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MIT Shows How to Shut Down Brain With Light

Posted by samzenpus on Thu Mar 29, 2007 03:32 AM
from the men-in-black dept.
An anonymous reader writes "The MIT home-page story today is about a way to use light to shut down brain activity. "Scientists at the MIT Media Lab have invented a way to reversibly silence brain cells using pulses of yellow light, offering the prospect of controlling the haywire neuron activity that occurs in diseases such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease."
+ -
story
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  • by joe_cot (1011355) on Thursday March 29 2007, @03:34AM (#18525831) Homepage
    There are easier ways to shut down brain activity. 4chan comes to mind.
    • by drwiii (434) on Thursday March 29 2007, @03:55AM (#18525927)
      Rule 1 violation.
    • This fits the discovery by Brainerd in 2001 that the human (and animal) eye has a receptor for blue light that controls the circadian clock.

      The cataract surgeons are debating whether it's safer to put in plastic replacement lenses that block blue (to maybe reduce the risk of eye damage from blue light), or if that's a bad idea. Turns out reducing blue during the daytime makes people sleepier.

      There's a lot to this; I wonder if the MIT folks know about the other work in the area of using blue light to stay a
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 29 2007, @03:35AM (#18525837)
    ...that this is actually a plan to invent the Neuralizer from Men in Black?
      • Nah. I think they're trying to make the Disco-Hypno gun from Looker [imdb.com]
        Ah yes, the L.O.O.K.E.R. gun (Light Ocular Oriented Kinetic Energetic Responsers).
  • Finally! (Score:5, Funny)

    by Steve--Balllmer (1070854) on Thursday March 29 2007, @03:37AM (#18525845)
    ... a scientific reason why we /.ers should not leave the darkness of our parents' basements and our computer monitors, and continue to avoid the dreaded realm known as "outside".
    • ... a scientific reason why we /.ers should not leave the darkness of our parents' basements and our computer monitors, and continue to avoid the dreaded realm known as "outside".

      You mean that big, blue room?

      I dunno about you, but I have problems going in there in the first place. That room is big. And it's got that huge, moving light that radiates heat. Probably, what, 1000 watts? Boggles the mind.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday March 29 2007, @03:39AM (#18525857)
    According to the article:

    When neurons are engineered to express the halorhodopsin gene, the researchers can inhibit their activity by shining yellow light on them. Light activates the chloride pumps, which drive chloride ions into the neurons, lowering their voltage and silencing their firing.
    So, if we genetically engineer some people with Parkinson's or epilepsy to have these halorhodopsin neurons, we can give them a normal life as long as we find a way to shine light directly into their brains?
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      So, if we genetically engineer some people with Parkinson's or epilepsy to have these halorhodopsin neurons, we can give them a normal life as long as we find a way to shine light directly into their brains?

      I think the article infers that we genetically engineer animals with Parkinson's and Epilepsy having the gene (that is, set up a disease model), then implant LED's into their heads, play with the lights and see what happens, then get a PhD and maybe even a Nobel Prize.

      It's unlikely they would use this method in actual human therapy.

      • by kripkenstein (913150) on Thursday March 29 2007, @06:38AM (#18526547) Homepage
        No, actually the article directly implies that human treatment will come out of this:

        "In the future, controlling the activity patterns of neurons may enable very specific treatments for neurological and psychiatric diseases, with few or no side effects," said Edward Boyden, assistant professor
        - so this is not just a case of a bad writeup of serious research, or a bad summary on Slashdot. It could be a quote taken out of context, though. In any case, the researchers think this (or something related to it) will be viable eventually, while I, for one, must agree with the grandparent post - how exactly will these light-sensitive chloride pumps get into the brains of already-living sick people?

        I assume that the final human treatment, if any is arrived at, will be very different from what they are doing at present. Time will tell. In any case, a very interesting area of research, even if it is hyped a little regarding possible applications.
        • by TapeCutter (624760) on Thursday March 29 2007, @07:58AM (#18527013) Journal
          I think the part about controling fits is very vaugue, I read "sponsor bait" or to be more polite speculation. Overall I think TFA gave the impression they are planning to use it to non-invasively investigate "circuits" in the hope of creating a device that can predict and prevent a fit with the minimum of intervention.

          The news (to me) in the story is a non-invasive tool that can "flip" individual neurons into a binary on/off state in a controlled manner. I don't know what current "tools" are capable of, nor their level of invasiveness, but it seems to me a wetware debbuging tool such as this could lead to an explosion of knowlage that would make it worthy of a Nobel prize in the not too distant future.

          Having said that, AFAIK indivdual neurons are not binary, their activity level is mesured as a "frequency". It would be interesting to know if the neuron's firing frequency can be controlled with more resolution than the simple on/off implied in TFA.
          • Yes, both the "on" (channelrhodopsin + blue light) and the "off" (halorhodopsin + yellow light) work on millisecond timescales, just like neurons normally do. The halo paper itself in PLoS one has a great image of being able to assassinate a single spike in a neuron being fired at a typical rate. You can also record a neuron's normal firing pattern and "play it back" with incredible fidelity using blue light to cause the firing.
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      It might be possible to use retroviruses to insert the light-sensitive genes into the patients' cells [wikipedia.org].
  • by User 956 (568564) on Thursday March 29 2007, @03:40AM (#18525859) Homepage
    The MIT home-page story today is about a way to use light to shut down brain activity.

    Well, I guess that's cheaper than alcohol.
  • Politics (Score:5, Funny)

    by nagora (177841) on Thursday March 29 2007, @03:43AM (#18525869)
    Expect to see a lot of yellow lights at party rallies from now on...
  • Considering certain patterns of light, as found in some video games, for example, have the ability to bring about seizures and people the suffer from Epilepsy, it makes sanse that certain patterns of light would also be able to reverse that effect.
    • Re:Makes sense (Score:4, Insightful)

      by bindo (82607) on Thursday March 29 2007, @04:06AM (#18525975)
      Considering certain patterns of light, as found in some video games, for example, have the ability to bring about seizures and people the suffer from Epilepsy, it makes sanse that certain patterns of light would also be able to reverse that effect.

      Considering certain patterns of falling boulders, as found on some mountains, for example, have the ability to bring death and people the suffer from Epilepsy (sic!). it makes sanse that certain patterns of falling boulders would also be able to reverse that effect.
      NOT!

      Common sense is not a substitute for knowledge. The two effects are not even related.
      • I'm not sure if common sense is a proper name for that, it sounds more like weird cartoon logic to me.
      • Considering certain patterns of falling boulders, as found on some mountains, for example, have the ability to bring death and people the suffer from Epilepsy (sic!). it makes sanse that certain patterns of falling boulders would also be able to reverse that effect.

        Obviously. It's already been proven in cartoons time and time again that if something falling on your head causes amnesia or a personality change that additional impact to your head will cure it. In the case of personality change you may need to apply such force several times as you may simply trigger alternate personalities instead, but you can repeat until satisfied.

    • Considering certain patterns of light, as found in some video games, for example, have the ability to bring about seizures and people the suffer from Epilepsy, it makes sanse that certain patterns of light would also be able to reverse that effect.

      No, thats what happens when pulses of light generate signals in the brain via the optic nerve which interfere with existing signals in the brain. Incidently, back when people used to build strobe lights for discos, etc there used to be warnings about pulsing ligh

  • As in the '60s British series - they had lights that pulsed over peoples faces to make them do/forget things...
    • Gene Wolfe's The Book of the Long Sun [amazon.com] had computer monitors could implant an artificial intelligence in anyone who looked at their patterns of swirling colours (as the population in the novels worshipped these artificial intelligences, this was seen as "possession by a god" like in ancient Greek thought). Ironically, this has been called by some critics the most scientifically unbelievable thing in the work, since "looking at patterns of light can't change your brain."
      • Re:Or Wolfe (Score:5, Informative)

        by cnettel (836611) on Thursday March 29 2007, @04:08AM (#18525979)
        This is direct exposure, not through the eyes. In addition, the neurons have been altered (an added gene with a photosensitive product) to respond to this treatment.
    • by mrbluze (1034940) on Thursday March 29 2007, @04:40AM (#18526107) Journal

      Did anyone read TFA? It has nothing to do with light entering the eye and hitting the retina. Forget the strobe lights!

      This study is great, because it means we can study animals better. It means researchers will get much more useful information from animal studies (instead of operating on 1000's of rabbits or something, they can do heaps of studies on just one rabbit), which will lead to new and better targets for drug research, better drugs, and perhaps a cure - way down the track.

      • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

        "This study is great ... instead of operating on 1000's of rabbits ... they can do heaps of studies on just one rabbit"

        Unless you're that one rabbit!
      • Did anyone read TFA?



        You ain't from round here, are you boy?

      • Did any read it? You might better ask: did anyone understand it? Because that doesn't seem to be necessary to get +5 insightful for you comments.

        About the interference from previous experiments within the same animal: it depends on what you want to investigate. Of course there is neural adaptation, but in most regions it is quite slow. So after one experiment you might let the animal run around under normal conditions and it'll be as ready as ever, if only for another experiment.

        Plus, when you're able to su
  • Hooray! (Score:5, Funny)

    by mikkelm (1000451) on Thursday March 29 2007, @03:53AM (#18525913)
    Finally I can get a pair of tinfoil shades to go with my hat.
  • by bwd234 (806660) on Thursday March 29 2007, @04:12AM (#18525993)
    welcome our new yellow light emitting overlords!
  • by SeaFox (739806) on Thursday March 29 2007, @04:12AM (#18525997)

    Scientists at the MIT Media Lab have invented a way to reversibly silence brain cells using pulses of yellow light

    Yet another reason CFLs are better!
  • Another ,,, (Score:5, Funny)

    by BlueTrin (683373) on Thursday March 29 2007, @04:15AM (#18526007) Homepage Journal
    Another sexist topic about blonde girls !
  • by sshore (50665) on Thursday March 29 2007, @04:25AM (#18526039)

    According to the article, the yellow light "silences" neurons that have been engineered to include the halorhodopsin gene found in certain bacteria. The light doesn't have the same effect on the neurons that you'd typically find in your skull.

    I'm not sure how this would be used clinically to treat epilepsy. Perhaps by introducing the genes into cells in the affected area using a retrovirus?

    • Perhaps by introducing the genes into cells in the affected area using a retrovirus?

      If you could do that then you could do lots of other useful things. How about engineering neurons to emit photons in the presence of an electric field and using the resulting stream of photons to model thought processes?

  • There are quicker ways to shut down the brain.

    Playing 'Russian Roulette' with a semi-automatic pistol is one idea.
  • Think of the applications! Time to get a pair of them tin foil glasses to accompany the hat.
  • nothing was seen here, move along..
  • All your neuron are belong to us!

  • So to disable the frikkin sharks with lasers, we just have to reverse the polarity of the flux capacitors?!
  • Great! (Score:4, Insightful)

    by John Betonschaar (178617) on Thursday March 29 2007, @06:09AM (#18526431)
    Now all we need is a different type of light to activate some people's brains!
  • by SethHoyt (1024709) on Thursday March 29 2007, @06:27AM (#18526487)
    Could this explain why when a traffic light turns yellow, nobody seems to notice it?
    • If god wanted us to obey traffic lights, he would have written about it in the bible.

      The traffic lights are not my gods!

  • by TomatoMan (93630) on Thursday March 29 2007, @06:35AM (#18526523) Homepage Journal
    TV has been shutting all of our brains down for decades.
  • This is no news to me. The same thing happens when the light at the office hits my eyes every morning. Almost 0 brain activity.
  • John Carpenter [dailyscript.com] already demonstrated how to shut down brains with light. You just need a shaky grasp of metaphysics, and a very big bomb...
  • I thought Kirk shut down this machine already.
  • by Doc Ruby (173196) on Thursday March 29 2007, @07:53AM (#18526957) Homepage Journal

    When neurons are engineered to express the halorhodopsin gene, the researchers can inhibit their activity by shining yellow light on them.


    So not only would doctors have to get light inside the brain, they'd first have to genetically engineer the neurons to include and express the halorhodopsin gene. The right neurons: the ones that will later have Parkinson's Disease or whatever is being treated.

    How are they going to guess which neurons? Which healthy person is going to let them genetically engineer their neurons? Those neurons are going to behave the same, though they're now expressing proteins that make them work like retinal cells?

    Installing these shutdown hooks is a neat trick. But not for neurological medicine. Maybe for some biomechanics or biocomputation. Throwing genes into neurons for probing with light so violates our most absolutely personal spaces - inside our craniums and our genomes - that the cure is worse than the disease.
  • by Frank T. Lofaro Jr. (142215) on Thursday March 29 2007, @10:58AM (#18529325) Homepage
    Yellow light shuts down brain activity in the drivers here in Nevada quite well.

    Makes them forget that a yellow light means "go slow", not "go really really really fast".
      • Not to mention the fact that most people don't have holes in their head through which sunlight could enter. Although in the case of the OP, I'm not so sure.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        As far as it is possible to make any kind of statement about this, sunlight is white.