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Global Warming May Have Killed the Dinosaurs

Posted by Zonk on Fri Jan 26, 2007 10:51 PM
from the circle-of-life dept.
The Fun Guy sent in a link to the American Society for Microbiology site, your leading news source for everything between nano and macro. The site is featuring a story about new research into the KT barrier extinction: the period in history where the dinosaurs went extinct, along with a number of other families of species. For a number of years scientists have theorized that an impact on the Yucatan peninsula was responsible for the species crash, but microbiological examination of marine organisms of the time indicate life persisted for another 300,000 years after the 'Chicxulub impact'. The researchers at Princeton who made this discovery theorize that global warming caused by a volcanic eruption in India is a more likely culprit for the world-wide devastation. The article generalizes that there is no 'smoking gun' for this event, and further research is required.
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[+] Museum IDs New Species of Dinosaur 79 comments
Uryugen writes "A new dinosaur species was a plant-eater with yard-long horns over its eyebrows, suggesting an evolutionary middle step between older dinosaurs with even larger horns and the small-horned creatures that followed, experts said. The dinosaur's horns, thick as a human arm, are like those of triceratops — which came 10 million years later. However, this animal belonged to a subfamily that usually had bony nubbins a few inches long above their eyes"
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  • Irony Alert (Score:5, Funny)

    by suckmysav (763172) <suckmysavNO@SPAMgmail.com> on Friday January 26 2007, @10:54PM (#17780340) Journal
    Ironically, the dinosaurs are playing a leading role in our own Global Warming Saga.

    • Just like your average America, a dinosaur doesn't fit in a compact car. Can you blame them for driving SUVs?
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Ironically, the dinosaurs are playing a leading role in our own Global Warming Saga.

      Or, not. I think the dead, liquid dinosaurs are the scapegoats. I think people are afraid to admit that its that pesky Sun, on a warming cycle, and volcanic action, there's been a lot, and just plain cycles.

      People are afraid to admit it because then it is out of our control, and one thing people really like is to be in control.

      • I was thinking more along the lines of " ...fossilized dinosaurs... fill our tanks *cue theme from BP advert*"
      • by cyber-vandal (148830) on Saturday January 27 2007, @05:53AM (#17782228) Homepage
        Seriously, there's no money in everything being fine.

        People who make money from oil, the Chinese, the Indians, and everyone else who wouldn't have to do any cleaning up would probably disagree with that statement.

        There is bugger all money in anthropomorphic climate change. There is instead a big cost in changing things if it turns out to be true and therefore a big financial incentive to deny it at all costs.

        That means you have to have millions and billions of cars to get any kind of a quantity.

        Not to mention all the other vehicles including planes, trains, trucks etc and all factories pumping out waste. In any case there might well be a billion cars on the roads of the world now; if not it probably isn't that far off.

        Given the recovery capacity of the planet, what makes you think your puny a$$ vespa or even my brontosaur vehicle can spew enough crap to cause climatic change?

        What does the recovery capacity of the planet have to do with whether the human race gets wiped out or not?
  • Oh really? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by saskboy (600063) on Friday January 26 2007, @10:57PM (#17780370) Homepage Journal
    "Global Warming May Have Killed the Dinosaurs"

    So Global Warming looks like a comet? Good thing McNaught isn't going to hit us, eh? ;-)

    It's sad that there's a massive following of climate change deniers online, but such is the nature of the Internet - even the kooks have large communities that can email millions of people.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      It's sad that there's a massive following of climate change deniers online. . .

      Look up, "The Year Without a Summer."

      It was caused by . . .volcanos eruputing. For decades volcanoes have been well understood to cause global cooling by spreading ash into the high atmosphere which reflects solar radiation.

      It's sad there's a massive following of the global warming is going to kill us all promoters online and off, to the extent that they've had to warp everything bad that happens, everytime, everywhere, to the ef
      • by mdsolar (1045926) on Saturday January 27 2007, @12:12AM (#17780836) Homepage Journal
        Volcanos cause short term cooling until the ash falls out. Many volcanos erupting together cause longer term warming owing to the higher CO2 concentration.

        You seem to want the climate to be entirely free from constraints of cause and effect, it can go wherever it wants for no reason at all. This is, I think, what you mean by instability. Climate feedbacks do occur but this is not the same thing as the butterfly effect which makes weather difficult to predict. Climate follows forcing and both the short term aerosols that you cite and the long term GHG balance have definite effects on climate.
        ----
        Because this false equating of weather behavior and climate behavior has been a major part of a well funded attempt to decieve the public http://mdsolar.blogspot.com/2007/01/your-opinion-c ould-be-paid-for-by.html [blogspot.com] you may want to closely scutinize what has influenced your opinion here.

        Skeptical about global warming? Who cares, you can still save money by switching to solar: http://mdsolar.blogspot.com/2007/01/slashdot-users -selling-solar.html [blogspot.com]
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          You seem to want the climate to be entirely free from constraints of cause and effect, it can go wherever it wants for no reason at all.

          Balderdash. For starters, I don't "want" anything. This goes a long way toward freeing me from whatever the current fashionable hysteria happens to be. For seconds, things happen because of causes. Nothing happens "just because."

          That's magic. There is no magic. If there is something to the "paranormal" it isn't paranormal. If it happens, it happens for reason. Reasons are n
            • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

              . . .FUD that is being spread about warming . . .

              If you have Fear that the climate isn't warming you just might have a political bias. Uncertainy and Doubt are called "science." If you lack them, you aren't doing any. All you can legitimately do is define their limits . . .provisionally. :)

              It is difficult to predict if your bicycle will fall to the left or to the right,. . .

              No. It's pretty simple really. In fact it was my field of research back in the 70s. Really. I can even determine which way it falls wi
                • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                  It kills me that people fail to understand that roughly 10,000 years ago we had a rapid, major climate shift. About 10,000 years before that, we had another one. And in the 100,000 years before that, we had around 23 major climate shifts. And all of these occurred on the order of a decade or two, at most. From 110,000 BP to modern times we've had 25 major climate shifts, many of them confined to one hemisphere. And we average one every 4400 years. But quite luckily for human civilization, we've had a relati
      • An interesting "blanket" theory I've not heard before. The problem is, the earth is not a warm blooded mammal that can SWEAT! Shit, I don't typically swear but that's a fucking stupid talking point.

        -Pardon my french, I'm trying a new tact with CO2 lovers this weekend.
  • by Dr. Zowie (109983) <slashdot&deforest,org> on Friday January 26 2007, @10:58PM (#17780380)
    The most plausible work I've seen on the subject is based on Durda & Kring's [harvard.edu] recent work on giant impacts and heat of re-entry. Based on the size of the Chixculub (sp?) impact crater, they concluded that the heat of re-entering rock on ballistic trajectories would have heated almost the entire atmosphere to incandescence. This is global warming of a sort, I suppose.

    I've seen talks by archaeobiologists who assert that the dinosaurs were simply broiled by the heat coming from the atmosphere. That theory nicely explains why small, burrowing creatures suddenly took off and why the seas weren't as strongly affected by the land: anything small enough to hide in a burrow, or agile enough to swim deep underwater for a few days survived (at least in numbers large enough to propagate); everything else was cooked. It is also consistent with the fossil record, which shows huge amounts of charcoal cinders near the K-T boundary wherever you look, and a drastic change in the types of pollen present.

    Disclaimer: I am not a paleontologist, I'm only an astrophysicist.

    • by radtea (464814) on Friday January 26 2007, @11:13PM (#17780488)
      It is also consistent with the fossil record, which shows huge amounts of charcoal cinders near the K-T boundary wherever you look, and a drastic change in the types of pollen present.

      The article claims based on microbiological analysis from drill cores in Texas that the impact event, the tsunami event often associated with the impact, and the KT boundary, are all quite distinct in time, and all are distinct from the changes in microfosils that they think are indicitave of the dinosaurs dying. The article ends with a ridiculous statement that implies birds evolved after the KT event rather than before. Birds are not dinosaurs. Birds survived the KT event. Dinosours did not.

      Curiously, they do not discuss how an impact of the type they claim to identify was not associated with a tsunami. Nor is there mention of how the irridium got into the KT boundary layer without an impact.

      Whenever you see anyone filling in an area of uncertainty with a trendy, crisis-du-jour explanation, you should be very sceptical. The odds that a major socio-economic/political concern today just happens to be related to a mass extinction in the distant past are extremely low. The odds of scientists (and reporters) letting current concerns bleed into their hypotheses is on the other hand extremely high.
  • by Bwana Geek (1033040) on Friday January 26 2007, @10:59PM (#17780394) Journal
    Obviously, the government needs to enforce reductions in volcanic emissions. In order to save our planet, we need to progress toward the use of more environmentally-friendly natural disasters.
    • Either that, or get the dinosaurs to drive hybrids and install CFL bulbs.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        General rant (sorry iminplaya, you're the straw and I'm the camel):

        Every time a global warming story comes up, lots of readers throw out their own unsubstantiated (or more usually debunked) theories, without bothering with basic fact checking. Here, the parent is 'certainly interested' in geologic CO2 fluxes, but can't be bothered to search. Are geological CO2 fluxes being measured? Yes. It's called Wikipedia, people.

        Sorry. But if someone throws out solar fluctuations as the primary reason for current
        • by misanthrope101 (253915) on Saturday January 27 2007, @01:20AM (#17781160)
          Because they're going to keep saying it, and you'll have to keep repeating yourself. Global warming skepticism is not caused by an inordinate concern for intellectual integrity and rigor. Similarly, Evolution "skeptics" will still tell you that evolution is impossible because of the 2nd law of thermodynamics, even though this has been refuted countless thousands of times. The mentality is the same. They trust all the fruits of science but think they can safely discard the mental model that created those fruits.

          Well, that's the polite way of phrasing it. Basically they're just arrogant. They don't understand global warming (or evolution) and they really think that their own seat-of-the-pants assessment is more insightful than that of scientists who make their living analyzing the data. The virulent strain of populism that defines American culture encourages this. Evangelical Christianity encourages this. The media plays into it. The media exists to sell toothpaste and beer, and you don't sell as much toothpaste and beer if your message to viewers is "you don't understand things as well as you think you do, because you lack the education." It's a sad, self-perpetuating situation, but you (and all likeminded people) are stuck in a never-ending cycle of refuting the same claims, again and again and again and...

          • by Anonymous Coward

            Global warming skepticism is not caused by an inordinate concern for intellectual integrity and rigor.

            The global warming issue has been the cause of some of the shoddiest "science" I've ever seen in my almost 30 years as a researcher. I don't think I've seen any other supposedly serious field of study with such a high proportion of almost completely bogus work.

            I'm a skeptic of anything so obviously incorrect, and much of the crud being presented as "research" by both the devotees and naysayers is definitel

          • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

            I am sure there were people who thought the "skeptics" of the world is flat theory were crazy too. There are doubts being raise on global warming (here [foxnews.com], here [bbc.co.uk], here [usatoday.com]). Further, we don't completely understand the science of the climate. Predicting the future climate has uncertainties. Just look at local weather prediction. They don't say the percentages any more, but they use a computer model that gives the percentages like 80% chance of rain, but these predictions are not certain. Some scientists have
            • by hasbeard (982620) on Saturday January 27 2007, @04:23AM (#17781914)

              As a Christian who is able to think for myself, I'd like to make a response to your comments.

              First, I agree somewhat with you. I too am uncomfortable with some of the politicization of the Church in America. The Church is at it's best when it is under pressure and persecution, not when it is wielding political power. I really don't care much for state religions myself.

              However, I don't believe that Christians (even fundamentalists) has a monopoly on denying the truth. It is basic human nature to deny what we don't won't to see. The Bible actually describes and depicts this willful tendency of ours toward self-blinding.

              I don't discount what scientists say, but then again I also treat it with some skepticism because I know that scientists are subject to the same problems that the rest of us are. Their judgment can be affected by self-interest just as much as you and me.

              Also, I beg to differ on another point. Positive opinions on the topics you have mentioned are, with a doubt, held by many Christians. But, wouldn't you agree they are also held by many non-Christians also? Are "fundamentalist Christians" the only people who deny evolution? Are fundamentalist Christians the only people who are skeptical regarding global warming? Are fundamentalist Christians the only people who believe in free market capitalism?

              I would ask you, why do non-Christians hold some of these same views you seem to be opposing? Are they somehow under the control of the same "force" as the "fundamentalist Christians"? How do you explain this?

              Also, if you believe that "fundamentalist Christians" are somehow being controlled for the benefit of commercial interests, I think there is something else to take into account. You will probably find these same "fundamentalists" also hold some opinions antithetical to those of business. For example, many large businesses provide benefits for "same-sex partners." I don't think the fundamentalists like that. In this case, it seems they are thinking for themselves.

              You also seem to be assuming that no one who honestly examines the facts on global warming, evolution, capitalism, etc., can come to an conclusion opposite to your own. Might I suggest that people of integrity can find themselves on opposites sides of an issue for reasons other than a desire not to face the truth?

              Please remember that you are also bringing your own set of presuppositions to the discussion, and that there are factors influencing your thinking of which you not aware.

                • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

                  Do you trust your minister or baker to hold insightful views on string theory?

                  OTOH, most slashdotters with no background in physics, not even basic mechanics, much less fundamental physics, feel compelled to trust their own seat-of-the-pants views on string theory, dark energy, dark matter, etc...

                  You have to trust someone. I trust science.

                  Science is not, never has been, and never will be "someone". I think that you actually mean "I trust scientists.". Not that that is an entirely bad thing, but you ou

                  • Science is not, never has been, and never will be "someone". I think that you actually mean "I trust scientists.". Not that that is an entirely bad thing, but you ought to say what you mean.

                    I did. I trust the process, the model, the way of looking at the world. Individual scientists are fallible, but I trust the worldview because it tries to discover and understand the world around us as best we can. I appreciate you dedication to exact language, but my statement was correct as written.

                    I'm sure our

        • by Morgaine (4316) on Saturday January 27 2007, @03:44AM (#17781812)
          In accepting consensus opinion, you are ignoring one small little problem. The scientific method.

          • 1) The extremely widely accepted global warming theory relies entirely on the results computed by the world's many Global Climate Models. These GCMs embody our scientific understanding of climate. There is absolutely no way for the combined and interacting effects of thousands of elements of known physics to be determined analytically --- it can only be done by simulation.
          • 2) Not a single one of our current crop of GCMs can model the 100,000-year cycle of glaciations even remotely closely. The changes in solar irradiation resulting from orbital variations do not account for the 12 or so degs C variation between glaciated and interglacial peaks directly, and the currently simulated oceanic and atmospheric feedbacks do not account for it indirectly.
          • 3) Climatologists acknowlege extremely widely in peer-reviewed papers that oceanic and atmospheric circulations are currently modelled only very simplistically, and that that cloud formation dynamics in particular are work in progress and that our current knowledge in this area cannot reliably predict even the sign of atmospheric feedback under major climate perturbations.
          • 4) Oceanic biota contribute 10 times as much CO2 exchange to/from the atmosphere as the entirety of human activity, yet the collosal changes (90%) in the oceanic biosphere through direct human activity over the last century are not part of the climate modelling in any current GCM.

          Put those 4 things together and the "science" of climate change has a problem. The problem is simple: scientifically, we cannot use the scientific method to predict change because our best models are not yet scientifically predictive. That's an absolute problem, and it can't be fudged by wishful thinking.

          We know many facts --- most of the measurements are not in doubt. The trouble is, we can't add those facts together because the underlying model isn't working even to first order. You HAVE to be able to model major effects like the glaciation cycle before you can be confident that your model is valid for smaller effects like a 1 or 2 degrees C of additional contributory greenhouse heating.

          The fact that the vast majority of climatologists believe that we are witnessing unprecedented global warming and that man's outpouring of CO2 is the key factor in it really has no bearing on the above. Science is not about beliefs. And it's not about witnessing diverse effects in the world around us and mentally putting 2 and 2 together. That's not science.

          The only thing that's really certain is that we're witnessing an unprecedented rise in CO2 levels, and that the extra CO2 is undoubtedly a contributing factor for any climate change. And that's it. That's all we know. The rest is supposition, and the results from our GCM simulations cannot be accepted as gospel because they are quite severely limited, and do not match history, and we know it.

          I'm not actually a skeptic on global warming at all (personally), but I absolutely refuse to attribute to science a prediction that the scientific method cannot currently deliver. It's a matter of scientific integrity.
        • Even better than the wiki is this [wikipedia.org]

          I thought there was a recent Slashdot article where profs weren't taking Wikipedia as a reference in term papers because of potential inaccuracies and bias?

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          And what do you read? Define 'smoke'. If you want to talk CO2, start here [und.edu].
          Then read this [nasa.gov]. Surprise! The volcano argument is lame.

          Your post is exactly what I am talking about [slashdot.org]; I should have teed off on you instead of that other guy. You have a belief (loosely stated as my poop can't possibly be as stinky as moose poop) and have found support for it with a number that is, by any sane reading of the data, wrong. There's plenty of holes to poke in climate change science, but where the increased atmospheric
  • by Anonymous Coward on Friday January 26 2007, @11:01PM (#17780406)
    "The findings suggest that global cooling led to a sea level drop from about 80 m to 30 m that apparently was more detrimental to foraminifera than was the Chicxulub impact, which occurred during the preceding warming." Maybe I'm missing something but I always thought the meteorite caused a lot of dust which obscured the sun and led to global cooling. That's what also happens with a volcano. So the Slashdot article says one thing but the article it cites says another. Hmm.
    • First global warming winnowed down the diversity of species.
      Later, global cooling wiped out the ones that were left.

      From what they can tell, the Chicxulub impact occured too early to have triggered the global cooling.
  • by keithdino (467607) on Friday January 26 2007, @11:08PM (#17780450)
    I know of at least one paper, published by Prof. Dewey McLean of Virginia Tech in the journal Science in 1978 that suggested that a major warming event was the cause of the K-T extinctions: "A terminal Mesozoic greenhouse: lessons from the past" (Science, 1978). Sometime later, he identified the Deccan Traps volcanism as a likely source of the CO2 that may have induced this warming: "Terminal Cretaceous Extinctions and Volcanism: a Link", in an abstract at the AAAS National Meeting, Toronto, Canada, in January 1981.
  • Iridium layer (Score:4, Interesting)

    by rlp (11898) on Friday January 26 2007, @11:10PM (#17780464)
    How do they explain away the layer of iridium rich clay (around the world) from around the time of the mass extinction. Current theory says it's vaporized impact material.
    • by kettch (40676) on Friday January 26 2007, @11:52PM (#17780722) Homepage
      How do they explain away the layer of iridium rich clay (around the world) from around the time of the mass extinction. Current theory says it's vaporized impact material.

      Easy, that is explained here [wikipedia.org] (search for iridium)

      Current global warming problems are explained here [go.com]
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      They don't have to, because they don't deny that the impact took place. They just don't think it was the cause of the extinction.
  • "For a number of years scientists have theorized that an impact on the Yucatan peninsula was responsible for the species crash, but microbiological examination of marine organisms of the time indicate life persisted for another 300,000 years after the 'Chicxulub impact'."

    Wow, I wonder if there's still life on the planet in question...
  • by starseeker (141897) on Friday January 26 2007, @11:16PM (#17780512) Homepage
    The Chicxulub event, while large, is not the only large impact suffered in Earth's history. There are quite a number of large craters in the geologic history, and probably more that we have not stumbled upon yet. The Earth Impact Database lists two craters larger than Chicxulub:

    http://www.unb.ca/passc/ImpactDatabase/CIDiameterS ort2.htm [www.unb.ca]

    Wikipedia blurbs on the two largest (as usual, do more research to verify if interested:)

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vredefort_crater [wikipedia.org]
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudbury_Basin [wikipedia.org]

    There are also questions about a possible crater in Antarctica, but it's too new an announcement to know if the features observed are actually impact related: http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/erthboom.htm [osu.edu]

    My question is, why would the Chicxulub event have been so uniquely deadly?

    I suppose one possible scenario is a double (or more) sucker punch of large impact followed by volcanic activity and/or other factors that happened to hit while the Earth was still recovering from the impact. Of course, that's a bit complex for a spectacular headline.

    I hope work continues on this - it's a fascinating insight into our environment and might be useful in knowing how to safeguard ourselves against changes in the future.

  • by istartedi (132515) on Friday January 26 2007, @11:33PM (#17780612) Journal

    Nah. Everybody knows the real reason [danielbowen.com] they died out.

  • It really isn't clear from the article how they define the boundry. It seems like a geologically disturbed region and somehow they put the boundry well above the glass. Yet tsunamis were supposed to have passed there so why not just rapidly cover it we easily eroded disturbed sediment? If the boundry is defined by irridum, and they are drilling in the bottom of a former river, again, sedimentation from irridum enriched erosion might expalain their measurement.

    There is quite a lot of evidence that in l
  • by dltaylor (7510) on Friday January 26 2007, @11:56PM (#17780748)
    Every time one of these simple-minded "scientists" proclaims Chicxulub didn't do it, because of "X", it reminds me how badly science suffers from monomania.

    It's really not that difficult: the Earth's climate has demonstrated multiple stable (more than a few million years) and metastable states, ranging from snowball to hothouse, with side trips through conditions like our current glacial/interglacial metastate. The rate at which climate state can change, once change begins, is generally faster than species, particularly those embedded in "eco-web", can follow. When the Chicxulub event happened, the global climate state was moved toward a different one which was not conducive to the major fauna of the time, the dinosaurs. It didn't kill everything overnight (except near ground zero), but may have thrown off the timing of mating, reduced the efficiency of some primary plant's life-cycle, or in some other way moved the birth rate of the dinosaurs to below replacement (less efficient animals have fewer reserves and are more vulnerable to disease, for example). Some species and ecosystems may have required a few hundred thousand years to dwindle away, but the impact triggered that particular extinction event. Other events, such as the Permian-Triassic extinction, are more likely to have been caused by vulcanism.
    • Thanks. Can you distill this down to a simple yes or no? I need to know because I'd like to Friend or Foe you, but I am unsure about how you stand on global warming.

      Also, is oil really made from dead dinosaurs?
  • If I remember correctly during the age of the dinos the earth was MUCH warmer than today. The O2 content of the atmosphere was also MUCH higher. Also believe it or not the whole asteroid/comet thing killing the dinos off is a theory. Not all of the scientific community is convinced that theory is correct.
  • by Varmint01 (415694) on Saturday January 27 2007, @01:21AM (#17781162)
    A professor of mine once pointed out something very interesting about the Indian volcano theory for the extinction of the dinosaurs. The Indian subcontinent was, 65 million years ago, more or less on the exact opposite side of the Earth from what would eventually become the Yucatan Peninsula. Remember that the Earth is really like a huge ball of liquid, molten rock (the mantle) with a thin crust of solidified material on the outside. What happens when you flick a water balloon really hard with your finger, but don't break it? The force of the blow causes waves to radiate throughout the water from the point of impact in all directions, and dissipates against the inside of the balloon. The point of strongest force for these waves will be on the direct opposite side of the balloon from the point of impact, which bubbles out briefly before returning to place.

    On a global scale, a massive meteor impact would actually cause massive and very sudden volcanic eruptions on the opposite side of the Earth as it causes a wave of magma to concentrate on one very small spot.
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Who said GW cannot be caused by a natural process?

      The issue here is that we might be warming the Earth artificially already, so when the natural process kicks in on top of our "contribution" we all could be royally screwed.

      We are in fact supposed to be living in an Ice Age at the moment, so the "natural" warming ain't even here yet!

      On the positive side, perhaps 75 million years in the future some giant cockroaches could use our liquified remains to fuel the SUVs!
    • That is too long ago to be useful information. I'd like to know what the cavemen did to bring about the end the last ice age, 10,000 years ago.