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Black Holes Don't Trap Information Forever

Posted by Soulskill on Thu May 15, 2008 11:11 PM
from the duh-it-wants-to-be-free dept.
sciencehabit writes "New calculations suggest that black holes are not a one-way street. Anything that falls into them may eventually come out. The findings lend important support to quantum gravity, but fly in the face of Einsteinian relativity. They also support Stephen Hawking's reluctant admission that information couldn't be destroyed by black holes. Penn State researcher Ahbay Ashtekar was quoted saying, 'Once we realized that the notion of space-time as a continuum is only an approximation of reality, it became clear to us that singularities are merely artifacts of our insistence that space-time should be described as a continuum.' Let the physics infighting begin."
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[+] Steven Hawking Loses Bet On Black Holes? 477 comments
st1d writes "Looks like Steven Hawking might have to pay up on an old bet regarding black holes - seems his idea about them destroying information wasn't quite living up to his expectations: 'The about-turn might cost Hawking, a physicist at the University of Cambridge, an encyclopaedia because of a bet he made in 1997. More importantly, it might solve one of the long-standing puzzles in modern physics.' He's due to make a formal announcement July 21."
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  • Oh great... (Score:5, Funny)

    by Cryacin (657549) on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:15PM (#23428836)
    So I can't even wipe my drives by throwing them into a black hole?!? Grumble... (fires up microwave)
  • pretty continua (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:16PM (#23428850)
    Continua are so much prettier mathematically though. Couldn't quantisation just be an artifact of a closed universe i.e. standing wave modes in a finitely sized continuum ? Quantum theory is so damn *ugly* compared to GR and its extensions (Kaluza-Klein, Einstein-Cartan). Sigh.

    • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:23PM (#23428900)
      Its just that the simulator for this universe has a cell-size, so anything below a plank length is just being approximated to speed up the calculations.
      • wrong (Score:5, Funny)

        by goombah99 (560566) on Friday May 16 2008, @01:16AM (#23429546)

        Its just that the simulator for this universe has a cell-size, so anything below a plank length is just being approximated to speed up the calculations.
        No they tried that and if failed. It turned out that really the simulations of our world are being done in a 6 dimensional world. Since it's six dimensional it's not really a burden on their computers. FOr example, if you lived on a 2-d plane of finite size and tried to simulate another 2-d world, you'd end up like you say having to make the simulation smaller than the world it lives in and hence cell-size effects would pop up and you'd consume a good fraction of all the resources in your 2-d world to represent another 2-d world.

        But if you live in a 3-d world then having a bunch of 2-d simmulations is like have a ream of paper. 500 sheets of paper stack up nicely and consume very little of our 3-d world.

        in 6-d our 3-d world is a trivial piece of it and computers can easily simmulate it.

        No the problem is that there's not an algebraic solution to any polynomial greater than fifth order. Thus they wind up having to numerically approximate the mappings from 6D and this has round off errors from the finite bit floating point representation in Exel 6D.

        • Re:wrong (Score:5, Funny)

          by EdIII (1114411) * on Friday May 16 2008, @08:25AM (#23432194)
          I'll admit it. That stuff is so far over my head I can't tell if you are insightful or funny. I feel like the 2 year old little child laughing with his parents even though he has no understanding of what is going on. Speaking of that, I have to go poopie.
          • Re:pretty continua (Score:5, Insightful)

            by John Hasler (414242) on Friday May 16 2008, @09:59AM (#23433730)
            > You grow, shrink, and twist in 4 spatial dimensions, X/Y/Z/T.

            That statement implies the existence of a second kind of time. If only x,y,z,t exist then you don't "do" anything in that four-dimensional space. You simply exist as a static four-dimensional object in a static four-dimensional universe.
    • by Anne_Nonymous (313852) on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:44PM (#23429054) Homepage Journal
      >> Couldn't quantisation just be an artifact of a closed universe i.e. standing wave modes in a finitely sized continuum ?

      Yes, however, I think the more critical questions are:

      Who put the bomp in the bomp bah bomp bah bomp?
      Who put the ram in the rama lama ding dong?
      Who put the bop in the bop shoo bop shoo bop?
      Who put the dip in the dip da dip da dip?
    • by symbolset (646467) on Friday May 16 2008, @12:04AM (#23429146) Journal

      The quantum unit of information is a "ficton".

      The rest of the jokes write themselves.

        • No (Score:5, Insightful)

          by symbolset (646467) on Friday May 16 2008, @12:45AM (#23429376) Journal

          Well, actually, the quantum unit of information is a bit.

          No, the binary quantum unit of information is a bit. A ficton is several orders of magnitude "smaller" than that. A bit can be true or false. A light that's on or off. A ficton is a value that represents the smallest possible division of "possibly true". The universe is not binary at a very fine scale. Things fade in and out of frame with increasing and decreasing probability in the present moment. It's only when the arrow of entropy has passed and the frame is set that a thing was or was not, from our point of view.

        • by Vectronic (1221470) on Friday May 16 2008, @12:48AM (#23429392)
          is a bit what?... damnit man, finish your sentences! /kidding
    • Re:pretty continua (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Gerzel (240421) <brollyferret@gm a i l .com> on Friday May 16 2008, @12:11AM (#23429182) Journal
      Don't worry.

      This too will be shown to just be an approximation which doesn't actually reflect how the universe works.

      That's all physics is in the end.
      • Re:pretty continua (Score:5, Interesting)

        by joggle (594025) on Friday May 16 2008, @12:57AM (#23429440) Homepage Journal
        That's a metaphysical question. Is the universe infinitely complex? Most physicists don't believe it is. If you try doing some google searches along the line of 'infinitely complex universe' you may find some interesting metaphysics debates on the subject.
        • Re:pretty continua (Score:5, Insightful)

          by GunFodder (208805) on Friday May 16 2008, @01:29AM (#23429634)
          I suspect most physicists would rather believe that they are working towards a final description of the universe rather than just another step on an infinite progression.

          Asking a physicist if the universe is infinitely complex is like asking a salesman if his product is shoddy. They both have a vested interest in the answer.
            • Re:pretty continua (Score:5, Informative)

              by Herve5 (879674) on Friday May 16 2008, @05:13AM (#23430874)
              You remind me of what Lord Kelvin was telling his students 100 years ago. Something like: "I'm sad for you, since the Physics is now complete" . Just after that sentence, quantum physics and relativity were discovered ;-)
              • Re:pretty continua (Score:5, Interesting)

                by Intron (870560) on Friday May 16 2008, @08:09AM (#23432006)
                "There are grounds for cautious optimism that we may now be near the end of the search for the ultimate laws of nature."
                  - Stephen Hawking making the same mistake much more recently
                • by Walt Dismal (534799) on Friday May 16 2008, @09:12AM (#23432826)
                  I've always wondered about the following:

                  if two particles are quantum-entangled, and you separate them, they remain entangled and you can monitor the state of one using the other. (Although I never understood what happens when one particle is accelerated to near light speed: how do two particles on different time scales stay connected?)

                  So now drop one particle of the pair into a black hole.

                  If they remain entangled, then you clearly have a way to pass information out of the black hole (although time may be stretched so it's not instantaneous anymore). This breaks known physics.

                  If their entanglement is broken off, then it means the gravitation boundary of a black hole trumps quantum entanglement. But that breaks known physics.

                  I'll take questions from the audience now. Yes, Dr Kip Thorne?

                  Thorne: You bastard.

            • If eventually the universe was completely described, what use would there be for science?
              I can think of a use or forty-two...

              It would be good for one person's place in the history books to discover the Ultimate Final Secret of the Entire Universe, but boring as hell thereafter.
              Boring my left buttock. The brilliant minds who had devoted their lives to science would likely devote their lives to engineering.
              • Re:pretty continua (Score:5, Interesting)

                by rtb61 (674572) on Friday May 16 2008, @06:01AM (#23431112) Homepage
                That has always been the problem when you make the universe infinite, the only effective way of doing so is to define infinity as a dimensions and reality is just the expression of finite probabilities, even when any fraction of infinity is infinite in itself.

                An interesting way of expressing this is with a coin toss. A finite probability of two possible results, heads or tails. However that coin toss can also be infinitely complex when you consider a far more complex reaction, like which calcium atoms would transfer from the surface of your thumb nail to the surface of the table during that same experiment, a result that would not only be governed by the orbital motions of the sub atomic particles making up the surface of the your nail, the coin and the table but also the larger motions of galaxy altering gravity, major electro magnetic fields and your only own personal reactions, a infinitely complex calculation far beyond our abilities to forecast.

                The interesting point being that based upon significance, an 'in reality' infinitely complex reaction can be reduced to the simple finite result of heads or tails, hmm, the nature of our universe and, the importance of relativity and significance.

      • by MadnessASAP (1052274) <madnessasap@gmail.com> on Friday May 16 2008, @01:09AM (#23429498)
        Hah! That pretty much describes all the science classes I've ever taken. First day of class always went something like this "Just kidding all that hard work you did was actually pointless. This is hows the universe "actually" works. *snicker*"
      • by Tablizer (95088) on Friday May 16 2008, @01:20AM (#23429566) Homepage Journal

        This too will be shown to just be an approximation which doesn't actually reflect how the universe works. That's all physics is in the end.

        +0.99999997387120382 Insightful

             
    • by timeOday (582209) on Friday May 16 2008, @12:33AM (#23429302)

      Continua are so much prettier mathematically though
      I can see you're not a computer scientist! Give me finite discrete quantities any day :)
    • Re:pretty continua (Score:5, Interesting)

      by pclminion (145572) on Friday May 16 2008, @12:47AM (#23429386)
      Just because we haven't figured out the beautiful way to describe it doesn't mean it's not beautiful. I think both GR and QM are inherently beautiful for revealing to us that the universe really doesn't work at all in the way we think it does. We're too large to experience everyday quantum effects, too small for relativistic effects. We live in the boring middle. Whether the math is beautiful or not, the reality certainly is.
    • No phase transitions (Score:5, Interesting)

      by goombah99 (560566) on Friday May 16 2008, @01:08AM (#23429486)
      It's interesting they are only just realizing it. Thermodynamic folks have had to deal with a related issue for a long time.

      Almost everything interesting in thermo has to do with a phase transitition popping up somewhere.

      THe funny thing is this. There are no phase transitions in the real world. THey only occur on paper continuuum models. However there are a lot of things that look awfully like phase transitions so they are useful to think about.

      What am I babbling about. Well phase transitions happen at places where infinite derivatives occur in mappings. And that's all fine on paper where you have an infinite number of states. If you think of states as being something like basis vectors then it' like saying you can write a fourier transform of a square edge with a continuum of frequencies.

      But since there's only a finite number of states available to any system, you dont have enough basis vectors to describe a discountinuty.

      So phase transitions dont' exist technically speaking. There's always some transition zone around the edge of the transition.

      I think this is what they are talking about here.
  • by LeafOnTheWind (1066228) on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:18PM (#23428862)

    Once we realized that the notion of space-time as a continuum is only an approximation of reality, it became clear to us that singularities are merely artifacts of our insistence that space-time should be described as a continuum.
    I already discovered this during a wild acid trip 30 years ago. Man, the space time continuum is just an illusion - it's all about the singularities. When will The Man start listening and give me my Nobel Prize.
  • Come out again?! (Score:5, Interesting)

    by ink_13 (675938) <erlogan@g[ ]l.com ['mai' in gap]> on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:23PM (#23428902)
    I was under the impression that due to the relativistic effects, stuff (photons, matter, information, whatever) wasn't so much destroyed by a black hole as indefinitely delayed, owing to the massive bending of space-time by the singularity. Or do they mean by "eventually" what I mean: it might eventually come out, but the time it takes approaches infinity.
  • Wow, I can't wait to see how the writers of The Big Bang Theory will use this new theory to move Leonard's and Penny's love story along. Maybe Sheldon will make an oblique reference to it?
  • by Raul654 (453029) on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:27PM (#23428926) Homepage
    Black holes, however, are not "hairy" either. That is to say, a black hole can be entirely characterized by its position/velocity/acceleration, mass, charge, and rotation. There is (literally) no other definable characteristic of a black hole besides these things.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:30PM (#23428952)
    Does that mean that there's the slightest probability to unsee goatse and live a normal life again?
          • by Jesus_666 (702802) on Friday May 16 2008, @07:50AM (#23431824)
            An apocryphal text mentions this:

            And lo, the LORD appeared unto Moses and the LORD said thus: "Moses, I command you to look at this picture I found." And Moses looked at the picture and it was of a naked man doing unusual things to his behind. And a great unease came over Moses and he said: "My LORD, I beg you for a spoon to carve my eyes out with." And the LORD was greatly amused.
  • LHC (Score:5, Funny)

    by ViX44 (893232) on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:38PM (#23429010)
    It is a pity that, after they fire up the Large Hadron Collider, we won't survive to hear Hawking's reluctant admission that tiny black holes don't evaporate.
  • by martinX (672498) on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:44PM (#23429056)
    Great. First I learn Newton is only an approximation, atomic theory is only an approximation, Gas *laws* are an approximation and now even Einstein (who I can't understand anyway) is only an approximation as well.

    Will the real reality please reveal itself!
    • In 1687, Isaac Newton wrote is Principia, which defined about half of calculus, and all of Newtonian physics - defining laws of both gravity, and inertia. It is understandable, then with no understanding of quantum mechanics at all, that he did not explicitly mention quantum monkeys at all.

      Maxwell then went on to explain Ether as a medium through which light traveled in 1878, later being disproved in 1881 by Michelson, and laying the groundwork for the discovery of quantum monkeys though the discovery of constant velocity light.

      This was established as mathematically sound in Einstein's theory of special relativity in 1905. General relativity, which explained gravitational effects on light and particles/waves moving fractionally close to the speed of light, was finally established in 1915 by Hilbert and Einstein, surprisingly without mention of quantum monkeys, despite all indications.

      Because of this work, as well as the basics of quantum mechanics established by Einstein, various scientists were able to find the six quarks: Up, Down, Top, Bottom, Charmed and Strange, the last (top) only having been confirmed in a laboratory in 1995. Strangely, however, none of the various experiments which identified quarks also identified quantum monkeys, which would have been readily observable through their quantum-picking-fleas-off-other-quantum-monkey gatherings.

      The first of these discoveries, in the early 1960s made possible a formalization of a unified model in 1970-73 of four fundamental forces, three of which can be unified mathematically under one theory and with particles that are at least indirectly observable (electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear), and a fourth which doesn't quite fit (gravity). Despite these obvious problems, no one started looking at the quantum banana-eating by quantum monkeys as a possible unifying factor.

      To establish a unified theory including gravity, scientists are currently using strings, rather than monkeys, as a unifying element. However, the majority of these theories are neither testable nor useful for the advancement of mankind. None of them so much as mention quantum poo, or postulate that quantum monkeys could have thrown it.

      To this day, the world waits for scientists start to seek out the quantum monkeys that have so long waited for proper credit to be given to them for unifying quantum forces. So we wait still, a working unified theory still out of our grasp.
    • First I learn Newton is only an approximation...now even Einstein...is only an approximation as well. Will the real reality please reveal itself!

      Here ya go [nasa.gov]
           
  • thermo (Score:4, Funny)

    by Lord Ender (156273) on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:47PM (#23429068) Homepage
    Let me propose the newest addition to the laws of thermodynamics:

    Information can not be destroyed.
    • Re:thermo (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Anne Thwacks (531696) on Friday May 16 2008, @03:50AM (#23430424)
      Information can not be destroyed.

      Or, in the language of the non-scientific, "God sees all, God knows everything, God is all powerful".

      Perhaps instead of condemning Christians for being unscientific, modern scientists, like Newton, should put more effort into understanding religious language!

  • Go back? (Score:5, Funny)

    by myrdred (597891) on Friday May 16 2008, @12:07AM (#23429168)
    So, then, once you go black... you can go back?
  • by Twigmon (1095941) on Friday May 16 2008, @12:15AM (#23429200) Homepage
    ...but fly in the face of Einsteinian relativity.

    Sounds like God is a little grumpy about Einstein's letter coming out.
  • by phagstrom (451510) on Friday May 16 2008, @01:15AM (#23429534)
    I can get the information back from /dev/null. My compression scheme does work. Time to take over the world!
    • Re:ridiculous (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Duncan Blackthorne (1095849) on Thursday May 15 2008, @11:47PM (#23429070)
      Time has never reversed or looped or anything crazy like that before so why would it now?

      How the hell would you know if it did?

    • Re:ridiculous (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Urkki (668283) on Friday May 16 2008, @01:04AM (#23429462)

      what do they mean not a continuum? Now we're gonna run out of time?
      No, they mean that time is not like a solid line, it is more like a dotted line, each dot being a moment in time.

      Or better analogy, time runs like a movie, but instead of 24 frames per second of an actual movie, real time runs about
      18550000000000000000000000000000000000000000 frames per second (1/Planck Time).

      And same goes for space. A HD movie on a nice TV might have 2000 pixels per meter. The space has something like 62500000000000000000000000000000000 "pixels" per meter (1/Planck Length).

      (Note to viewers: Things may appear distorted if viewed from great distance or if viewed from a very fast moving car. This is due to the effects of general relativity, and does not reflect the real quality of our production. We apologize for the inconvenience, and hope you will enjoy the show, no matter where you are watching this.)