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Universe May Be Running Out of Time

Posted by Zonk on Fri Dec 21, 2007 02:35 PM
from the ticking-clock dept.
RenHoek writes "With heat death, the big crunch and quite a few other nasty ways in which the universe could see its demise, we can now add "running out of time" to the list. A team of scientists came up with a new theory that would solve the problem of the elusive dark energy that seems to be accelerating the expansion of the universe. They figure that the universe is not speeding up but we are, in relation to the outer regions of space, slowing down. Tests with the upcoming Large Hadron Collider will give more insight if we're going to end up frozen in time."
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  • last post! (Score:5, Funny)

    by yagu (721525) * <yayagu@gmail.cDEGASom minus painter> on Friday December 21 2007, @02:36PM (#21783006) Journal

    Ha, you only think this is offtopic!

  • Time ... (Score:5, Funny)

    by foobsr (693224) * on Friday December 21 2007, @02:36PM (#21783008) Homepage Journal
    ... to book at Milliways !!!

    CC.
  • ManBearPig! (Score:4, Funny)

    by stewbacca (1033764) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:39PM (#21783058)
    Mr. Gore, have you been submitting stories to slashdot again?
    • by fyrie (604735) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:53PM (#21783266)
      Global Slowing (tm) is a CRISIS. Thankfully I've come up with a system of time credits that should alleviate the problem.
    • Hey! Someday he will save the world from immanent destruction and even you will say "Thank you Al Gore! You're super awesome!"
      • Re:EXCELSIOR!! (Score:4, Insightful)

        by pluther (647209) <pluther.usa@net> on Friday December 21 2007, @04:36PM (#21784782) Homepage

        Hey! Someday he will save the world from immanent destruction and even you will say "Thank you Al Gore! You're super awesome!"

        Nah, that's the funny part of it. He can only actually get recognition if he fails.

        If the environmentalists are successful, then nothing will happen.

        It's like the Y2K bug: All those people working to ensure that nothing happens. So when in Y2K, nothing happened, the general response was "huh, guess there never was a problem after all."

  • by explosivejared (1186049) <hagan.jared@g m a i l .com> on Friday December 21 2007, @02:43PM (#21783114)
    "We believe that time emerged during the Big Bang, and if time can emerge, it can also disappear - that's just the reverse effect," he says.

    Of course it could also flip us all upside down and turn everything a light salmon color!

    Note to self: Patent method for garnering scientific celebrity. Come up with outlandish theory, then claim that LHC will move it to the mainstream.
  • by fifedrum (611338) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:44PM (#21783132) Journal
    is this further evidence that we're approaching a black hole? The whole, unverse appears to be accelerating away from us in all directions thing?

    kinda freakin' me out here people, if time slows down too much, it'll be 2:45 Friday afternoon forever!
  • by psbrogna (611644) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:46PM (#21783164)
    I believe this announcement should be taken as a wake up call by the Duke Nukem Forever developers. I'm standing by to place my order while the cosmos collapses around me.
  • by gardyloo (512791) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:46PM (#21783178)
    ... "Time Traveler's Handbook of 1001 Tense Formations"
  • by Dareth (47614) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:49PM (#21783228)
    Fear, long time (relative) slashdotter gets a girl, starts a family and then time stops!

    Great! Just Great!

    My daughter is due early May 2008... not sure what would be worse.. my wife stuck forever pregnant, baby (diapers), or her as a teenager!
  • A big stretch (Score:3, Interesting)

    by prelelat (201821) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:57PM (#21783326)
    Maybe this isn't a sign that time is collapsing or that it will collapse at some point in the far off future. Maybe Space and time are being stretched. There may be finite amount of space and it keeps getting spread thinner, which could effect gravitational forces and then effect time. Somewhat how a black hole can slow time around it, maybe the spreading of the universe is in effect increasing the speed in the spread thin areas. Of course what does that mean when Space and time get spread to thin, so we get tears or does it collapse? Seems devastating either way.

    Then again I only took one entry level university class on the whole thing so I don't think that qualifies me. I just like to think of apposing theories :P
    • by Chemisor (97276) * on Friday December 21 2007, @08:00PM (#21786850) Journal
      I don't know why people come up with these ridiculous "dark energy" theories, when there is a perfectly simple explanation for the expansion of the universe: stars. Remember the traditional illustration of how matter curves space; place a heavy ball onto a sheet of fabric and a depression forms. If the sheet is finite and not fixed at the ends, the depression will "suck in" some of the sheet, reducing its area as seen from above. Likewise, a heavy star curves space around it and "sucks it in", making the universe a little smaller. As the star shines, matter is converted to energy in a fusion reaction. Because radiation is massless, it does not curve space. The star gets lighter, the curvature gets smaller, and the universe expands.

      On the other side of the balance are the black holes, which suck in energy and condense it into a singularity, which has mass. More light falls into the hole, the more massive the hole gets, the more space it sucks in, the more it shrinks the universe. At our current point in the cycle there are more stars than there are black holes, so the universe expands at an accelerating rate. As stars burn out and become black holes the expansion will slow and eventually reverse as all the radiation eventually finds its way back into a black hole. Black holes coalesce and the larger ones can explode, creating material for star formation, thus continuing the cycle. See? No mysterious dark energy is needed; only basic physics.
  • by HTH NE1 (675604) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:58PM (#21783348)
    Cannot run out of time. There is infinite time. You are finite. Zathras is finite. This... is wrong tool. [rummaging] No, not good. Not good. No. No-- never use this!
  • by GuruBuckaroo (833982) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:59PM (#21783366) Homepage
    Zathras: "Cannot run out of time. Time is infinite. You, are finite. Zathras if finite. This.... is wrong tool."
  • by springbox (853816) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:01PM (#21783400)
    I always seem to read Large Hadron Collider as "Large Hardon Collider." Not sure how that's related to science.
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      And to control it they are using the next version of Ubuntu, called Hairy Hardon.
  • Failure of Context (Score:5, Interesting)

    by DynaSoar (714234) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:04PM (#21783448) Journal
    Being "frozen in time" would require a privileged frame of reference from which to observe this. Relativity precludes such a thing.

    If time slows down, we slow down with it, and we don't notice because everything looks normal. This is precisely the gedankenexperiment of the moving train. If you can't handle the relativity, read some science fiction that uses it, such as Tau Zero (the ship can't stop accelerating and ends up crossing the entire universe and watching the big crunch and next big bang) or the Heechee stories (where the guy leaves the rest of his crew trapped around a black hole, and they're recovered decades later, havening spent weeks waiting).

    To have an absolutely 0 tau would require a completely flat universe. As long as any matter and/or energy (dark or light) exists, this is impossible. The rate may approach 0 but cannot achieve it. Thus, there will always be duration, and we will experience it just as we do now.

    Time could be speeding up and slowing down right now, like a lead foot motorist stuck in a traffic jam. We'd never notice because we're stuck in it, no matter what its rate is, like a passenger in said vehicle that can't see outside (minus the inertial effects, because we're talking the universe here, not a locally observable phenomenon).

    The same argument applies to "the universe is expanding". We couldn't detect that either, because we're embedded in space time. We'd expand too. All we can see is the supposed effects of previous expansion, that of Hubble red shift. Try the dots-on-the-balloon experiment. The dots get farther apart. But the distance between them as measured by the size of a dot remains constant.

    It's the same argument because time and space are integrated as space-time. It's essentially the inability to get outside a frame of reference known as "universe".

    Whenever I see one of these goofy assertion articles, I hope for a summary of the math. These goofy results must be arrived at due to an error in assumption. Such an error, if considered to be a valid point, may be just the error that prevents us from integrating gravity with the other forces, and so illuminating and fixing that error could be a major step in theoretical physics.
  • by Trub68 (1140871) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:20PM (#21783692)
    I came accross this information. Seems if light is slowing down why not time? Australian physicist Barry Setterfield and mathematician Trevor Norman examined all of the available experimental measurements to date and have announced a discovery: the speed of light appears to have been slowing down over the years. [Roemer, 1657 (Io eclipse): +/- 307,600 5400 km/sec; Harvard, 1875 (same method): +/- 299,921 13 km/sec; NBS, 1983 (laser method): +/- 299,792.4586 0.0003 km/sec.] They all are approximately 186,000 miles/second; or about one foot/nanosecond.)3 While the margin of error improved over the years, the mean value has noticeably decreased. In fact, the bands of uncertainty hardly overlap. As you would expect, these findings are highly controversial, especially to the more traditional physicists. However, many who scoffed at the idea initially have subsequently begun to take a closer look at the possibilities. Alan Montgomery, the Canadian mathematician, has also analyzed the data statistically and has concluded that the decay of c, the velocity of light, has followed a cosecant-squared curve with a correlation coefficient of better than 99%.
    • Could you provide some links? Alan Montgomery doesn't show up in Wiki doesn't show anything and Google gets too many professors.
    • by shellbeach (610559) on Friday December 21 2007, @10:06PM (#21787572)

      I came accross this information. Seems if light is slowing down why not time? Australian physicist Barry Setterfield and mathematician Trevor Norman examined all of the available experimental measurements to date and have announced a discovery: the speed of light appears to have been slowing down over the years.
      Not enough ns, presumably highly vague estimates of error. You can't write that c is decreasing based on three measurements, which is probably why only 16 dodgy publications [google.com] have cited this work since it was published in 1987.

      I'm also slightly disturbed by the fact that you copied your post paragraph verbatim from http://www.khouse.org/articles/1995/58/ [khouse.org], a web site that has as its mission statement, "To create, develop, and distribute materials to stimulate, encourage, and facilitate serious study of the Bible as the inerrant Word of God." Probably not the best source for a discussion of theoretical physics, methinks ...
  • by Mantrid (250133) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:20PM (#21783698) Journal
    Let's all concentrate on making a big red cloud around the world, then we can remove ourselves from this universe all together!
  • by oahazmatt (868057) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:33PM (#21783948) Journal
    Clearly, this is a wake-up call for the Universe. Our dependency on time must not continue if we are to survive. Contact your President, your Prime Minister, all of your representatives and demand investigations into alternative time resources.

    Perhaps something corn-based.
  • Their calculations are off because they are educated to be evil, and fail to appreciate that each day is actually four days long! [wikipedia.org].

      When you account for this 1:4 ratio, the extra dark energy drops out of the equations, and the universe does not collapse into an academic singularity, but into four nodes, two major and two minor! The academic community will not teach this because it is brainwashing.

      (Actually, I just really want this story to have the Time Cube metatag.)
    • Their calculations are off because they are educated to be evil, and fail to appreciate that each day is actually four days long!.

      I tried to understand what the Time Cube page meant by four days in one, where it is simultaneously morning, noon, evening, and night. And then it hit me: he's talking about time zones. In the Time Cube world, each day has a 24-hour day for each of the four non-polar faces of the cube, with time zones spaced six hours apart. But there are a lot more than four time zones [wikipedia.org] on this planet.

  • by bcrowell (177657) on Friday December 21 2007, @08:34PM (#21787044) Homepage

    A preprint of the paper is available from arxiv.org [arxiv.org].

    The general idea seems to be this. We observe that distant galaxies have an anomalously low redshift relative to the expectations of the linear Hubble relation, and we interpret this as evidence that the expansion of the universe has been accelerating. General relativity allows you to interpret a redshift as a difference in the rate of passage of time, so then an anomalously low redshift correponds to an anomalously low rate of passage of time, for us, compared to the distant galaxies, which were in the ancient universe where time was passing more quickly.

    A couple of things leave me scratching my head:

    1. In general, if there's going to be a change from Lorentzian to Euclidean spacetime, you would think there would have to be some pretty dramatic event that marked the end of time. This is not just a change in the global properties of the universe (which might not be obvious to a local observer), it's a change in the local properies of spacetime. An observer who's sitting around at the moment of the changeover would have to have his worldline terminate. But in this paper, they don't seem to discuss any dramatic future event, such as a Big Crunch. The caption of Fig. 1 refers to something called a "little bang," but I don't know what they mean by that.
    2. It's not clear to me whether they're proposing an unrealistic model that has interesting mathematical properties, or a realistic model of our own universe. Our universe has a repulsive cosmological constant, but they're talking about anti-de Sitter spaces, where it's attractive. I think they may be saying that the bulk of the brane is anti-de Sitter, but observers on the brane who believe in general relativity misinterpret their universe as de Sitter.
  • by Wylfing (144940) <brian&wylfing,net> on Friday December 21 2007, @09:14PM (#21787254) Homepage Journal

    An astronaut falling toward a black hole (assuming for the sake of argument that he does not get torn apart by tidal forces) perceives that it actually takes forever to fall into the black hole. Externally we would seem him slow down and then stop at the even horizon, but this "stop" is merely the curve receding into infinity, so that further increments are so small we cannot see them. But the astronaut's subjective time becomes infinite.

    So if time is slowing down locally, I guess that means in a few billion years we'll all be living in a static (albeit smaller) universe that goes on forever.

    • by omeomi (675045) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:45PM (#21783154) Homepage
      If time turns out to be a non-constant, so goes everything we know about anything.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_relativity [wikipedia.org]

      "Although special relativity makes some quantities relative, such as time, that we would have imagined to be absolute based on everyday experience, it also makes absolute some others that were thought to be relative."
    • by Quadraginta (902985) on Friday December 21 2007, @02:55PM (#21783288)
      The problem with TFA is that it makes little logical sense. In what possible sense can time be "slowing down?" "Slowing down" is a statement that something is changing less per unit time. If you like, that dx/dt is negative.

      But how can you measure the "rate" at which time itself is changing? If "change in time" (dt) is going to go in the numerator, what will go in the denominator? Can't be dt, of course. So how do you define the "rate" at which time changes? I can't think of anything. It's like asking the price of money. "Price" means "how much you get per unit money." You can't ask how much money you get per unit money. (Note to nitpickers: the price of currency, e.g. the price of dollars in drachma, is not a valid counterexample.)

      I'm sure the physics makes sense, but the language in this news article does not. If anyone knows what the actual science is, I at least would be grateful for a better explanation than this news article provides. Anyone?
      • by Anonymous Coward on Friday December 21 2007, @03:21PM (#21783714)
        I can see where you're confused. Actually the price of money *is* a good analogy. How much does a dollar cost? Depends on what you compare it to. Could be x yen or y pounds. Experiments demonstrate that the speed of light is a constant, and since speed = distance/time, time and space must warp accordingly. So what goes in the numerator? Basically, your calculus ratio should be something like dt(here)/dt(there) where 'here' and 'there' are different points in space and/or different inertial frames. Hope this helps.
        • The summary is massively confused, and invents the claim that it's about time here in comparison to time somewhere else at the edges of the universe.

          Having actually read the linked article, it's funnier. What it seems to actually say is that the time of the whole universe runs slower now, than it ran some billion years ago. It's not "dt(here)/dt(there)", but "dt(now)/dt(back-then)". If that makes any sense.

          Let's say we look at the light of a star, some 5 billion light years away. The important thing there i
      • by Lev13than (581686) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:21PM (#21783726) Homepage
        The problem with TFA is that it makes little logical sense. In what possible sense can time be "slowing down?" "Slowing down" is a statement that something is changing less per unit time. If you like, that dx/dt is negative. I'm sure the physics makes sense, but the language in this news article does not. If anyone knows what the actual science is, I at least would be grateful for a better explanation than this news article provides. Anyone?

        Try to visualize this using kettles. The easiest way to slow the progress of time is to watch a kettle while it boils. If that analogy doesn't work for you, you can get a similar effect by boiling an egg or visiting a proctologist.
        In order to replicate the study, you start with a single kettle (today) and then progressively add more kettles until the universe is composed entirely of kettles boiling water (end time). Kettles all the way down, as it were.
      • by Broken Toys (1198853) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:30PM (#21783880)
        It doesn't make "logical sense" because it violates "common sense".

        This isn't a new concept. Someone's just come up with a new theory to support the concept. This may just be another way of viewing the oft proposed heat death of the universe due to entropy.

        Stephen Hawkin amongst others has explained this before. In short, time as we know it didn't exist before the Big Bang. During the inflationary period of the Big Bang time was probably faster than we observe it today. Currently time has stablised somewhat but is probably slowing due to the expansion of the universe.

        All this suggests that time may be intertwined with space and now we're back to Einstein's space time continuum. This is one of consequences of Einstein's general theory of relativity.

        Me? I'm going to hide under a rock with a case of beer until this all blows over.

      • by AstrumPreliator (708436) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:50PM (#21784192)
        Part of the problem is we don't have the language, technically speaking, to describe such a phenomenon. Our species has always viewed time as a fixed quantity and our language definitely reflects this. That said I'll offer two possible ways of thinking about it. The second will probably be the more accurate...

        First, imagine time can be described in term of space, that is perhaps 1 second = 1 meter. Now as you move through just the time axis you take a measurement with a piece of string, say to about 0.5m, then you keep going down the time axis for a bit and you take another measurement with another piece of string to 0.5m again. Then you compare the string lengths, the second would be shorter if this theory were correct.

        Okay, that first one doesn't make a whole lot of sense so let's move on! Consider Spacetime as a 4-dimensional manifold [wikipedia.org]. Now consider the metric [wikipedia.org] on this space, at least the time portion of it, as tending to zero as t->infinity. That is the distance between points shrinks on the t-axis*.

        That may not be the best of explanations but hopefully that helps a bit. My second example is very colloquial, I'm not a physicist so this is just how I can picture it =P.

        *For an example of a Non-Euclidean Metric check out The Riemann Sphere. [wikipedia.org]
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        Einstein's theory of relativity features time dilation. Maybe that can help [unsw.edu.au].
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        Once you understand that "time" is itself a relative term, i.e. observer-dependent, it isn't terribly hard to take any one "dt" and put it into the numerator and some other "dT" and put it into the denominator. Obvious choices that pop up in GR textbooks all over the place might include co-moving (i.e. "proper") time vs "time as seen by an outside observer".

        Note that even in simple vanilla special relativity people speak of "time slowing down" for fast-moving objects. What they mean is that a pion that is

      • Not exactly. There a a billion theories exactly like this one but different, but exactly the same. They are all waiting on the Hadron collider to provide proof of higher order dimensions and thus not disprove their theories that depend upon higher dimensions. It will not prove which one is correct.

        If you don't believe me subscribe to new scientist for a while. Every issue a new multi dimensional theory that could help to explain some feature of the universe but can only be proved/disproved at energies th
    • Silly person, this is all a result of George Bush's efforts to accelerate global warming by increasing the profits of his Big Oil buddies, by pushing to reach Peak Oil and cause a global recession!
      • by HTH NE1 (675604) on Friday December 21 2007, @03:28PM (#21783844)

        Maybe some sort of exra-dimensional black hole that we cannot detect with our current telescopes?
        Well, the thing about a black hole - it's main distinguishing feature - is it's black. And the thing about space, the colour of space, your basic space colour - is it's black. So how are you supposed to see them?