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Mitochondria and the Prevention of Death

Posted by kdawson on Mon Jul 16, 2007 09:33 PM
from the wrestling-the-dead-back-to-life dept.
H_Fisher writes "Research into mitochondria — small structures within a cell that have their own DNA — suggests that they may be a cause of cellular death, according to Newsweek. The article The Science of Death: Reviving the Dead reports on people who have recovered from sudden death due to cardiac arrest through the use of medically induced hypothermia. The cooling process may help stop the death of brain and heart cells initiated by the mitochondria once they are deprived of oxygen. The article goes on to probe delicately at the question of where a person's personality 'is' between death and later revival, and describes several ongoing scientific studies of near-death experiences."
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  • by ScentCone (795499) on Monday July 16 2007, @09:34PM (#19883567)
    A person's personality goes off to Digg when they are Mostly Dead.
    • Netcraft confirms it.
      • by ScentCone (795499) on Monday July 16 2007, @11:09PM (#19884187)
        Fuck off you redneck piece of shit. Murdering animals for sport is reprehensible. I don't want to see your bullshit on slashdot anymore.

        Ah. Do you trot out the same eloquent sensibilities for people who buy a new pair of leather shoes at some point before their last pair wears out? Oh, that's fashion - that's different, I guess. And what sport is it, exactly, that you think I'm practicing? Personally, I eat the birds and other animals that I personally go out looking for and bring home to the kitchen. And for each one I cook, that's one chemical-filled, agro-biz-raised taste-free farm animal I'm NOT eating. Do you eat the worms that are sliced in half while the soy plants for your tofurkey are being cultivated? Do you stand underneath the spinning blades of a nice, Green-friendly power generating windmill and eat the birds and bats that are beaten to death and fall to the ground so that some electrons can make your Wii glow and amuse you? What? I'm being presumptuous about your habits? Huh. It's almost like I don't know you, or something. Sort of like you're spouting a bunch of condescending crap that serves only to illustrate your own ignorance, bigotry, and malice. Which is fine, and you won't see me scolding you about where you can do it. Not to be confused with your take on things. I'm so glad that you're here to serve as thought police and to be the mind-reading arbitor of activities about which you - clearly - know nothing, but about which you none the less have formed a complex, nuanced, fully contemplated opinion. I mean, how else could you arrive at such a compelling, informed, and audience-changing bit of rhetoric? It's freakin' GENIUS, man. Wow. You've worn me out, and now I need to eat some protein. What do you recommend? Chicken? No thanks. Wild pheasant is far, far healthier.
        • by ozphx (1061292) on Monday July 16 2007, @11:27PM (#19884279) Homepage
          Mod parent: +5 Hippy Ownage
        • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday July 17 2007, @12:28AM (#19884521)
          personally my game hunting weapon of choice is a stick of dynamite. i sneak up on my prey and insert it quickly and silently into it's anus then light it.

          the skill is in lighting it without them knowing.

          • by ScentCone (795499) on Tuesday July 17 2007, @12:48AM (#19884613)
            You are not looking for the least harmful way of living, but simply throwing a tantrum because someone has said something that challenges your way of living.

            Um, no. You're trying WAY too hard. I'm using a touch of rhetorical satire to point out that most people who elect to insert feigned outrage into a conversation are usually gigantic, annoying hypocrits.
              • by Dahamma (304068) on Tuesday July 17 2007, @02:52AM (#19885151)
                Um, no....
                Sorry, I don't read "arguments" that begin with "um".


                I was so tempted just to reply "I don't read 'arguments' that begin with 'um' *or* 'sorry'" - but I decided that it was only slightly wittier than either of the originals, and witty they were not.

                I find it hilarious that an article mentioning (focused on is too strong - despite the title it was about 4 paragraphs) an extremely low level process (ie possible mitochondrial-related rapid apoptosis of neurons after oxygen short-term deprivation as a leading cause of death in cardiac arrest) has resulted in some moronic moral battle between "keep what you kill" and "meat is murder".

                Your argument is stupidly off-topic for this article. So, here are two fun trains of thought to get you guys back on track:

                1) Your mitochondria, after millions of years, have not realized that we can usually revive the rest of your body after 10 minutes of cardiac arrest. Don't we wish they could figure that out. Maybe we could rise above other base "evolutionary" traits as well and learn to be more ethical to other living beings. Meat is murder!

                2) Your mitochondria, after millions of years, are the result of an amazing evolutionary process likely descended from symbiotic prokaryotes that now constitute the major energy-producing components of our bodies. Thanks to said little helpers and many other evolutionary advantages, we can enjoy a higher standard of living, often grow over 6' tall with the plentiful supply of meat and dairy, and even entertain the luxury of pondering ethics and morality on slashdot. Meat, it's what's for dinner!

                Pick your pseudo-religious viewpoint, and go at it!
                • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

                  I highly recommend "Power, Sex, Suicide - Mitochondria and the Meaning of Life" by Nick Lane. It is literally on of the most fascinating books I have ever read. Right up there with "The Selfish Gene" by Richard Dawkins.
                  • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                    Since there is no "trying" going on here, this can only be interpreted as a schoolboyish way of implying that he is cool and relaxed, whereas I am dorkily getting overexciting and having to use my full brainpower to respond to his points.

                    Which is exactly what's happening. He wrote a snarky paragraph to own a troll, and you're treating it like a thesis.
            • Wrong. The fact is that you cause the deaths of animals. If not by eating them, then by consuming products that attribute to their death

              You mean "contribute".

              Persons A and B walk through a crowd. A bumps into one other person on the way. B bumps into a hundred people on the way. A says to B, "You're just carelessly ramming into people. Stop it and have some respect." B replies, "You bump into people as well; if not deliberately, then by being in the crowd, which contributes to a bump occurring."

              Person B is of course a total wanker who, in order to justify wanton harm, uses the fact that person A cannot reduce the harm he causes t

                • FYI.

                  Surely that should be for your information, since you're the one whose error was pointed out.

                  That is where your logic fails. You make the jump that assuming that being a little wrong makes it ok to be a lot wrong and vice versa.

                  You seem to have made some error there, because I am arguing (and not assuming) that being a little wrong (doing a small amount of unavoidable harm) does not make it OK to be a lot wrong (do a large amount of avoidable harm on top of that). My opponents are arguing the opposite.

                  I'm not justifying my eating habits, I don't need to.

                  This is part of the problem. You make an assumption that because we're talking about something as dear to you as the very food you ea

          • by phoenix321 (734987) * on Tuesday July 17 2007, @06:01AM (#19885771)
            Why exactly should YOU be allowed to post on Slashdot in your freetime while others are sweating and toiling night and day just to have some bread on their tables?

            Why exactly am I allowed to own a car while others can't even afford a pair of shoes?

            I think the best solution is to take away all personal property and rights, so everyone has the same level. After all, it worked so incredibly well in Cuba, the USSR and the rest of the eastern bloc. I mean, everyone was so happy to be there!

            To cite a personal song favorite of mine:
            "to grind the mountains to the level of the valleys
              to cut the trees to the level of the grass
              to asphalt the land in the name of equality"

            Never talk about why should anyone be allowed to do X, because that's none of our business. Talk about - and reason - why anyone should NOT be allowed to do X - and "equality" or "morals" have no grounds in that discussion, the only thing you can ever use as an argument is

            "Does person A's activity X harm the freedom of others more, than it would harm to forbid A and everyone else this activity?"

            Laws in free countries should be a black-list of forbidden activities, not a whitelist, a closed enumeration of what's acceptable and what's not.
          • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

            I'm just wondering - why should you be allowed to eat healthy wild pheasants, while others have to stick to farm raised chicken?

            First, I'm not "allowed" to, rather - I pay a lot of money to be able to. Most states have very high licensing fees and taxes that they extract from people who apply to hunt in their states, and which they take during the purchase of everything from ammunition to pocket knives and mosquito repellent sold in sporting goods stores. In my state, the fees collected from the DNR's li
  • Space Travel (Score:4, Interesting)

    by jshriverWVU (810740) on Monday July 16 2007, @09:36PM (#19883575)
    While I dont see this as a fountain of youth. This research could be very useful for long distant space travel. Especially as we are pondering going to Mars. I wonder how well this could be coupled with cryogenics.
    • Mars is 6 months away. It is NOT that far. People spend more time on ISS (International Space Station).
  • Thanks, but... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Icarus1919 (802533) on Monday July 16 2007, @09:39PM (#19883589)
    I don't want to troll, but I prefer not to get my science from MSNBC and other mainstream media sources.
    • by goombah99 (560566) on Monday July 16 2007, @10:05PM (#19883785)
      Programmed cell death (apoptosis) is normally considered a good thing. Cell death is the front line against Viruses, toxins, and other pathogens. When a cell is hopelessly invaded it will immediately try to kill itself or be told to kill itself by it's neighbors? Why? Well first single cells by themselves don't have much defense against stuff so when the jig is up there's no point in trying to live on. An inveded cell is a danger to it's neighbors since the virus will use it's machinery to replicate. Thus it's a mutually assured destruction strategy. And the first thing most bugs do on entering a host is attack the signals for apoptosis. Indeed Cancer is dangerous because it's immortal.

      Thus it's interesting to find a way to override perhaps the most important response shared by cells in the body.
      • by MillionthMonkey (240664) on Monday July 16 2007, @10:56PM (#19884105)
        Cancer is immortal because the tumor cells have lost their chromosomal integrity; some of them are missing parts of chromosome arms that have the genes for triggering apoptosis. Part of an arm of chromosome 3 in particular seems to confer certain superpowers of cancer on cells that lose it; without it the cells can't recognize intercellular signals, but in general these genes do not aid cancer cells in their competition with one another. So as the population starts to evolve as a gene pool of individuals with distinct genotypes (variations on your original) that compete with each other to dominate the tumor, the cells that survive are the ones that lose the ability to control themselves for the greater good of the entire population (i.e. you).

        If taken care of, cancer cell populations can easily be kept alive for decades. HeLa cells [jhu.edu] were first cultured from a cervical tumor in a patient named Henrietta Lacks. There must be tons of HeLa cells in labs all over the world; all together they probably weigh hundreds of times as much as Henrietta ever did.
  • Obliq quote (Score:2, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward
    Palpatine: Did you ever hear the Tragedy of Darth Plagueis the Wise?
    Anakin Skywalker: No.
    Palpatine: I thought not. It's not a story the Jedi would tell you. It's a Sith legend. Darth Plagueis was a Dark Lord of the Sith, so powerful and so wise he could use the Force to influence the midi-chlorians to create life... He had such a knowledge of the dark side he could even keep the ones he cared about from dying.
    Anakin Skywalker: He could actually save people from death?
    Palpatine: The Dark Side of the Force is
  • Brilliant (Score:3, Interesting)

    by joe_bruin (266648) on Monday July 16 2007, @09:40PM (#19883605) Homepage Journal
    So what they're saying is that the Mitochondria, the organelles that use oxygen to generate ATP (the primary source of chemical energy in your body), cause death when they no longer get oxygen? I hope the Nobel prize committee is listening.
      • Re:Brilliant (Score:5, Informative)

        by RatPh!nk (216977) <ratpH1nk@gMail. c o m> on Monday July 16 2007, @10:06PM (#19883799) Homepage
        You are totally correct, we have known about them forever. There are however, apoptotic pathways that do not directly involve mitochondria in the same central way cytochrome C/cardiolipin/caspase cascades do. So again, "death" is much, much more complicated. Cheers
  • CRYONICS (Score:3, Insightful)

    by cryophan (787735) on Monday July 16 2007, @09:41PM (#19883609) Homepage Journal
    Most importanly, as this article alludes to, this new approach valdiates some of the science surrounding cryonics. As far as I can tell, cryonics is the only possible way for any of us to get our selves and our memories to the distant future where we can live superlong lives, or maybe even forever.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Or you could just get to the future only to find that you have to be genetically engineered from birth to live that superlong life and end up looking like as fool as you age, all alone with no friends or family, while everyone else is holding at 19 and partying all the time. But I guess I'm a pessimist sometimes. :-)

      -matthew

       
    • Re:CRYONICS (Score:4, Funny)

      by fbjon (692006) on Tuesday July 17 2007, @02:08AM (#19884953) Homepage Journal

      Most importanly, as this article alludes to, this new approach valdiates some of the science surrounding cryonics. As far as I can tell, cryonics is the only possible way for any of us to get our selves and our memories to the distant future where we can live superlong lives, or maybe even forever.
      Hey, that sounds like a great idea! Let's freeze all of humanity and wait for science to progress.
  • Miracle Max: See, there's a big difference between mostly dead, and all dead. Now, mostly dead: he's slightly alive. All dead, well, with all dead, there's usually only one thing that you can do.
    Inigo: What's that?
    Miracle Max: Go through his clothes and look for loose change.
  • 'to probe delicately at the question of where a person's personality 'is' between death and later revival'

    The same place your computer's conciousness goes when you turn it off.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        or where any "personality" goes when it's sleeping.

        No, because when you are sleeping there is still electrical activity in the brain - "a succession of mental states continually re-created in our brains, even during sleep" as the article says.

        This is asking the question of where "you" go when the power to your brain is switched off. It seems probable to me that - as neurons and the connections between them are modified, weakened, or strengthened by the signals that pass through them - when power is rest

        • Re:easy question (Score:4, Insightful)

          by AndersOSU (873247) on Tuesday July 17 2007, @09:14AM (#19886963)
          Tell you what, get back to me when we figure out how to create an AI capable of passing a Turing Test.

          Seriously, this isn't an out of hand dismissal. To say that the brain, or consciousness is somehow like a computer is, to me, more of a stretch than espousing an afterlife, or a soul.

          Now I know that slashdot isn't likely to agree with me, and normally I'm loath to invoke a god-of-the-gaps, but if and when the time comes that we can fabricate intelligence in a box, we're going to have some serious rethinking of philosophy to do. Until then, I really do think that the burden to produce evidence lies with the mind-is-a-computer crowd, i.e. to me the mind looks a lot more unlike a computer than like it.

          My major concern, how do we know that consciousness as we know it doesn't depend on some yet unknown quantum effects or isn't somehow governed by Godel's incompleteness theorem? In other words, is the brain deterministic? If the brain is deterministic then don't concepts of right and wrong go out the window?
  • by phantomfive (622387) on Monday July 16 2007, @09:48PM (#19883669) Homepage Journal

    On Napoleon's Russian campaign, his surgeon general noticed that wounded infantrymen, left on the snowy ground to recover, had better survival rates than officers who stayed warm near the campfire.
    On Napolean's Russian campaign, wounded, left on the snowy ground......I think I'd rather die.

    --
    Looking to trade in for a newer girlfriend? Now there's a place!! [usedgirlfriend.com]
  • by RiffRafff (234408) on Monday July 16 2007, @09:55PM (#19883727) Homepage
    I was diagnosed with "sick sinus syndrome." Well, not until I had basically died a few times. The electrical impulses that cause the heart to fire, ceased. I flat-lined, and was essentially "dead." The first few times (twice at home, 2 or 3 times at the hospital) I came back on my own. There was no "where am I?" questions upon regaining consciousness; I knew where I was, and I knew _something_ had happened, but I didn't know what. It wasn't until the last "episode," after they had attached a heart monitor with the little sticky-pads that the doctors actually knew, for sure, that I was flat-lining. They immediately ran a catheter up my groin, into my heart, and attached to an external pace-maker. A day later they implanted a pace-maker. Now, almost three years later, the pace-maker's computer says it has never "paced." In other words, I haven't really needed it. :-/

    My point is this: when I was "dead," I never "left my body," I never saw myself and the doctors in the hospital from "above," I never experienced anything. It was like a light-switch was simply flipped. I was just gone. No angels, no bright light, nothing. So. My advice, for what it's worth, is that you should do whatever you need to do. Whatever you need to accomplish. If my experience is any indication, there is no second chance. Do it now. Don't expect anything else after you're gone. When you're gone, you're gone. There appears to be nothing else. And while that may not be what you wanted to hear, that was my reality.

    Don't live your life in fear of death, but don't take anything for granted, either. As Warren Zevon said, "enjoy every sandwich."

    (Of course, Zevon also said, "I think I made a tactical error by not going to the doctor earlier." So don't do that.)

    • I never saw myself and the doctors in the hospital from above...

      Well, I did. 11 years old, skull fracture from little league game (I was pitching, before the hard hat rule (which I was told I instigated)). No pre-knowledge or exposure to such states, or even the concept of mortality -- never a church goer. Genuine OOB perception, howling winds, players gathered around my supine body, sound of my dad calling me back (he was the team's manager). Followed by aphasia, surgery, long recovery.

      Nothing has ever been really spookey since. Meh, it's life. Do the next thing.

        • No, I'm not sure. How could I be? Yes there was massive trauma, but the entire experience was rather coherent and, as it turned out, consistent with considerable of the material I read on the subject since (many years since -- at 10 I read about cars and baseball, not metaphysics). I'm just not entirely certain that the trauma could explain such a consistent view of the proceedings -- I would have thought that if it were assembled from fragmented, aphashic disassociations caused by blunt trauma it would have looked more like a broken-mirror sort of thing. But it wasn't, it was like being in a flowing, gentle, painless 3D movie made up on the spot. None of my prior imaginings were anything like it, it was totally new. When the experience was over, I was fully conscious and aware, in my body -- just totally aphasic, with my attempts at speech turning into fragmented and inappropriate phraseology. I remember trying to say "I'm okay Dad" and having it come out "Teacup on the door is fraying" or some such. The only thing I could say coherently until after the surgery was to the doctor, "Can I go to sleep now?" I was adrenaline-awake until that point. So, despite the fun I'd have at myself by saying it was true OOB or simply an elegant synthesis put together by my meat server under stress, I don't know, and may never know the truth. But an honest self-appraisal puts it very firmly in the "undecided" basket, not one way or the other. I am sure, however, that we don't know everything about the subject of death yet, or the persistence that software image we call "consciousness" yet. It did provide me with a strong set of questions, though, but I've bored you all enough.
    • by lawpoop (604919) on Monday July 16 2007, @10:42PM (#19884015) Homepage Journal
      It sounds like you weren't dead in any medical or scientific sense, just that your heart had stopped. There's been debate, probably since the dawn of humanity, as to when you can say someone is actually dead. There's always been problems of 'dead' people waking up, unless you actually practice cremation or draining the blood -- that's why we do it. There was a contest of sorts to make a medical definition of death back in the 1700s or 1800s -- the actual point where you could never come back. The guy who won proposed that putrefaction (when the body is actually rotting) was the only scientifically valid definition. I think the current medical definition is no heartbeat and no electrical activity in the brain.

      Anyway, I'll hijack this thread to talk about my own information about where the 'personality' is during a clinical death experience. I don't think it 'is' anywhere. It's like asking where windows is when your computer is off. Going through a coma or medical death is like rebooting the part of your brain that generates your personality. If you read about Hindu and Buddhist meditation, and also the experience of serious hallucinogen users, they talk about an experience called 'ego death'. It's where you still perceive everything you normally would, except there is no "I". The subjective perspective completely evaporates. You see yourself as objectively as you would the person sitting next to you, not attached to your desires or fears. Even though you can still perceive your own thoughts and internal body states, you still don't have the sensation of an "I" or a soul who is experiencing it. Your sense of ownership, or things belonging to 'you', including your own body and thoughts, just is gone. It's called the 'unseen seer' in Hinduism, or the invisible eyeball by the transcendentalist Americans of the 1800s.

      There is a part of our brain that generates this sense of self, the "I", and it can get shut down just like any other part of the brain, through bodily trauma, meditation, or drugs.
    • by jadin (65295) on Tuesday July 17 2007, @01:04AM (#19884705) Homepage
      But this is precisely what the bible teaches about death. [note: no one is required to read this]

      Dead cannot think:
      Psalms 146:4 His breath goes forth, he returns to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.
      Ecclesiastes 9:5 For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.

      It also says the soul dies at death:
      Ezekiel 18:4 Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinning, it shall die.
      Romans 5:12 Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned.

      Therefore the soul cannot think either. Aka no out of body experiences. Please note I'm not discussing heaven etc, just the state of the dead/soul.

      Hammer me down mods! [flamesuit="on"]
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        This is the cloning paradox where a perfect clone is still different from its original because it did not experience the same experiences.

        Well it ain't a perfect clone then, innit?

        That's like saying that building an identical computer out of identical parts will never be running the same programs as the one that you cloned. Well, sure it won't, unless you stick in a clone of the old one's hard disk and RAM contents, at which point it WILL. The philosophical problems come in with the fact that a perfect-to-the-neuron-level clone of you WILL be yourself again. And so, if you're still around, will you! Just ask Dudley Bose. :P

  • Nonsense (Score:4, Insightful)

    by John Hasler (414242) on Monday July 16 2007, @10:15PM (#19883871)
    > The article goes on to probe delicately at the question of where a person's personality
    > 'is' between death and later revival...

    Do they also discuss the color of zero or how wide is up?
  • by tylersoze (789256) on Monday July 16 2007, @10:30PM (#19883971)
    Starting with the hypothesis that consciousness is purely a physical thing (i.e. the atoms and electric signals firing in your brain, and there is no soul or wonky business like that)--a hypothesis that I happen to agree with. It is a *profoundly* mysterious question if it would, in fact, be the same "you" inside if your brain were switched off for a while and then turned back on. Suppose in the time you were shut off, it were possible to make an exact copy of yourself, down to the atomic level, and then both copies were turned back on. Which one is "you"? Obviously both of you would think you were the original since you share the exact same memories.

    It's one of those questions that seem unanswerable. Personally I feel it has something to do with the continuity of brain activity. You interrupt that, and whatever that "spark" is ceases to be, and if the brain is turned back on, it would be a different "you". Which is why I'd never take a transporter ride and think actual working cryonics would be pointless since I would never experience waking back up, it would be a different consciousness, albeit one that thinks everything went just fine. If ever underwent either, I would assume the "me" that woke back up would have some lingering doubts. :)

    One of the many philosophical papers on this: http://www.benbest.com/philo/doubles.html [benbest.com]
    • by lawpoop (604919) on Monday July 16 2007, @11:02PM (#19884143) Homepage Journal

      It is a *profoundly* mysterious question if it would, in fact, be the same "you" inside if your brain were switched off for a while and then turned back on.
      In the East, they have been dealing with this question for thousands of years. A Hindu might answer, yes, of course you would be the same person. This 'switching off' happens every night when you are in deep, dreamless sleep. Yet you still wake up and are the same person the next morning. This is one of the basis for their argument for cosmic consciousness, or the 'godhead' or super-soul.

      If you don't buy that this happens at night, you can make a good argument that this certainly does happen during a coma, when there is little to no electrical activity in the brain. Alternatively, you can anesthetize certain parts of the brain, and also cause the personality to disappear.

      It's one of those questions that seem unanswerable. Personally I feel it has something to do with the continuity of brain activity. You interrupt that, and whatever that "spark" is ceases to be, and if the brain is turned back on, it would be a different "you".
      The eastern philosophies argue that all phenomena, from electrical activity in the brain, to the existence of rocks, are chaotic, always in flux. In other words, you are a different 'you' for every moment of your existence. It's like saying, "I was once an 8-year-old boy, but now I'm a thirty-year-old man." Well, wait a minute -- isn't there only one you? How can you be both an boy and a man? The answer is that 'you' are a continuation of a series, a phenomenon, like the flame of a candle, or a river. The flame is never the same flame from one moment to the next, nor does a river ever have the same water or same banks, at any moment. Yet will still perceive it as the continuity of the same 'thing'.

      The idea of the 'you' as a fixed, permanent thing, seems to be an idea that traces back to Greek philosophy. They were always looking for unchanging, eternal, fixed, stable 'things'. And it really breaks down when we try to apply that to the self or consciousness. Eastern philosophy seems more advanced in this respect -- it says there are no things, only processes or phenomena that are *always* changing.
      • by kwikrick (755625) on Tuesday July 17 2007, @06:27AM (#19885865) Homepage Journal
        Another nice analogue: your body is not the same body it was 15 years ago. You think of it as the same body, only grown a bit (in length or width, depending on your age). But in fact all of the atoms that made up your body 20 years ago have all been replaced by other atoms. Our body is not really a static object, it's more like a very slow wave.

        (I read it like this in Richared Dawkin's The God Desulion, but he got it somewhere else again, can't remember where)

        The mind, conscience, personality, is perhaps a similar phenomenon. It's not a thing that can be pointed out somewhere in our brain, but it's a recurring pattern of thoughts and actions, emerging from the mechanics of our brain and the experiences therein.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Which one is "you"?...It's one of those questions that seem unanswerable.

      Which is often an indication of bad assumptions.

      Which is "you" after the duplication? First we ought to ask, is there a "you" before the duplication?

      Look closely. What is this "you"? "Your" body? That's not the same from moment to moment, atoms entering and leaving with every breath. "Your" thoughts? Just as changing and fluid. "Your" memories? But "you" are making new ones and forgetting old ones each day.

      Go down to a strea [unreasonable.org]

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      I think the actual 'you' dies every second ( or whatever the smallest amount of time that effects your brain is ) and is replaced by an imposter who happens to have all your memories.

      I can't see how else you know who you are if you have no memories you can use to tell you who you are. If you begin to behave entirely differently to the way you normally do people still think you're the same person just behaving weirdly but if you had ( for some reason ) a sudden complete change of memories people who be more
  • by Dachannien (617929) on Tuesday July 17 2007, @01:04AM (#19884709)
    Some interesting thought experiments regarding consciousness are these:

    Suppose that, one day, we develop the technology required to scan and emulate the human brain with total precision. Now, this means that we can shove your head into the scanner, and presto, some amount of time later, we have a computer running a simulation of your brain. It's pretty clear that your consciousness stays in the same place, especially if anesthesia is not required for the scanning process. Yet there is a copy of your brain running on that computer. From its perspective, does it have the same sort of consciousness that you still do?

    Suppose that instead of just scanning your brain to make a copy, we instead put you under, scan your brain, start the simulation running, and kill your old body. We wake up your simulated brain. What happens to your consciousness? Have you achieved a mortality unencumbered by the failure of your biological body by doing this? From the perspective of your simulated brain, did you fall asleep and wake up running on the computer? What about from the perspective of your now dead physical body?

    Suppose that instead of scanning your brain, we can replace a portion of your brain with equivalent nanotech. For all purposes, this nanotech behaves exactly as your old neurons behave. The nanotech can be implanted gradually, neuron by neuron, on the fly - as each neuron is replaced and killed, the nanotech neuron takes its place and picks up exactly where the old neuron left off. So, we perform this procedure on you, and ultimately, your brain is replaced with its nanotech equivalent. What happens to your consciousness in this process? Is this sort of gradual process necessary for your consciousness to survive the transition from your old wetware to your new hardware?

    Is your consciousness an expression of a dynamical state - perhaps even including state variables we haven't detected yet - in your brain that must be preserved in order to survive any such transition, or do your memories suffice to keep your perception of consciousness continuous, even if most of that dynamical state is temporarily lost?
  • Trek (Score:3, Funny)

    by giminy (94188) on Tuesday July 17 2007, @02:27AM (#19885037) Homepage Journal
    I think I saw this on star trek [memory-alpha.org] once...
  • Why did I have the impression this is a well established fact? In addition, mitochondria not signalling the cell to die is the main reason that cancer cells don't die. It's many months now [ualberta.ca] that research into dichloroacetate (DCA), which has been used for other purposes too, causes cancer-cell mitochondria to resume their operation and cause the cells to eventually die. See an example [nature.com] of a similar report.