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Wolfram Offers Prize For (2,3) Turing Machine

Posted by kdawson on Wed May 16, 2007 01:53 AM
from the universal-or-not dept.
An anonymous reader writes "Stephen Wolfram, creator of Mathematica and author of A New Kind of Science, is offering a prize of $25K to anyone who can prove or disprove his conjecture that a particular 2-state, 3-color Turing machine is universal. If true, it would be the simplest universal TM, and possibly the simplest universal computational system. The announcement comes on the 5-year anniversary of the publication of NKS, where among other things Wolfram introduced the current reigning TM champion — 'rule 110,' with 2 states and 5 colors."
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  • 33% solved. (Score:5, Funny)

    by Harmonious Botch (921977) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @01:59AM (#19142083) Homepage Journal
    One of the colors must be blue so it can emulate Windows.
    • Microsoft Research Labs has 221 proofs to choose from. 85 proofs are related to Mathematics, 115 proofs are related to Alan Turing himself and 21 are mostly general proofs on anything. Also, thay have 43 proofs on those little cells that combine togather into tapestry patterns.
  • by Black Parrot (19622) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:00AM (#19142087)
    ...he's given up on proving it himself.
    • Re:Sounds like... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:08AM (#19142135)
      Wolfram has previously sued his own employees to keep them from publishing results, and there are many stories about him removing peoples' names from credits.

      Perhaps this is the only way he can now get creative people to work on problems like this.
      • by xtracto (837672) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @04:38AM (#19142687) Journal
        And the person that made the proof of what is claimed in the summary was Matthew Cook [wikipedia.org], not Wolfram himself, Wolfram sued him because he presented his proof in another conference (can you believe what a jerk?).

        Of course the person that makes this proof will have to concede every right to Wolfram and therefore in some way the 25K are just a payment for such intellectual property.

        And the name removing has been mostly due to his book A new kind of science, where he "comes up" with several ideas that have been created by other authors. I would like to *believe* he makes the typical Master or junior PhD error of not looking hard for the current work but other people believe he just wanted to plagiarize other's people ideas.

         
        • If you buy the work, its not really plagiarizing. Its called business.
        • by john82 (68332) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @06:15AM (#19143115)

          Of course the person that makes this proof will have to concede every right to Wolfram and therefore in some way the 25K are just a payment for such intellectual property.
          I can't speak to your characterization of the relationship between Cook and Wolfram, however your assertion regarding the disposition of any provided proof is at best uninformed if not outright FUD. From the rules [wolframscience.com]:

          Submissions remain the sole property of submitter(s), but we reserve the right to publish summaries of any winning submission and the name of the submitter(s) on our website. It is also anticipated that any winning submission will be expanded into a scholarly paper that could be published in the Complex Systems journal.

          It was far too easy to follow the link in the original post and investigate.
  • by Anonymous Coward

    It'll take me some time.

    I can disprove it. It will take me some time.

    I can disprove it. It'll take me some time.

    I can disprove it. It will take me some time.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:04AM (#19142117)
    Is it just me... or is this graph [wolframscience.com] not family-appropriate?
    • "Sir! There's something on the radar screen. It looks like a giant..." (OK, over to you.)
      • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday May 16 2007, @03:18AM (#19142393)
        Sad thing is, I posted anonymously 'cause I figured the mods would think that was a troll. And now, I'm posting anonymously because this is off topic. Just my luck, this will get modded up as "funny" again, just for the irony.
  • Cult (Score:3, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:04AM (#19142121)
    I was disappointed that Wolfram's book A New Kind of Science wasn't something like a Scientology cult. He would have been the awesomest cult leader!
    • Cult of NKS (Score:5, Interesting)

      by drgonzo59 (747139) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @03:23AM (#19142419)
      Let's see what Wolfram's NKS and Scientology have in common.

      1. Both closed self-contained, self-referencial systems. ... "This is the new kind of science, old science is obsolete"

      2. Both venerate a person: Wolfram and L. Ron Hubbard.

      3. Both have this "us" versus "them" mentality.

      4. Both have their beliefs and ideas disregarded and ridiculed by the most sane individuals (this just reinforces the cult group cohesion).

      5. Both have exclusive facilities & training (NKS Summer School), special meetings and conferences for the members. I don't know...looks like a cult to me... ;-)

      • Re:Cult of NKS (Score:5, Insightful)

        by ichigo 2.0 (900288) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @03:52AM (#19142521)
        Thankfully they don't threaten and attack their opponents like scientologists do.
      • by antifoidulus (807088) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @04:14AM (#19142607) Homepage Journal
        So you are telling me lord Xenu used Mathematica to create all those space planes and send them into volcanoes?
      • I don't know...looks like a cult to me... ;-)

        Well, you know. Chemistry started as alchemistry, where a bunch of weirdos tried to turn everything they could find into gold.

        As long as he doesn't hurt anyone, let him do whatever he wants, something good may evolve out of it. I for one, won't even pretend I have a clue what on earth a two state machine with three colors should be.
  • No Halting State (Score:5, Interesting)

    by sugarmotor (621907) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:18AM (#19142177) Homepage
    The description states that the machine has no halting-state.

    I couldn't make out what is to be interpreted as the result of a particular computation of this machine.

    Seems like a pretty important detail.

    Anyone know?

    Stephan
    • Yeah, and wtf kind of notation is that? I suppose I could go to the library and dig up a copy of NKS, but $25,000 isn't worth the trouble.
      • by drgonzo59 (747139) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @03:42AM (#19142485)
        The nonsense is free online. Wow, now millions of people can read it, waste time ...and make fun it.. hopefully.

        Crazy NKS "goodness" for your reading "pleasure": here [wolframscience.com].

        Trust me, even if it is free, after reading it, you'll want your "free" back.

        • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday May 16 2007, @04:17AM (#19142619)
          The nonsense is free online. Wow, now millions of people can read it, waste time ...and make fun it.. hopefully. Crazy NKS "goodness" for your reading "pleasure": here .

          Trust me, even if it is free, after reading it, you'll want your "free" back.


          You didn't actually read the damn thing, did you? I'm getting really tired of this mindless NKS bashing, no matter how fashionable it is. A book that was largely favorably reviewed in Notices of the American Mathematical Society [ams.org] cannot be 100% nonsense, can it really? I find it amusing that those who are most critical of NKS are almost never real scientists.

          There are some severe flaws with NKS. The fundamental philosophical claims are highly doubtful, the "new science" mentioned in its title does not live to its name, the egomaniacal tone, the passing off of other people's hard work as Wolfram's own, the revisionist history, etc. But that said, there is a lot to enjoy in the book. The footnotes are worth the price of a copy on their own, as they are in many ways one of the best exposés of the history of the 20th century focusing on computer science, mathematics and physics I have ever read.

          I knew a lot about CAs and discrete models before reading the book, most likely more than you know, or will ever know, and yet I really did learn a lot from it. You just have to be intelligent and well-versed enough to be able to separate the wheat from the chaff. Maybe that's your real problem with the book?
          • by drgonzo59 (747139) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @05:01AM (#19142783)
            Yes I read it. I was one of the suckers who paid money for it before it was available online.

            There are some severe flaws with NKS.

            You bet!

            The fundamental philosophical claims are highly doubtful

            Check.

            ...the "new science" mentioned in its title does not live to its name

            Check

            the egomaniacal tone

            Also "Check"

            the passing off of other people's hard work as Wolfram's own, the revisionist history

            One more big "Check". -- This is what did it for me. I wish he made the appendix section the main part of the book. That's where he actually mentioned who did what before him and I found the examples there more interesting than Wolfram's prose + pictures. Yes, as scientist I am very sensitive and biased when it comes to passing someone's work as your own, that is very much a "no-no" in the scientific community. The only time the rest of the world hears about the scientists is when they discover something really amazing or plagiarize.

            Overall, was the reading insteresting?, -- it was alright for me. I learned some new things as well (but mostly things others did that W. re-did in Mathematica) about CA, tag systems, fractals and such. But it was anything but a "New Kind Of Science". It wasn't "New" (just re-packaged) and it wasn't a "Science" it was just prose. Apart from few examples, W.'s "proofs" consist of phrases like "I strongly believe X", "I am quite confident that Y" and "Look at the pretty picture I generated!".

            Trust me I tried to like it: I paid money for the book and spent time reading it, I didn't want o believe that I somehow 'wasted' it, but in the end I have to be honest to myself and say 'no' it isn't what it claims to be and 'yes' I wish I hadn't spent the time and money buying it.

    • Re:No Halting State (Score:5, Interesting)

      by drgonzo59 (747139) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:50AM (#19142271)
      If it can emulate a known tag system proven to be a UTM then it is also a UTM. But of course, if you show that it can emulate your typical basic CPU you can also claim it's a UTM. The tag system is easier... I think.



      But the larger question is "so what?". So what if it is? When he found the (2,5) system to be, I don't recall the scientific comunity awarding him a Nobel Prize. No matter how much he can run his rule 110 he will not come up with animals, humans or planets. But the whole implication is that that's how "it" happened.



      I'll admit, I was one of the suckers who bought NKS before it was put online for free. I read it all -- it reads like bedtime story book. Wolframs "proofs" are mostly just statements like I strongly believe..., I am quite convinced... and look at the pretty pattern I just made! and so on. The most interesting thing was the appendix where he lists some the results and publications of actual scientists (you know the ones that don't define their own "new science" and then by definition become "scientists"...). I whish he would have made the appendix the main part of his book and added his "beliefs" as an appendix.



      Of course, he has loads of cash to just sit around and create "cool" patterns and then have a bunch of followers cheering each other on as they play with CA -- it's like they have their own little world, their contests, conferences, classes and so on. Can you say the word "cult" ?

      • by QuantumG (50515) <qg@biodome.org> on Wednesday May 16 2007, @03:38AM (#19142467) Homepage Journal
        Let's not forget:

        being that I was both a computer programmer and a mathematician, I was in a unique position....

        I remember 5 years ago walking around my comp sci lab proclaiming to people:

        being that I am both a computer programmer and a master of Bubble Bobble, I am in a unique position....
        being that I am both a computer programmer and holding a piece of chalk right now, I am in a unique position....

        The implication being that I am going to lock myself in a cave for the next 10 years any minute now and come out to self publish a book about the lint I found in my navel.

        • But you'd have to look through his book. It's not just about mathematics. Don't for get it's a "OMG! New Kind Of Teh Scienz" He claims to revolutionize: biology, physics (at least fluid dynamics, material science, and of course fundamental physics), computer science (new compression methods using CA @@LOOK WOW!@@@) and so on. So yeah, assuming that he did create a 1) New 2) Better 3) Universal 4) Fundamental science he would have had any imaginable prize by now. But he just ended up with a bunch of silly fo
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      The description states that the machine has no halting-state.

      I couldn't make out what is to be interpreted as the result of a particular computation of this machine.

      Seems like a pretty important detail.

      I guess it's up to you to define the result interpretation in your proof. If you can make the machine encode "Finished emulating, and the result is: TRUE" on the tape (in whatever encoding of ascii into colors), then go into an idle loop over some other part of the tape, then it's probably OK with Wolfr

  • by vivaoporto (1064484) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:29AM (#19142211) Homepage
    I have a truly marvellous proof of this proposition which this comment is too narrow to contain.
  • by sifi (170630) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:45AM (#19142255)
    Hmmm, I wonder whether he'll sell any more books as a result of this: From the website: There is a large amount of relevant material in A New Kind of Science.
  • Hmm (Score:4, Funny)

    by Frogbert (589961) <frogbert@nosPAM.gmail.com> on Wednesday May 16 2007, @02:51AM (#19142275)
    I don't understand a word of the summary.. or the article.. But I'm going away to research the topic extensively, and when I get back you can all be assured I'll have opinions on it... Loud opinions!
  • by hajus (990255) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @03:31AM (#19142447)
    The problem I have with CA being proposed as a model of a reality is that the arrow of time in CA seems to be backwards. In our reality, we know the past, but the future is uncertain. In cellular automata, the future can be predicted perfectly, but the states which were used to get to the current state are ambiguous. Large grids of such give the illusion of life (such as behaviour of predator/prey) but only a macroscopic scale even though time goes backward. But the arrow of time becomes very visible when the cells are focussed in on. If you decide to look at it in reverse time to satisfy the microscopic view, you don't get that feeling of life at the macroscopic scale.
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      Interesting thought.

      But since CA represent perfect causal determinism, doesn't that mean we people have the time of arrow backwards ourselves when applying it to our own universe? Instead of the past causing the future, the future causes the past.

      The reason we don't know the future for sure, is for the same way that we can't tell for certain which of a number of potential preceding causal states created the "current" state in a CA.
    • by julesh (229690) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @05:43AM (#19142993)
      Yep. California is one fucked-up place.
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      I don't think you understand reality (or at least the current scientific models of it) very well. In reality the future is completely fixed and the past is uncertain (just like in CAs).

      Given a complete description of a scientific system, scientific models allow us to predict what the future state of the system will be. However, there is no guarantee that each starting state will reach a unique final one. So by observing the final state we cannot always uniquely determine the starting state.

      A good example of
      • by egomaniac (105476) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @09:32AM (#19145085) Homepage
        In reality the future is completely fixed? I'm guessing you're not a physicist. Quantum mechanics is an inherently probabilistic theory -- you can calculate the probability of given events happening, but that's it. You can smash the same two particles together five times in a row and get five different results.

        The future is absolutely not fixed, because randomness is deeply engrained into our universe.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday May 16 2007, @03:54AM (#19142531)
    ".. a rare blend of monster raving egomania and utter
    batshit insanity"

    Cosma Rohilla Shalizi on S.Wolfram, A new kind of science

    http://cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/notebooks/cellula r-automata.html [umich.edu]
  • Does anyone, after reading TFA (I know, not that common on slashdot) that we NEED governmental subsidized research? I mean, I know there are those who think the private sector and the free market is the solution to everything (like a financial turingmachine that is universal), but NO private industry wanting to make a profit out of it would ever finance such academic research and work.

    This is mainly knowdledge for the sake of knowledge, and companies aren't really interested in that. They would even only *c
    • For the benefit of society we should be funding research that can best serve society. And not in the idiocracy style of penis pills and hair growth treatments [hehehehehehe].

      Point is, as nice as it's to know about the TM thingy [whatever this is], it's very far removed from anything that can help people.

      Put it this way, you can either fund a local school, health care, research into cancer treatment [or whatever], ..., or you can pay someone to solve a math puzzle that will please 0.01% of the population at
      • "For the benefit of society we should be funding research that can best serve society."

        That would imply that one would know in front what research can best serve society.

        This is rather contentious and doubtful; first of all, it is rather arbitrary as to define what is 'best' for society, and furthermore, it's impossible to know what may come from that research in terms of future possibilities - or while not useful themselves, may lead to advances (or in combination with other research) that would otherwise
          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            The problem I have with this kind of reasoning is, that it's applicable to almost everything, and yet it denies the fact that there is no society on the planetthat does not diversify its funding.

            For instance, with the same token one can say:

            "Schools [as in for kids], uni, hospitals, and the like are ALREADY underfunded TODAY. Why waste money on space-exploration when the billions spend up there could be used to help people down here?"

            "Schools [as in for kids], uni, hospitals, and the like are ALREADY underf
            • Um, I actually agree with your comment about why fund wars. As for art, that's culture and for the most part society does benefit from it (why learn to read, when there is nothing to read about?). I know where you're going. And as I said yesterday (OMG I love repeating myself...) NOT EVERYTHING IS BLACK AND WHITE.

              I agree that some long term funding and risks are a good idea. However, many of these problems do not really come up in "the real world." So you have to balance what a few want with what many
    • That story is the _best_ argument FOR public funding.
      Wolfram only announces this (rather small) price to get publicity for his NKS bullshit, and sell more books.
      So in fact, the whole procedure will actually create a net loss in knowledge and intelligence (people that will work on it get dumber, and dont create useful knowledge in the meantime).
  • by martin-boundary (547041) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @04:08AM (#19142595)
    Ok, my proof is by contradiction: First, I take a sheet of graph paper and put a mark on it. Here's a transcript of the experiment.

    Me: Hello Mr (2,3), how are you?

    Graph paper: no response.

    Me: Hello. Mr (2,3)? Are you there?

    Graph paper: no response.

    Me: Mr (2,3), can you hear me?

    Graph paper: no response.

    Me: HELLO! CAN-YOU-HEAR-ME? MIS-TER (2,3)? CAN-YOU-HEAR-ME?

    Graph paper: no response.

    Me: ARE-YOU-THERE? MIS-TER (2,3)? PLEASE RESPOND?

    Graph paper: no response.

    Me: MIS-TER (2,3), PLEASE RESPOND NOW! IF-YOU-DO-NOT, I-SHALL-BE-FORCED-TO-CONCLUDE-THAT-YOU-ARE-NOT-HUM AN! N-O-T H-U-M-A-N!

    Graph paper: no response.

    Obviously, based on this Turing test, the (2,3) machine is not intelligent, but all intelligent creatures can simulate universal Turing machines. Contradiction! Q.E.D.

  • by ynotds (318243) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @07:36AM (#19143635) Homepage Journal
    It may be interesting to those who aren't just here to bash Wolfram that this offer to provide a prize for a proof of one of his key conjectures in A New Kind of Science (NKS) comes only seven weeks after another key conjecture was disproved. [wolframscience.com] (The fact that that disproof was brought to public notice by the NKS Forum moderator might suggest that the ongoing NKS project is happy enough for results to fall whichever way they will.)

    On a visit to Champaign-Urbana in the late 1980s, still before he officially started on NKS, Wolfram took me through where he felt his cellular automata research was headed which hinted at some of the inferences he would eventually draw from his mountains of research data. That was even before the Santa Fe Institute paper which was foolishly read as retreating [meme.com.au] from the edge of chaos-border of order which had briefly been the focus of the quest for the source of emergent complexity during the 1980s.

    The resources Wolfram is bringing to the table are significant and have certainly helped put complex systems back in the spotlight after far too many of the first generation of researchers were seduced by the marginal returns they could get by applying their methods to the derivatives market, no matter whether their methods made a significant difference or not.

    The downside of continuing to focus on the simplest possible mechanisms (Wolfram calls them 'programs') as the source of a critical threshold is that all those much sought after proofs of universality, from the early one for Conway's Life on, are vast feats of engineering and thus make no useful progress towards the implicit goal of helping to explain how we/anything got here in the first place.

    So I'll keep playing with my own idiosyncratic program to explore a bit deeper in that narrow and difficult transition region between order and chaos, but might be tempted to have another look at Mathematica's increasing support for such research once it is available via CP6AN.
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      'rule 110'? Come on, that's so much less interesting than 'rule 265'.

      'rule 110'? Come on, that's so much less interesting than 'rule 256'.

      There is no rule 265, so, I fixed it for you...

    • Its way less interesting then rule 34.
    • by khallow (566160) on Wednesday May 16 2007, @04:19AM (#19142623)

      I don't see your point. Mathematicians have offered prizes before for solving problems. Paul Erdos is the most famous of these and his prizes were very successful IMHO at inspiring young mathematicians to investigate the combinatorial and number theory problems that Erdos was interested in. Even if Dr. Wolfram is grandstanding, he offers good money in return. My take is that $25k is roughly six to nine months of postdoc. Not a bad return.

      So, in summary, I see Wolfram here using a proven method for getting math results that he is interested in.
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        I don't see your point either. I am doing a postdoc right now and they
        are paying me because they suppose I will do something good in this time.
        Even if I do not produce incredible results I will get paid.
        Wolfram instead, pays you only if you succeed in something that is very difficult
        (if he has not solved it by himself)

        No my dear, this is mass extortion: he gets all the advantages and no drawbacks:

        - he seems to be generous!
        - he sells more copies of his horrid science fiction book;
        - he gets dozens of smart gu
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      Knowing how self-congratulatory and megalomaniac Wolfram is, he will also throw out any proofs which:

      1. Arent done or simulated using Mathematica, so he cant use them to further advertise Mathematica.
      2. Don't cite his book "A New Kind Of Science" as primary and most important reference, which is itself more of an Mathematica scam, then "A Kind of Science" at all.

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      I feel for you, but I have a background in computability theory and I've decided, after looking at the problem page (and not having read any of Wolfram's other stuff) that the challenge is
      • perfectly sensible, and,
      • quite hard.

      He describes a Turing machine with a language consisting of three symbols (his use of colors is annoying), two states, and six state transitions. It's much easier to follow if you ignore all the pictures and just read the set description of his machine. The third '1' in the output