Stories
Slash Boxes
Comments

News for nerds, stuff that matters

Slashdot Log In

Log In

Create Account  |  Retrieve Password

Space Station Partners Bicker Over Closure Date

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Wed Sep 26, 2007 02:04 PM
from the like-a-spoiled-child-on-to-the-next-toy dept.
jcdick1 writes "The current partners in the ISS are in discussion regarding the closure date of the space station, even though it still has not been fully assembled. 'The United States insists it will pull out of the station at the end of 2015 while Russia wants its life prolonged, said European Space Agency (ESA) chief Jean-Jacques Dordain at an astronautics congress in Hyderabad, southern India. NASA administrator Michael Griffin has told space station partners that the US agency has no plans for "utilization and exploitation" of the science research lab for more than five years after it is completed, Dordain said.'"
+ -
story

Related Stories

[+] Space Station Gyro Problem Dangerous? 60 comments
mysterystevenson writes "After bringing more mass than ever before up to the ISS, one of the gyros has failed. Gyros help maintain attitude position in space; the more mass needed to be controlled, the more force that is exerted on the gyros. Now there is the danger that the Shuttle may be bringing yet more mass and starting construction while turning off another gyro, which could cause a need for thrusters to maintain attitude. The assemblies are not all constructed to be able to withstand such force and in a bad situation there could be a collapse which could affect the Shuttle and the ISS as well. Worse case could be total loss; a wise idea might be to alter the construction schedule and address the Gyro and Gyro design problems, before going forward with the introduction of more mass."
[+] Space Station Suffers Power Glitch 53 comments
TheSexican writes "As if the MRO's vision problems weren't enough, it seems that NASA has another problem on their hands as of late. " The problem itself has been solved; one of the solar power array went off line, and had to be repaired, but is back up and working.
[+] Hardware: ISS Goes Solar 176 comments
SumDog writes "The international space station's newest power source, a set of solar wings, made its debut yesterday. The solar array is part of a new 17.5-ton space station segment that was connected to the orbiting outpost during a spacewalk Monday."
[+] Space Station Computers Partially Restored 158 comments
Raver32 writes with the news that a partial restoration of computer control was established on the International Space Station (ISS) Thursday. Systems controlling critical elements like navigation and life-support failed on Wednesday. "Flight controllers were able to re-establish some communication with the computers overnight, with Russian engineers working Thursday to restore the rest of the system, NASA space station flight director Holly Ridings said. The U.S. space agency and Russian officials are still trying to determine the cause of a failure affecting multiple computers in the Russian network ... Since an earlier failure on Monday, thrusters on the space shuttle Atlantis have been fired periodically to help maintain the station's position. The Russian and U.S. space agencies said they could extend Atlantis's mission by one or two days to fix the problem. In the worst-case scenario, NASA said the ISS crew members -- two Russians and an American -- may be evacuated from the station."
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.
The Fine Print: The following comments are owned by whoever posted them. We are not responsible for them in any way.
 Full
 Abbreviated
 Hidden
More
Loading... please wait.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:06PM (#20758717)
    When the US withdraw, the Russians can lower it back down to earth using a rope.
  • Summary (Score:5, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:08PM (#20758729)
    The Russians and the Europeans want NASA to keep paying for the high costs of maintenance of the ISS.
    • it's a threat (Score:5, Interesting)

      by acidrain (35064) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:30PM (#20758993)
      Err, my read was the Americans are trying to get Russia and Europe to pick up more of the tab, and using an early withdrawal as a threat. Of course the EUA is already refusing to admit it could scrape together a few more dollars. Regardless the relative financial clout between the partners has changed a lot since the Americans promised to pick up 70% of the tab.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Being that the US doesn't have an efficient way of getting up to the station anymore, it makes sense.
        I doubt that Russia sends up a capsule and has everybody check the outside of it once docked. Kind of counter productive.

        "Hey, those Yanks are coming again. When they get here, stop what you doing and let's inspect their hull."

        I hope that mankind (meaning free as in beer) benefits from all the research done on the station and not the host countries.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        ***Err, my read was the Americans are trying to get Russia and Europe to pick up more of the tab,***

        It's more like having organized the party, invited all its friends, and paid some of the costs, the US -- having finally figured out that the orbiting junk heap is pretty much worthless scientifically -- is strolling off and leaving the party guests to figure out how to pay the band and the caterer. Unless of course they want to call off the party themselves.

        • Re:it's a threat (Score:4, Interesting)

          by Zeinfeld (263942) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @06:11PM (#20761859) Homepage
          ***Err, my read was the Americans are trying to get Russia and Europe to pick up more of the tab,***

          You are all making a major error in considering this in nationalist terms. The space agencies have a common interest in screwing as much money as possible out of as many governments as possible. It is the agencies versus their governments.

          Meanwhile the motives of the governments are pretty murky. Each government has its own pro-ISS and anti-ISS factions. And amongst the pro-ISS factions there are a range of motives: pork for congressional districts, making sure that their country is not embarassed by withdrawing from existing commitments, etc.

          The reason that such projects are international collaborations is not that they need the money so much as they need to create a situation where nobody can withdraw without breaking a commitment.

          So the statement by the US can be seen as a signal that maybe the anti-ISS faction has gained the upper hand and wants to signal to the others 'hey lets snip this thing'. To which the Russian faction might be responding 'hell no we want to stay' or more likely 'how much is it worth to let you out of this'.

          The ISS is an utter waste of time and money. The original purpose of the ISS was to have something for the Shuttle to visit. The purpose of the Shuttle was to build the station. Both are merely staging posts for a manned trip to Mars that is not going to happen. We can do so much more with unmanned probes.

          • Re:it's a threat (Score:5, Informative)

            by vtcodger (957785) on Thursday September 27 2007, @02:20AM (#20765069)
            ***You are all making a major error in considering this in nationalist terms.***

            Maybe.

            A bit of history. The ISS started life as "Space Station Freedom" -- an initiative of the Reagan administration started around 1984. It was to cost between 15 and 20 billion dollars and to be in orbit by 1995-1996. It was a US project. Around 1990 it became clear that Space Station Freedom was over weight, over budget, and quite possibly unbuildable. After a gazillion redesigns failed to improve the prospects, the Clinton administration sucked a bunch of suck^H^H^H^H international partners into the scheme, and renamed it the International Space Stations.

            So far, the US has put something like $30 to $35 billion dollars into Space Station Freedom and the ISS in direct costs and another $25 billion into space shuttle costs directly related to the ISS. Japan, Canada and the European Space Agency have thrown some money into the pot, but not all that much. Russia -- the other major contributor -- threw in two existing MIR modules and a number of Soyuz flights.

            You may think that the international aspect is important. I don't. This fiasco has Made In America stamped all over it except for the relatively inexpensive MIR modules contributed by Russia. In fact, without the US effort, the other participants would probably be basing their efforts on MIR, Russia would have earned some foreign exchange during the troubled years of the 1990s; the world -- primarily the US -- would be maybe $40 billion dollars richer; and the human race would have accomplished pretty much nothing much more cheaply.

            ***The ISS is an utter waste of time and money.

            Agreed

            ***The original purpose of the ISS was to have something for the Shuttle to visit.***

            The ISS (Space Station Freedom) didn't need a mission. We're talking the Reagan administration here. All gut feeling. No coherent planning. Reality need not apply. (Bush 1 and Clinton were quite a bit better. Bush 2 is even worse.)

            ***The purpose of the Shuttle was to build the station.***

            The Shuttle program predates Space Station Freedom by a decade. It was intended to replace the expensive expendable launch vehicles of the 1960s with much less expensive reusable lanuch vehicles. Predicatably the costs were grossly underestimated and the launch frequency of the reusable vehicles was grossly overestimated. 'Taint cheaper. More accurate would be to say that the purpose of the shuttle has become to build and support the ISS. Without the ISS, the Shuttle might actually make some sense as a platform for experiments.

            The good news is that the Shuttle is supposed to go away in a couple of years -- 2010 and be replaced by a super-duper low cost, reusable, launch vehicle called Orion in 2014. What are they going to use in the intervening 4 years? I haven't a clue. What will keep Orion from being a typical US manned spaceflight project -- over weight, over budget, late and lame? Again, no clue.

            • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

              Thanks for the numbers. Let's put that in terms of how much we spend in Iraq. According to the Congressional Budget Office [cbo.gov], often called the nation's top accountant, we're spending about $9 billion a month (pre "surge" numbers). To date we have put in $533 billion dollars into Iraq. I know some damn big numbers. My eye balls are popping out of my head right now.

              So... let's say the Space Shuttle and the ISS has cost us $50 billion dollars over the last 20-years. Shit let's say it's $100 billion dollars. Now
      • Re:Summary (Score:5, Insightful)

        by Rei (128717) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @06:08PM (#20761837) Homepage
        Most of its components are rated for 20-30 years. Now, of course, some of its components have already been orbiting for a good while, but even still, judging from the Mars Rovers... ;)

        It's idiotic. Basically, the US made a committment to build it, then decided most of the way through that it had new toys it wanted to make. Rather than back out with it almost built and a large fortune spent on it, they're going to spend a small fortune to finish it so they're not breaking any committments, and then when it gets to the relatively cheap phase (maintenance), they're going to ditch it. It's the equivalent of me spending all my time and money building a house, and when it finally gets livable, burning it down so I can use the lot to make a tennis court. Idiotic.

        As though we wouldn't do the exact same process with a moon base. It's like the ISS, only... on the moon! We have dirt to play with, plus 1/6th gravity, and for that benefit, it costs ten times more to get people and supplies there and back. Does anyone really think that we won't likewise get almost done with a moonbase and then decide that it's another "boondoggle" and abandon our efforts there, too? People make careers and make the history books by succeeding in their projects, not the projects of the generation before them. So we flap and wave like a flag in the wind.

        Sure, the research on the ISS probably doesn't justify it's construction cost. But it certainly justifies its maintenance costs. Building it and letting it burn is a mockery of responsible planning. It also should be a wakeup call that we need new budgetary planning procedures in congress that lets all of the funding for a project be allocated in advance and placed in a trust, with congress and administrators only able to pull out of it if pre-specified milestones fail to be met. I.e., ISS would likely have been cancelled long ago when it failed to meet financial and time milestones, but if it had made it this long, the maintenence funding would already be in place.
        • Re:Summary (Score:5, Insightful)

          by tsotha (720379) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @07:00PM (#20762225)

          Sure, the research on the ISS probably doesn't justify it's construction cost. But it certainly justifies its maintenance costs.

          Not by a long shot. Exactly what earth-shattering research are they goning to do? More high school science experiments?

  • by Anonymous Coward
    There has to be somebody out there with money enough to buy this thing.

    ISS hotel... Nice...

  • by User 956 (568564) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:09PM (#20758757) Homepage
    The United States insists it will pull out of the station at the end of 2015

    You know, by setting a firm timetable like that, you're only emboldening the Russians.
  • Heck, if we can stay the course in Iraq, why can't we stay the course in low earth orbit?
  • by christurkel (520220) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:10PM (#20758767) Homepage Journal
    Okay, it'll take until 2010 to finish the station then NASA will use it only for five years before pulling out. With all due respect NASA, are you fucking nuts?
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Of course, at the rate things are going they'll have to finish it after it's been shut down.

      I'm sure the other partners in the ISS will have something to say as well, especially as their bits haven't arrived yet and the time allowed to do research has been curtailed due to the cancelling of the "lifeboat" crew return vehicle about 7 years ago, meaning that you can't have a full compliment of crew on the station.
    • It was never meant to be a permanent station, let alone a long lived one. One of the primary reasons it has been around so long is because Shuttle accidents prevented it from getting built sooner.

      Why are people so surprised at this?
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Think of the ISS and the Space Shuttle Orbiter as one entity, in that one exists solely to justify the other. When the Shuttles stop running, there's not much for suppliers to sell. If looked at as "throwing good money after bad" perhaps humanity doesn't need this expensive trinket sailing by. I'd be surprised if the contribution to basic science has increased compared to the enormous sums spent in support of keeping humans, (frail sacks of molecules that we are) in space. Maybe we'd advance our understandi
      • by vlm (69642) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @03:05PM (#20759383)
        You got the first part right. The design for both was continually downsized until the only purpose of both the shuttle and the station is to exist for each other, like some crazy love story.

        You got the second part wrong. If you put the same managers whom ran the shuttle and station into the ground (literally) in charge of an unmanned probe, they'll "optimize" the probe to save money by removing all the scientific instruments, and launch in the wrong, yet more convenient, orbit, then remove funding to receive the signals if it gets there anyway. In fact the station and shuttle programs should be kept around to attract all the pointy haired bosses away from the useful scientific programs...

        The station is nothing but a list of "could haves". Could have put it in a good orbit to use as a waystation for interplanetary flight, but that cost too much, so we got an awful orbit to appease the USSR. Could have had a large enough habitation module to staff large numbers of problem solvers rather than a tiny handful of robotic procedural astronauts, but that cost too much, so no scientists or engineers can fit onboard. Could have put useful scientific instruments on the station, but that cost too much, so all we got is a stethoscope and not a heck of a lot else. Could have put some fascinating communications stuff up there, but that cost too much, so we got nothing. Could have made it a continuing program of expansion and R&D and evolve the current station into something we currently can't imagine instead of a one shot stunt, but that cost too much. By the time everything that could be cut was cut, there was nothing left but pork contracts for subcontractors.

        We need a "real" station and a "real" launcher program, but the folks currently in charge will not provide it, so don't throw more good money after bad, junk those programs while we're ahead.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Considering that the entire purpose of the space station from NASA's perspective was to find something for the Shuttle to do, this is entirely expected. Not to mention, the reason Russia wants to keep it operating is so they can send more space tourists up there (which, I would say, is a much better endeavor than NASA's pointless "what if we do X in space" experiments/busywork).
    • by AKAImBatman (238306) <akaimbatman.gmail@com> on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:59PM (#20759313) Homepage Journal

      With all due respect NASA, are you fucking nuts?

      You're making the assumption that the ISS should have been built in the first place. Allow me to reassure you, it should not have. The original plan for Space Station Freedom was as a LEO rendezvous point for lunar-bound astronauts. The shuttle was the first stage, the station was the second stage, and a lunar-transfer vehicle would have been the third stage. (Actually, the shuttle was originally only supposed to be transportation. The heavy lifting was supposed to be done by the Saturn V. Instead, Nixon demanded that the Shuttle do both. But I digress.)

      When Congress saw the price tag, however, they balked. They told NASA that they needed additional international funding if they the support of congress. So NASA talked with a few other countries (including the now democratic Russia) about getting the funding they needed. Russia told NASA that they would only get money and support if the station was located in an orbit that was easier for Russian spacecraft to reach. Of course, that same orbit made the station worthless (fuel-wise) as a lunar-staging point.

      There's more to the story after that, but suffice it to say that the station shouldn't exist. It was a political boondoggle that never truly met anyone's needs. It mostly just hangs there showing the flag. Once the space shuttle is retired, there will be no way of properly maintaining the ISS. If new vehicles aren't developed to reboost the ISS regularly (e.g. robotic boosters) the ISS will simply fall into the atmosphere and burn up.

      Now before you decide to interject with, "But we've already payed hundreds of millions to built it! It must be useful for something!" allow me to point you to this link:

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunk_cost [wikipedia.org]
      • Wonder how much it would cost to move the station to a new orbit. Launch up giant rocket in sections, strap it on, and give the thing a boost into a proper orbit. Don't even tell the russians! If they complain tell them they can move it back.
      • If new vehicles aren't developed to reboost the ISS regularly (e.g. robotic boosters) the ISS will simply fall into the atmosphere and burn up.
        The European Automated Transfer Vehicle is capable of reboosting the ISS. First launch will be early 2008, according to the ESA.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Actually, NASA needed a space station as a destination for the Shuttle (what else would they've done with the Shuttle otherwise) and a Shuttle to supply the ISS (If we retire the Shuttle all those billions for the ISS would've been wasted!).

        Russia needed foreign investment in their space sector after the USSR went belly up and didn't really care what they were paid for.

        And the ESA saw it as a relatively cheap way to establish a kinda-sorta-sometimes manned presence in space with the positive PR effects bu

      • Re:No Denero. (Score:4, Insightful)

        by ArcherB (796902) * on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:32PM (#20759015) Journal
        With Bush spending it all on the War Of Futility, we're not going to have any money to send anyone to the station anyways. It shouldn't come as a shock that NASA's already trying to find some budget wiggle-room, even before Bush has departed.

        Is is possible to have a discussion on slashdot without bashing the President? You hate him, I get it. You tout any bad news that you hear and put a negative spin on any good news so that it is bad (the economy is a good example). I did not see Iraq anywhere in the summary, WTF is point of bringing it up. Maybe you should be posting on DailyKos or HuffingtonPost or something where that type of partisanship is acceptable.

        Besides, this has nothing to do with Iraq and everything to do with NASA making plans beyond the space station. With the budget required to maintain the space station, NASA has little room for other adventures, such as a permanent base on the moon or a manned mission to Mars.

        IMHO, we need to turn the space station into a spaceship assembly plant where parts of space ships can be assembled so we can launch a much larger ship than what we can lift into orbit all at once.

        • by Anonymous Coward
          Can you think of better ways to spend a trillion dollars plus? You could double nasas budget, pick up the entire european and russian tab, and still have enough left over to fund mass wide scale deployment of a variety of new alternative energy projects, like millions and millions of solar panels, starting with every governmental building in existence, local community wind farms, etc., finish bringing broadband to the rural areas,fully fund the OLPC project so it really does get down to being a hundred buck
        • I made a similar observation [slashdot.org] awhile back, and agree that it's rather annoying (even as a strong critic of Bush myself) to see constant off-topic criticisms of Bush. However, this one is actually on-topic--Iraq is Bush's war, Iraq is hideously expensive, and NASA is one of many agencies that could put that money to better use.
              • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

                You're spending almost *THREE* fuckin' billion dollars a *DAY* on the war, and yet a mere billion a year for NASA is much money?! Yeah, right! Half of your research is getting done there, imagine with the funding for the war you could have established a permanent base on Mars for less than a year!

                And they could be spent on education, or roads, or bridges, or public bathrooms, or whatever. But you know what? They wouldn't be. Saying what you COULD do with the money is meaningless unless you actually plan
  • Makes no sense to own a beachhouse if you dont have a car (and money) to get there. Luckily the Chinese, Japanese, Indians, Russians, Europeans, Iranians,... have their own space programs.

    You might have been able to put a man on the moon, but you're not able to finance a constant presence in space...Kennedy must be rotating in his grave!
  • by Per Abrahamsen (1397) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:19PM (#20758855) Homepage
    According to the article, US pay 70% of the running cost of the station. Could this be a tactic to make ESA pay a larger share?
  • by kabdib (81955) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:25PM (#20758923) Homepage
    The sooner the better.

    The shuttle / ISS have done only harm to the space program.

    (Go read _The Hubble Wars_ if you want to see how bad it was in the 80s. And it only got worse from there).
  • by RichPowers (998637) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:26PM (#20758935)
    Lowball estimates indicate that NASA will spend $53 billion on the ISS from 1993 to the end of its life. This doesn't include the cost of maintaining the space shuttle or R&D from Space Station Freedom (the canned station from the 1980s). So the US will use the station for 5 years after completion -- and what of serious scientific value will be accomplished during that time?

    The ISS isn't worth the cost. Think of the probes and orbital observatories NASA could've built using the ISS budget. Those things give us far more insight into the universe. Hell, some of the early ISS literature proclaimed the station would pay for through the leasing of "microgravity manufacturing" compartments to various companies...please.

    No one should be surprised about this; the project was a waste before it even started.
  • The US space agency has projected its own annual bill for the project to reach 2.3 billion dollars by 2010.
    In comparison, the pentagon is seeking 190 billion dollars to fund the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2008 http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hdMpMla3A7P7PUbQx-344i6agLbA [google.com]

  • by edesio (93726) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:39PM (#20759111) Homepage
    If 5 years are enough for Babylon 5 and the replicators, they are enough for ISS.
  • Frankly, (Score:3, Insightful)

    by WhiteWolf666 (145211) <moornblade at gmail. c o m> on Wednesday September 26 2007, @07:14PM (#20762325) Homepage Journal
    After I learned about the life and death of Project Orion [wikipedia.org], I came to the conclusion that we (the US) should give up on manned space exploration.

    Without cheaper, easier propulsion, and without the ability to get larger loads into space, there's really no point in it. We can keep playing with satellites and the like, but we'll never gain any economic benefits out of going to the Moon, Mars, or anywhere else. The extra weight needed to transport humans is really unnecessary.

    Mankind needs to get over its fear of nuclear power. A hybrid fusion/fission Orion design would not release significant amounts of fallout into the atmosphere (especially compared to all the nuclear explosive testing done in the 50s), and who knows; perhaps after we lifted a few hundred thousand tons of equipment into orbit (and perhaps to the moon) we'll be able to build most of what we need in space, where fallout doesn't matter.

    Without significant advances in propulsion technology, or a resurrection of Project Orion, there's no point to manned space exploration. We should redirect these billions to propulsion technology, or just take it out of the doomed space program altogether.
    • by jellomizer (103300) * on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:14PM (#20758805)
      Wow blame the republicans. I think it is more of an issue of blaming americans. We have gotten to a point where we no longer Quantify things but Mathitize things. Everything needs a solid number next to it, if not then it isn't there. So for Space we see how much it costs but not the benefit because there is little numbers attached to the benefits. The Russians who are in a far more corrupt nation then we are know the value of space travel. But we just don't we are so focused on the here and now and not to the future.
      • by Applekid (993327) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @02:32PM (#20759011)

        Everything needs a solid number next to it, if not then it isn't there.
        That is correct, jellomizer (103300).

        Personally, I (993327) have never felt so accepted in all my life. These people looked deep into my soul and assigned me a number based on the order in which I joined.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        OTOH (and I don't have any numbers to back this up, so it's totally a theory) ... maybe the subsidies we're providing their space program, along with money they make from space tourism to the ISS, is actually making Russia money??
      • The Russians who are in a far more corrupt nation then we are know the value of space travel.

        For Russia I think it is more a matter of national pride than future profit. With the collapse of the soviet union and communism several generations have little to look back upon with pride. The soviet space program is about the only prideful accomplishment that can be embraced and the current Russian space program is what remains of soviet program.

        And ... space is the military high ground. To not be in space
      • by kocsonya (141716) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @07:52PM (#20762573)
        > The Russians who are in a far more corrupt nation then we are

        Are you sure?
    • ... i mean hell. if the next steps are moon and mars, you will *need* a space station in orbit.

      -Nex6

      No, you dont. Remember, we went to the moon well before we had ANY space station in orbit, several times.

      Tm

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Why would you need to replace it for a moon colony? The moon is only a few days away, having a space station stop over doesn't make sense. And as for Mars? Let's take care of the moon first. If we get there and get a colony cooking for a few years before we ever migrate to Mars it will likely be a whole different ballgame as far as landers and transports go. Trying to build a space station for the needs doesn't make a ton of sense yet. And an earth orbiting station may not make sense for Mars but I don't kn
      • Re:my 2 cents (Score:5, Insightful)

        by gclef (96311) on Wednesday September 26 2007, @03:55PM (#20760141)
        I can think of a couple, mostly around the idea of a lunar transport, which would dock with the station:

        * A lunar transport ship should never need to re-enter the atmosphere. Why would you want to drag re-entry heat shields all the way out to the moon?

        * A lunar transport ship would save each supply launch the cost of building (and then discarding) another system to soft-land on the moon.

        * Scheduling the docking of a lunar transport with shuttle/progress rocket lifts would be very difficult. If you could, instead, stage the supplies at a station, that would make the scheduling of the lunar transport runs and the supply launches more (not completely) independent.

        * If you eventually end up with more than one destination (L5? Please?), you don't have to have separate launches to supply each, just launch one set of supplies and split them up in orbit for each destination.