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Visual Hallucinations Are a Normal Grief Reaction

Posted by kdawson on Wed Dec 03, 2008 08:13 AM
from the who-goes-there dept.
Hugh Pickens writes "Vaughn Bell has written an interesting essay at Scientific American about grief hallucinations. This phenomenon is a normal reaction to bereavement that is rarely discussed, although researchers now know that hallucinations are more likely during times of stress. Mourning seems to be a time when hallucinations are particularly common, to the point where feeling the presence of the deceased is the norm rather than the exception. A study by Agneta Grimby at the University of Goteborg found that over 80 percent of elderly people experience hallucinations associated with their dead partner one month after bereavement, as if their perception had yet to catch up with the knowledge of their beloved's passing. It's not unusual for people who have lost a partner to clearly see or hear the person about the house, and sometimes even converse with them at length. 'Despite the fact that hallucinations are one of the most common reactions to loss, they have barely been investigated and we know little more about them. Like sorrow itself, we seem a little uncomfortable with it, unwilling to broach the subject,' writes Bell. 'We often fall back on the cultural catch all of the "ghost" while the reality is, in many ways, more profound.' "
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  • And yet.... (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:16AM (#25974045)

    Yet, there are more things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy...

    • Imagine that (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:37AM (#25974831)
      On the human brain: Large enough to support a vast, fertile imagination, yet still too small to often recognize imagination for what it is.
      • by MickLinux (579158) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @12:01PM (#25976783) Journal

        The human brain seems to be very good at making shortcuts to speed up processing.

        So when I'm around my wife, my human brain assumes that the person I see is my wife (shoot, it even assumes the warmth next to me in bed is my wife, and that the person I'm talking to is my wife), and interprets it that way for me.

        So in bereavement, suddenly you're deprived of the actual stimulus. But that doesn't mean that the brain is going to let those circuits sit idle. No... the moment any unknown stimulus comes in, it's going to try to match it to the "wife" circuit. And if the "wife" circuit triggers better than anything else, then that's what I'm going to see.

        In other words, we don't see things as they are; we see them as we interpret them.

        So I suspect that this is just a case of the bereaved person mistaking a cat streaking around the house for their spouse. Or a bird in the air, etc.

        Which doesn't mean that I don't believe in the human soul, and heaven and hell. But I don't think this is it. There's a better, simpler explaination at hand, and one that matches my occasional experience even nowadays, when I'm not bereaved.

        "Laura, is that you out there?" ... oh no, sorry. It's just my son's friend.

        • by syousef (465911) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @03:01PM (#25979219) Journal

          The human brain seems to be very good at making shortcuts to speed up processing.

          So when I'm around my wife, my human brain assumes that the person I see is my wife (shoot, it even assumes the warmth next to me in bed is my wife, and that the person I'm talking to is my wife), and interprets it that way for me.

          If your brain was REALLY good at making shortcuts, it'd skip all that and use the only shortcut a married man needs: "Yes dear" ;-)

      • by MrMr (219533) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:11AM (#25974487)
        Bad point. There may well be less things in heaven and earth than are dreamt of. Especially if you consider for instance pre-election rethoric as dreams.
        • Re:And yet.... (Score:5, Insightful)

          by Paranatural (661514) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:41AM (#25974877)

          Like sorrow itself, we seem a little uncomfortable with it, unwilling to broach the subject,' writes Bell. 'We often fall back on the cultural catch all of the "ghost" while the reality is, in many ways, more profound.' "

          I think you may be inadvertently particlaly correct. I believe there are both more and less things here on Earth than we think. Less ghosts and spirits, more real things like elbowed squid and shrimp that breathe methane and live in 500 C thermal vents.

          Truthfully though, I think the reason people are uncomfortable to research it is who wants to tell the 70 year old woman that the conversation she had last night with her dead husband that has now brought her some peace was a hallucination/dream?

          Besides, the researchers may well find themselves on the other end of that hallucination.

          • by thePowerOfGrayskull (905905) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @10:01AM (#25975147) Homepage Journal

            Besides, the researchers may well find themselves on the other end of that hallucination.

            I totally hate when the people I'm studying start hallucinating me.

              • Re:And yet.... (Score:5, Insightful)

                by brkello (642429) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @03:49PM (#25980019)
                And I had a dream last night that there was a loud speaker in my house that said one of my co-workers had died and I needed to come in to work. Here I am at work and no one has died. Not really interesting since nothing happened...but if it did, then I would have the same sort of story you did.

                We dream all kinds of crazy things. Just because every now and then a coincidence happens doesn't really mean anything. It isn't science because it isn't repeatable. Now if every night your dreams could predict something real, then you might have something. Right now you just have a +5 interesting story.
  • Ghosts (Score:4, Insightful)

    by tehcyder (746570) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:18AM (#25974053) Journal
    One thing that the death of someone I loved has proved to me is that there are no ghosts, and certainly no afterlife.

    The dead only live on in people's memories.

    • Re:Ghosts (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:28AM (#25974117)

      One thing that the death of someone I loved has proved to me is that there are no ghosts, and certainly no afterlife.

      How exactly did someone's death prove there is no afterlife? I can understand not believing in an afterlife, but how did someone you love's dying prove it?

      • Re:Ghosts (Score:5, Funny)

        by Hijacked Public (999535) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:05AM (#25974419)
        Dug 'em up, they were still in there.
      • Re:Ghosts (Score:4, Insightful)

        by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:11AM (#25974491)

        One thing that the death of someone I loved has proved to me is that there are no ghosts, and certainly no afterlife.

        How exactly did someone's death prove there is no afterlife? I can understand not believing in an afterlife, but how did someone you love's dying prove it?

        Seems like a very subjective opinion, and no "proof" as such.

        I can only assume he was referring to the fact that his grief caused him to feel that the person was still there (i.e. hallucinating), and this experience was resembling the "ghost" phenomenon to such an extent that he can see why people would think there are ghosts.

      • Because belief in an afterlife didn't make him feel any better. Since that was in fact its major selling point, as an all purpose disaster recovery solution, he wisely decided not to renew the license after the incident.

        People really need to understand that while religious solution providers have great marketing departments, by objective measures their systems leave a lot to be desired and often don't justify the TCO, or the inevitable lock in to the providers total solution suite.

      • Re:Ghosts (Score:5, Funny)

        by clam666 (1178429) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:45AM (#25974913)

        How exactly did someone's death prove there is no afterlife? I can understand not believing in an afterlife, but how did someone you love's dying prove it?/

        He postulated his epistemology a priori then pronounced it a posteriori posthumously.

        Probably.

        • Re:Ghosts (Score:5, Interesting)

          by TheLink (130905) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @11:48AM (#25976589) Journal
          AFAIK so far there's no scientific theory to explain "self awareness"/"consciousness", and I suspect it's the very first observation all scientists make - observation of self. Why should there be such a phenomenon in the first place?

          One of my current theories of consciousness is it's the result of the mind recursively simulating/predicting itself as part of simulating/predicting the universe, and peeking into the future of what it is going to think next. It's very useful for a creature to predict the world around it, including other creatures, and it often has to predict itself.

          But even if that is the case why should it cause the phenomemon we (I presume it's "we" and not just me :) ) observe? Is it because we're all somehow "cheating" and peeking into the actual future very slightly?
        • Re:Ghosts (Score:4, Interesting)

          by FatAlb3rt (533682) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @11:49AM (#25976603) Homepage

          The fallacy comes in when people start touting said non-existence as a proven fact when it's only based on our current understanding of science. Like this article itself - dismissing it all as hallucinations. Current science can't explain it, so it must be a hallucination.

          But what if it's not?

  • Eh (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Futile Rhetoric (1105323) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:20AM (#25974055)

    Yes, misfiring braincells are way more profound than the possibility of a life after death and all that it entails.

      • Re:Eh (Score:5, Insightful)

        by DriedClexler (814907) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @10:41AM (#25975651)

        Yes, plus, your perceptions are also highly influence by your expectations, both conscious and unconscious. I think that applies here too: if you've come to expect someone being around, your brain will "fill in the missing gaps" (similar in concept to a running-average algorithm).

        In another context, that's why you can't tickle yourself: because your brain "expects" the feeling of your fingers, since you're also the one generating that touch. In order to successfully tickle yourself, you have to introduce a time lag: set up some device such that when you operate it, a few seconds later it your motions get transformed into a tickling motion against your skin.

  • Morning (Score:5, Funny)

    by Dan East (318230) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:22AM (#25974069) Homepage

    Mourning seems to be a time when hallucinations are particularly common

    Yes, this is very common, and is usually attributed to the caffeine withdrawal symptoms prior to morning coffee.

    • Re:Morning (Score:5, Interesting)

      by elrous0 (869638) * on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:17AM (#25974571)
      A lot of early morning hallucinations probably also come when a person is still asleep, but doesn't realize it. I saw a documentary on sleep research not long ago where they showed that during certain phases of a sleep cycle, a person could actually be asleep and still think they're awake. People in these phases would often interpret lingering sleep paralysis as some weight on their chest, not realizing it was just the remnants of them dreaming.
      • Re:Morning (Score:4, Insightful)

        by yakmans_dad (1144003) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:53AM (#25975039)
        I suffer from bad insomnia which I had thought was even worse until my wife proved to me that a lot of my sleeplessness was caused by my habit of dreaming that I was awake. I'd be lying in bed fretful because I couldn't sleep while my wife was trying to rouse me because I was snoring so loud.

        The illusion of being awake was so strong -- the cliche that we can tell the difference between reality and dreams is a crock -- that I refused to believe her until I had to rouse her for doing the same thing.
  • by Mister Transistor (259842) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:22AM (#25974071) Journal

    For several weeks after a beloved cat of mine died, I swear I saw him out of the corner of my eye a few times! Most of the "hallucinations" were brief glimpses, but one I particularly remember I turned a corner and swear I saw him sitting there. I even said involuntarily "Hi, Prince..." then realized after a few seconds that nothing was there. Pretty creepy, huh? After about a month or so I stopped "seeing" him around. So long, my friend.

    • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:25AM (#25974085)

      That's quite clearly just a simple glitch in the Matrix.

    • by pdh11 (227974) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:37AM (#25974189) Homepage

      I turned a corner and swear I saw him sitting there. I even said involuntarily "Hi, Prince..."

      Stories like this make me wonder whether we actually hallucinate the presence of cats, maybe even people, all the time, and it's only when it happens after the cat has passed away that we think twice about such events and realise that they must have been hallucinations...

      Peter

      • by MrMr (219533) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:20AM (#25974613)
        I have been told "You don't exist, go away!" [cygwin.com]. Perhaps that was no error message.
      • Ghost stories (Score:5, Interesting)

        by mcgrew (92797) * on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:56AM (#25975061) Journal

        The mind is a wierd thing to live in. I've "seen a ghost" twice in my life. Both were wierd. Neither was explicable.

        The first time my oldest was an infant and my youngest wasn't born. We lived in a funny shaped house by a railroad track (we were dirt poor). The (now ex) wife and I had just gone to bed, and both of us saw a thin, very pale woman with long black hair and wearing what looked like a "dressing gown"' from ages past walking past the bedroom door! We thought there was an intruder. We both jumped up, I looking for the intruder and she checking to make sure the baby was alright.

        It was extremely strange that we would both have the same hallucination at the same time. We finally decided that we'd seen the ghost of a woman who'd been struck by a train.

        The second time I saw a ghost I came to the conclusion that seeing ghosts isn't a hallucination or sight of a disembodied spirit but a wrinkle in the spacetime continuum. The girls were visiting the wife's family in Missouri and I had the house to myself. I was sitting on the toilet, and since I was alone I didn't bother shutting the bathroom door.

        I looked up just as a woman wearing contemporary-looking clothing walked up to the door, startled out of her wits as if she'd seen a ghost, as was I, -- and then she vanished.

        There is a lot about the physical world that we not only have never investigated, but never expected or suspected.

        • Re:Ghost stories (Score:5, Insightful)

          by Koiu Lpoi (632570) <koiulpoi&gmail,com> on Wednesday December 03 2008, @11:39AM (#25976467)

          same hallucination at the same time.

          I am reminded of cases where people's story for court testimony can be changed by reinforcement of those around them.

          Either that or an Arwen-Liv-Tyler-Ninja really did walk past your room.

        • by p.e.r.i.o.d.i.c.a.l (1344185) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @11:55AM (#25976691)

          I was sitting on the toilet, and since I was alone I didn't bother shutting the bathroom door.

          I looked up just as a woman wearing contemporary-looking clothing walked up to the door, startled out of her wits as if she'd seen a ghost, as was I

          So, in other words, it scared the shit out of you...

    • by elrous0 (869638) * on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:11AM (#25974493)

      In the same way a human brain seems wired to see recognizable patterns in random material, I think a part of us is also hard-wired to seek familiarity and anticipate familiar sights by "seeing" them before they actually appear. That's why it's so shocking (or even traumatizing) when you see the same sight your whole life, only to have it disappear or radically change one day. I remember one story from a New Yorker after 9-11 who said he occasionally still spotted the towers out of the corner of his eye because he was so used to them being there.

      Most humans find comfort in the familiar. And when it's not there, it can be very hard for us to accept--and take even more time for the brain to adjust to that absence.

  • by theilliterate (1381151) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:45AM (#25974251)
    That in 80% of cases some remnant, some energy of that person was left behind? Just because it happens frequently doesn't mean it is *not* supernatural in nature.

    Do they have MRIs of people while they are experiencing a hallucination like this? Something to show the brain is dreaming, and not simply observing?

    By the same token, I suppose we can't really prove that there is an observation going on. I've had family members relate to me that they remember a sequence of events, in a very specific way. I remember the same events differently. Either we are people from different dimensions who have slipped between worlds to share this one, or we have altered our own memories to suit what we would have liked to happen. One of these is more consistent with current science. It doesn't guarantee that the other option won't be found to be possible at some point.
    • by Andr T. (1006215) <andretaff AT gmail DOT com> on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:55AM (#25974317)

      Just because it happens frequently doesn't mean it is *not* supernatural in nature.

      That's why I pray every day to our great Flying Spaghetti Monster so I can see his terrific, supernatural tentacles grabbing down everything where others just see "gravity".

        • by Andr T. (1006215) <andretaff AT gmail DOT com> on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:17AM (#25974561)
          Of course it could. But (and now I'm restricted to the realm of science) if you want to claim something is supernatural, you'll have to have good evidence to prove it.

          You can believe anything you want (and anyone will have a hard time proving you're wrong, even if you really are). It's just a matter of choice. But if you want your claims to be heard (by me at least, a very skeptic person) you have to follow some more criteria. But that's just me.

      • by Lurker2288 (995635) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @10:28AM (#25975507)
        That's a load of horseshit, and the fact that you'd make such a claim suggests to me that you have very little contact with people doing actual science. When I was a grad student hanging around the bio department, the folks in the department are some of the cleverest, most engaged individuals you're ever likely to meet, and they're all hungry to dig out new concepts and ideas. Imagine being the guy who creates an entirely new field of study--even if you died penniless and unsung, you'd be a legend. Many, many scientists would be willing to pursue long shots for such an opportunity.

        The problem with 99% of the so-called supernatural is that there's not the slightest damn bit of evidence to support new fields of study. There was a lab at Duke University for at least 20-30 years for the study of psi phenomenon like ESP, telepathy, etc. Now, granted, I'm sure they weren't the most highly funded department, but in all the time they were active they never found a damn thing. If these phenomenon were real, wouldn't you expect to see SOMETHING? And if you found solid evidence of some hitherto fantastic phenomenon, wouldn't you trumpet it from the rooftops even if mainstream scientists ignored you? Yet no good evidence seems to exist.

        It's a very handy position for the fringe crowd: blame mainstream science for marginalizing your ideas, and if a real scientist does produce data contradicting your claims, just keep clamoring for more money and more research, regardless of how little support you may have for your claims.
  • by seanellis (302682) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @08:48AM (#25974269) Homepage Journal

    You've been living with someone for years, you develop a model of their behavior in your brain. With them there, this helps to predict where they are likely to be, what they said in that indistinct murmur from the other room, how they are likely to react when you say that you're late for the third time this week.

    So this model is going to be still running even after they have gone. You "know" that your spouse will be in the living room watching "Strictly Come Dancing" because it's 7pm. So your mental model will fill them in, and as you walk into the room it will take a little time for the model to adjust. Is this the "corner of the eye" effect at work?

    OK, so I'm not a clinical psychologist, not even close. But it seems a very plausible model to me.

  • by handy_vandal (606174) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:05AM (#25974429) Homepage Journal

    Sounds to me like the social equivalent of phantom limb pain [wikipedia.org]: "My other half is gone, but I still feel his/her presence."

    I'm also reminded of sensory deprivation [wikipedia.org] -- when deprived of normal sensory input, the mind generates hallucinatory sensations.

  • by Xelios (822510) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:24AM (#25974679)
    They've barely been investigated because one of the best avenues for investigating them, hallucinogenic drugs, has been actively suppressed. Take the tryptamines for example. Here we have a class of chemicals that are, for the most part, physically harmless, that can be administered in a controlled setting and are all but guaranteed to produce hallucinations. Hell one of them, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), is even produced naturally in the human brain. This is the most powerful hallucinogen known to exist, yet we know almost nothing about it or what it's doing there, because (ironically) it's a Schedule I drug. Technically, we're all guilty of possession of a controlled substance.

    Whether these things should be legalized is another topic, but at least make it easier for researchers to do legitimate science with them. Just tell me where to sign up.
    • Hallucinations (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Tuidjy (321055) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @01:56PM (#25978309)

      I've had one hallucination, without any grief or drugs. I think stress is enough.

      I was kayaking nears rocks, surfing very high waves, lost my kayak, and spent 15 minutes in the surf, hitting rocks multiple times. I got out, retrieved my kayak, launched, and paddled to a place where I could relax... then I had a pretty long and elaborate hallucination.

      It involved three-four deities (Tangra, Athena, Poseidon and the Lady) and the appropriate sacrifices I should perform for my pretty damn miraculous survival. I'm an atheist, and I cannot help but think that this is how religions get started.

  • not just death (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Lord Ender (156273) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:45AM (#25974915) Homepage

    I observed this phenomenon with grief over a girlfriend. We broke up after four years together. Afterward, I kept seeing her out of the corner of my eye, and my heart would skip a beat. It was always someone else, though.

    Another unusual visual phenomenon: when the grief was particularly overwhelming, I started seeing in black-and-white, or at least with muted perception of color.

    Since then I have avoided this problem by always breaking up with a girl as soon as things start getting serious. Hey, it works.

  • Ghosts (Score:4, Insightful)

    by Doc Ruby (173196) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:52AM (#25975021) Homepage Journal

    Or, they're ghosts.

    • Re:Eternal (Score:4, Funny)

      by mcgrew (92797) * on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:51AM (#25974997) Journal

      Time and space is an illusion

      Lunchtime doubly so

        • Re:simple (Score:5, Informative)

          by Abcd1234 (188840) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:50AM (#25974995) Homepage

          a human is also an entity and a form of energy, in addition to the body mass and the heat it generates.

          No, it's not.

          physically it should have been impossible for 20 of them to combine and create exponentially higher impact on their environment.

          I can't even describe how incredibly wrong and stupid this statement is. By this definition termites must have some sort of "higher energy" (ever seen an African termite nest [branchy.com]?).

          therefore, philosophically, according to conservation of energy

          Good Christ, man. Now you're going to try to co-opt the laws of conservation of energy, despite clearly having no idea what you're talking about? Here, let me explain it to you:

          The sun beams energy, in the form of radiation, to Earth.
          Plants convert that radiation into chemical energy.
          I eat that chemical energy.
          I then expend said chemical energy welding a girder to a skyscraper.

          Hey, look at that, I'm increasing the order of my local universe by utilizing energy provided to me by the sun. No magic needed.

          this tells that when a human complex dies, there is some other form of energy released that equals everything that human complex did in his life minus his body mass and heat.

          And that tells me that you're so desperate to believe that you'll survive after you're dead that you'll make up basically anything. You know, like Jesus did.

          Let me make this simple: when you die, you're dead. Your body decomposes, and the various compounds that make up your corpse enter the food chain. That's it. So make the best of this life. It's the only one you get, and once it's done, it's *done*.

        • Re:Love? (Score:4, Insightful)

          by Lurker2288 (995635) on Wednesday December 03 2008, @09:55AM (#25975053)
          To be honest, this just sounds like a 'no true Scotsman' argument. 'Love' is defined as only those parts of love which are positive, uplifting, and nuturative, and the potentially nasty baggage (possessiveness, obsession, etc) are wtritten off as something separate.

          Nor would I necessarily agree that love is the basis of all human society. I live in a big city where there are fairly consistent patterns of behavior which you'd consider polite and civil (folks hold doors for each other, say excuse me when they bump into someone, offer subway seats to the elderly or infirm, etc). I don't think this is due so much to some hidden wellspring of love for our common man as much as a desire to keep things running smoothly--I treat you with a certain amount of respect and politeness, and you do likewise. For all I care you might be thinking about how nice it would be to strangle me, but as long as you keep your behavior civil we can get along. It's more 'social contract' than 'love'.