get older. As my GP says, fetal cells replicate so fast that they're pretty much just happy bouncing baby tumors. So if mutations are the cause of it all, surely those mutations shou

            • by repapetilto (1219852) on Monday December 08 2008, @12:56AM (#26028777)

              But cells with "good" DNA can divide all they want without causing cancer, since they will only do so when the proper signal to do so is present. As you age more and more of your cells will have errors in their DNA (for the reason stated above) that cause them to divide irrespective of whatever external or internal signals to divide or kill themselves. These mutations aren't necessarily the result of faulty DNA replication but can be caused by environmental factors damaging the DNA in a way that isn't repaired correctly which, if it happens at the wrong spot(s), results in altered expression of genes involved in regulating cell proliferation or apoptosis, thus allowing that cell to become cancerous. So what I'm saying is that replication errors aren't the only cause of changes to DNA sequence (your viral theory is an example of this...).

              Also the logic behind thinking that more innately proliferative cells are more prone to cancer is also two-fold in that the more times a cell divides the more replications the original DNA will have undergone thus allowing more chances for error (what you seemed to be thinking about) but also DNA packed tightly in heterochromatin is less available to react with whatever chemicals are around to alter it. S-phase DNA is necessarily more exposed to whatever random chemicals are floating around in the nucleus and, throughout the cell cycle, highly-proliferative cells will have those cell division/apoptosis regulating genes more exposed so that they can be easily accessed for transcription and since those genes are normally more active fewer mutations may be unnecessary before you end up with a cell that just grows out of control. Those obviously aren't the only factors though, since, as you say, how often a cell ends up with cancerous progeny isn't necessarily related to how often it normally divides. Maybe it has something to do with accessibility of those tissues to carcinogens or that the ability of the body to detect the faulty cell and/or mount an effective immune response differs by tissue...I don't know, maybe someone has studied it.

              Anyway I guess what I'm saying is it doesn't make sense to conclude that cells that divide more become cancerous more often and therefore we should see the same incidence of cancer regardless of age, which is not what happens. Further I don't see how that conclusion supports a viral theory of cancer over chemically induced cancer (oxidative stress, carcinogens). I don't think theres anyone in the know who claims that the primary cause of cancers is errors during DNA replication. I'm obviously ready to entertain the idea that most tumors are the result of viral infection (or else I wouldn't have read what you had to say) but that point you were making still doesn't seem logical to me.

      • by Anachragnome (1008495) on Sunday December 07 2008, @08:24PM (#26026151)

        I was just relating this post to my wife when she said "I wonder, if all that is true, if it is possible the vaccinations we all receive for chickenpox might actually be the root cause of all these diseases".

        Then I made another realization. Many of these diseases seem to be more prevalent then they have been in the past, that is to say that a higher percentage of the population are afflicted with these conditions then they used to be. Could the increase in these diseases correspond to the increases in vaccinating the public?

        Holy smokes. Are we inadvertently introducing a weakness to all these other diseases?

        • by TheRaven64 (641858) on Sunday December 07 2008, @08:45PM (#26026379) Homepage Journal

          Many of the diseases that are more common now affect relatively old people. If you have a disease that rarely kills anyone under the age of 40, you will have seen a marked increase in it over the last hundred years or so.

          Several forms of cancer are good examples of this. They are a lot more prevalent now than a century ago because few people lived long enough to develop them to a fatal degree. When comparing infection statistics, also compare age ranges. If diseases are more common in the 30-40 age range than they were, then you might want to worry.

            • by Ramze (640788) on Monday December 08 2008, @03:35AM (#26029861)
              Your post is rather smug, yet you fail to explain your reasoning. If the grandparent post is incorrect, why not explain why he or she is wrong rather than acting condescending without supporting your argument that the poster is incorrect? The core of the grandparent's post seems correct. Many diseases do not develop major symptoms or even show up at all until old age -- some because of the time they take to progress far enough for symptoms to be noticed, some because they are simply age-related diseases. It makes sense to me that as peoples' life spans increase, there would be a larger percentage of older people, thus a larger percentage of age-related diseases. The GP did say hundreds of years -- and life expectancy worldwide just a hundred years ago was only 40. Now it is 66.

              http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy [wikipedia.org] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lifexpec.htm [cdc.gov] http://www.efmoody.com/estate/lifeexpectancy.html [efmoody.com]

              That's not to say that I completely agree with the grandparent poster. Medical science has progressed a lot during the past 100 years as well and medical screenings and diagnosis have improved to the point where we may be seeing more cases because we are simply better at screening and diagnosing illnesses where as a hundred years ago, many people may have died from illnesses that went unnoticed and their deaths were decided to be because of old age. Also misdiagnosis was likely common because so many diseases have similar symptoms and without today's medical labs to do testing, it's quite possible many patients were misdiagnosed before modern analysis was prevalent.

        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          Holy smokes. Are we inadvertently introducing a weakness to all these other diseases?

          That's one of the main considerations of families who opt to selectively vaccinate or not vaccinate at all. While many (but not ALL) of the vaccinations on the CDC schedule have proven effectiveness in combating disease, there is *no* clinical evidence that the existing schedule (starting at two months of age with four shots, which carry a combined punch of 13 different disease strains) has any benefit over a schedule which starts later or goes slower.

          To run with varicella as one example, scientists have a

      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        Wow, that's a really interesting list. Partly because many of those items are *also* linked to autoimmune responses to gluten in the human diet. In particular, diabetes (Types I and II), Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Rheumatoid arthritis, and colon cancer have been clinically confirmed to my knowledge; I also know of people with MS and Crohn's who find that going gluten-free improved their condition a great deal.

    • by osu-neko (2604) on Sunday December 07 2008, @07:10PM (#26025427)
      Rule of thumb: When someone is trying to explain the "cause" of something, and they have mentioned less than a dozen different things, they're oversimplifying.
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Alzheimer's Disease is what is being called a "multi-factorial" disease. That means that there isn't a single source of the disease, but rather a combination of them. In this case, the presence of the herpes virus is one of such factors. I've read and researched a bit myself on the subject during the course of my scientific career: there are loads of papers that try to link particular genetic patterns to susceptibility to AD, but aside for APOE (mentioned by another poster) and some familial forms (which ar
  • by Gothmolly (148874) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:10PM (#26024437)

    Let's wait until the anti-vaccine douchebags hear about THIS. Doesn't this vaccine turn your prepubescent daughter into a whore?

                • by nog_lorp (896553) * on Sunday December 07 2008, @07:47PM (#26025765)

                  Actually, I would say it is the exact same thing, refusing possibly life-saving modern medicine to their children based on unfounded religious beliefs.

                  Not to mention, the argument that HPV vaccination will "Lower the perceived risk of engaging in sex" is complete BS. Word wide, throughout history, no teenager in the world has ever thought - "I want to have unprotected sex... but I might get Human PapillomaVirus!" The health related factors that lead to the choice of abstinence are more along the lines of pregnancy, HIV, and genital herpes. The truth is, it is not about prevention it is about punishment. HPV vaccination isn't going to have any affect on decision-making, but it reduces the chance the people will die for screwing around, and religious fundamentalists don't want that.

                  Furthermore, even if you believe there is any morality to this argument, it is still baseless due to the fact that sexual contact is not the only way to get a virus, even blood-born ones. If your daughter steps on a used needle in the sand at the beach, and catches HPV, and dies of cervical cancer, what have you achieved? You are responsible for her death. Furthermore, refusal to vaccinate against STDs is tantamount to blaming the victim for rape, as this is a common avenue for infection.

                  If it wasn't clear already, I feel strongly that anyone who would advocate against immunizations for 'moral reasons' is morally despicable.

            • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

              Blanket vaccination policies didn't quite work in the effort to eliminate smallpox.
              A change to aggressive targeted vaccintaion policies did the trick.
  • in a few weeks, poor innocent little children will get visits from aunt bertha and grandma marge, and the first thing the strange smelly relatives will do is find the innocent children, exclaim "my how you've grown!" or "aren't you the cutest thing, i could eat you up!" and, approaching the children, who will now be rapt in horror, they will proceed to plant wet sloppy kisses, over the protestations and gyrations of the children sturggling to break free of the bear arm grip

    and, the kids are right to object. they are trying to avoid herpes and alzheimers

    kisses from old relatives is a brain mummifying disease

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        There's an issue with this of course. By the time you get older -- say, into your early 20s -- about 50% of the people your own age have oral HSV-1. What do you do, live in fear of contracting the virus? Don't kiss your date good night? Only consider romantic involvement with the 50% of the population that doesn't have HSV-1?

        The problem is that the only way to avoid getting HSV-1 that isn't completely absurd is to just be lucky.

  • I wonder... (Score:5, Interesting)

    by dexmachina (1341273) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:24PM (#26024579)
    With these findings in mind, it would be interesting if someone were to do a study and see if there's a correlation between Alzheimer's incidence and people who have a tendency to get cold sores. Since only 20-40% (according to TFA) of HSV-1 carriers develop cold sores, I wonder if being susceptible to outbreaks indicates a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's later in life. You'd have to correct for all sorts of environment factors, but still, as someone who gets cold sores something awful that would be a very interesting study. Anyways, great article, it's good news if something comes out of this. HSV in its different varieties is already known to be responsible for quite a few diseases so only good can come out of more research into it.
  • by blind biker (1066130) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:41PM (#26024739) Journal

    Can one be tested for the herpes simplex virus? I never had an outbreak, but one winter when I was cyclilng in -17C (stupid, yeah, gimme a break, I love cycling) I got a cold sore on the tip of my nose. So now I would like to be able to dismiss the idea I have herpes simplex. But if I have it, I'd like to start a therapy ASAP - I don't want to get Alzheimer's.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Any chance it was simply frostbite?

      • by blind biker (1066130) on Sunday December 07 2008, @07:22PM (#26025497) Journal

        Yes, yes it was a frostbite! Is that not the same as a cold sore, then?

        See, this happens because English is not my native tongue. Never lived in an English-speaking country, either. While I do have a reasonably good command of it, there are rare instances where English fools me, just like now.

        Note to self: cold sore != frostbite

  • Herpes Simplex... (Score:4, Interesting)

    by actionbastard (1206160) on Sunday December 07 2008, @05:42PM (#26024751)
    Might not be the only culprit here. Chicken pox (V. zoster) and Shingles (H. zoster) are related to HSV1 and HSV2. Many people may have had either -or both- of these infections as children or adults and carry the virus in a dormant state in their body. The research does not address these other -possible very prevalent- vectors in AD.
    • Exactly. There are a wide variety of diseases that are forms of or are related to HSV1/2. Chicken pox and shingles are just two. Additionally, there is viral meningitis, a form of encephalitis, occular herpes, and more.

      Finally, this news isn't that exactly that new. They originally discovered a link between Alzheimer's and HSV-1 in the late 70s. This is just the latest study that confirms this.

  • by pragma_x (644215) on Sunday December 07 2008, @06:35PM (#26025171) Journal

    This is excellent news for most slashdotters since the herpes 'cold-sore' virus is typically transmitted by kissing.

    • by mkiwi (585287) on Sunday December 07 2008, @06:48PM (#26025277)

      This is excellent news for most slashdotters since the herpes 'cold-sore' virus is typically transmitted by kissing.

      I said something like that to a doctor once at Mayo clinic. Imagine my surprise when he snapped back, "You can get it from kissing a glass."

    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      HSV and VZV take up residency within the nervous system, where they remain indefinitely. Even if your proposed solution does kill an active HSV infection, it will not root out the latent virus, thus the cold sores will continue to periodically recur.

      • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

        If homeopathy works, then my distilled water is more powerful than any of their concoctions!

    • by quixote9 (999874) on Sunday December 07 2008, @11:06PM (#26027753) Homepage
      BHT stands for butylated hydroxytoluene. I'd be worried about the metabolites of anything that has toluene as a component. Think paint thinner. That stuff is not healthy in any significant quantity. BHT has been used as a food preservative since way back, but that too doesn't mean it's good for you. And it implies it's NOT good for you in any appreciable quantity. The reason things work as preservatives is because they're more or less toxic to living things, like bacteria, but in larger quantities also to larger living things.

      Let someone else be the guinea pig on this....
    • by spectecjr (31235) on Monday December 08 2008, @01:42AM (#26029141) Homepage

      You should read the other papers by Wozniak and Itzhaki. They include, for example, studies on how the HSV1 virus in-situ in nerve cells affects the expression of tau and beta-amyloid proteins, causing them to generate the exact types of plaques seen in AD patients.

      They've done a pretty damn compelling job. If they didn't have to dot their i's and cross their t's to the nth degree, I'd have called this one and said it's in the bag years ago.