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Tiny Particle With No Charge Discovered

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Wed Dec 06, 2006 05:36 PM
from the met-with-a-neutral-response dept.
ZonkerWilliam writes to mention PhysOrg is reporting that a tiny particle with no charge called an 'axion' has been discovered. From the article: "The finding caps nearly three decades of research both by Piyare Jain, Ph.D., [University of Buffalo] professor emeritus in the Department of Physics and lead investigator on the research, who works independently — an anomaly in the field — and by large groups of well-funded physicists who have, for three decades, unsuccessfully sought the recreation and detection of axions in the laboratory, using high-energy particle accelerators."
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  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:39PM (#17138062)
    "No charge."
  • by creimer (824291) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:39PM (#17138074) Homepage
    Even in the field of particle physics, there had to be a slacker somewhere.
  • and it means... (Score:4, Informative)

    by MagnusE (1019984) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:40PM (#17138084) Homepage
    axion () means worthy in greek. ;)
  • by brxndxn (461473) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:40PM (#17138096)
    Hire them to find Bin Laden!!

    • by Cyberax (705495) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:09PM (#17138524)
      Well, physicists can do this, but this would involve smashing Earth to pieces and looking at its debris.

      BTW, and they would need about $10000000000000000000 funding for LEC (Large Earth Collider).
      • by fimbulvetr (598306) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:12PM (#17138554)
        Well, physicists can do this, but this would involve smashing Earth to pieces and looking at its debris.

        BTW, and they would need about $10000000000000000000 funding for LEC (Large Earth Collider).


        About the same requirements as the US military then, eh?
      • Funding (Score:5, Funny)

        by OldManAndTheC++ (723450) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @07:33PM (#17139690)

        Dear Sir,

        Your proposal intrigues us. If you can flesh it out with further details, we are certain that a mutually satisfactory agreement can be reached. Eagerly awaiting your reply.

        Sincerely Yours,

        Galactus, LEXX, and Prostetnic Vogon Jeltz

  • Detected... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by PresidentEnder (849024) <wyvernenderNO@SPAMgmail.com> on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:43PM (#17138136) Journal
    how, exactly? I understand that the usual electronic detector won't work, so they use an electronic detector of some sort (this from the article), but how does that, um, happen? Anyone with more knowledge care to elaborate?
    • Re:Detected... (Score:5, Informative)

      by P3NIS_CLEAVER (860022) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:49PM (#17138238) Journal
      FTFA-

      "They didn't know how to handle the detector for short-lived particles," Jain said. "I knew that for this very short-lived particle -- 10-13 seconds -- the detector must be placed very near the interaction point where the collision between the projectile beam and the target takes place so that the produced particle doesn't run away too far; if it does, it will decay quickly and it will be completely missed. That is what happened in most of the unsuccessful experiments." Instead, Jain used a visual detector, made of three-dimensional photographic emulsions, which act as both target and detector and that therefore can detect very short-lived particles, such as the axion. However, use of such a detector is so specialized that to be successful, it requires intensive training and experience. In the 1950s, Jain was trained to use this type of detector by its developer, the Nobel laureate, British physicist Cecil F. Powell. Jain has used it throughout his career to successfully detect other exotic
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Well in TFA they described a three dimensional photographic emulsion, used not only as a target but as a detector as well.

      Think of it like those high speed film clips of a bullet going through a block of ballistics gel. The particle hits the emulsion and leaves a detectable wake.
      • Re:Detected... (Score:4, Insightful)

        by Aglassis (10161) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:55PM (#17138336)
        Think of it like those high speed film clips of a bullet going through a block of ballistics gel. The particle hits the emulsion and leaves a detectable wake.

        This is a bad description. The wake of a bullet going through ballistics gel is due to the electromagnetic force. The axion, in contrast does not experience that force. Like the neutron, it must be discovered indirectly (though it is more difficult to discover than a neutron). A useful part of the article:
        After they are produced, axions rapidly decay into two electron pairs, the electron and the positron, he explained.
        So basically, they discovered it by observing the electrically interacting positron and electron pair produced very close to the production with a specialized type of photographic film.
          • Re:Detected... (Score:5, Informative)

            by Aglassis (10161) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:37PM (#17138912)

            "The wake of a bullet going through ballistics gel is due to the electromagnetic force."
             
            And the Universe is powered by stupidity. The wake of a bullet going through ballistics gel is caused by the shockwave of the bullet's impact with the surface of the gel; a bullet is not a charged particle, nor magnetic, and it's way to big to create the ionization effects that traditional particle detectors use. I don't know how it is possible that, not only could say that a bullet causes a wake due to electromagnetic force, but that a mod actually believed that bullshit.
            Thank you for your comment. I am happy you are interested in physics. There are 4 forces: electromagnetism, gravity, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. Please feel free to tell me which forces you believe allow the shockwave of a bullet to develop. Be as technical as you wish (I have extensive experience in advanced physics). I will give you a hint though: particles that have a net neutral charge can still interact electromagnetically whenever the distances between the interacting charges isn't assumed to be infinite (think dipoles).

            I hope this is a good learning experience for you and I hope that you don't recklessly call other posters stupid next time.

              • Re:Detected... (Score:4, Insightful)

                by Aglassis (10161) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @07:28PM (#17139634)
                Wow, you must be fun at parties calling everyone stupid for disagreeing with you. My mention of the electromagnetic force is critical in this discussion because there is no evidence that the axion is composed of charged particles that when superimposed produce a zero net charge. If it had then those particles it could be detected electromagnetically (i.e. even the neutral neutron will bounce off of certain particles due to electromagnetic interactions--though I should note that strong nuclear interactions are also significant for a neutron). And without the electromagnetic force there will not be a wake through a ballistics jell which is the original issue that I pointed out.

                I don't really care that it bothers you that I have simplified this to the simplest case (but as Einstein would suggest "no simpler"). Sure you can describe the perturbation of a ballistics jell with forces that are composed of special cases of the electromagnetic force but the fundamental point is that without the ability to interact electromagnetically at the lowest level all of those forces result to zero.

                If an axion has a zero fundamental charge you can talk about impulses all night long but they still do not mean a damn thing. When you discuss subatomic particles you cannot use the special cases of the forces that we have come to love (because they make our lives simple). Spring constants have no meaning. Pressure has no meaning. Even things like angular momentum take on bizzare new forms that cannot use the classical theories.
            • Re:Detected... (Score:5, Insightful)

              by phyruxus (72649) <jumpandlink&yahoo,com> on Wednesday December 06 2006, @07:19PM (#17139528) Homepage Journal
              Saying that the wake is due to electromagnetic force is like saying that car-crash whiplash is due to seatbelts or bumpers.

              The wake is due to the transfer of kinetic energy from the bullet (okay, the bullet as measured from the frame of the gel) to the gel (in it's frame). Electromagnetics is just the medium of this transfer.

              A bullet sitting motionless in gel creates no wake... but the electromagnetic force is still there.

              Clearly, the wake is not "due" to the electromagnetic force, it is a "product" of said force (and the kinetic energy of the speeding bullet).

              I applaud your mischievous wordplay, and I await the potential wrath of your advanced physics knowledge.
              • Re:Detected... (Score:4, Informative)

                by Aglassis (10161) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @07:57PM (#17139930)
                I wasn't trying to be mischievous. Really!

                The point that I was trying to make is that a zero charge particle doesn't interact electromagnetically so we can't use conceptual examples that involve the electromagnetic force regardless of how trivial to describe it. There do exist many particles that do interact electromagnetically and you could say they travel through a medium (such as a bubble chamber [wikipedia.org]) like a bullet through a ballistics jel. Heck, I've even seen the extreme examples of this where I was able to observe Cherenkov radiation [wikipedia.org] from a nuclear reactor's fuel elements (where a charged particle moves faster than the speed of light in that medium producing a really pretty blue light).

                But the axion itself does not interact electromagnetically so by itself it does not produce a wake. The electron and positron produced will certainly produce wakes, but that point needs to be pointed out explicitly. The axion is not detected directly from electromagnetic interactions, only its decay products are (which are released symmetrically around the axis of the axion).
  • This is a big deal (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:44PM (#17138154)
    From the last time I heard the axion was supposed to take a particle collider the size of the solar system. This is certainly curious. Additionally, the axion theory is a competitor to the string theory. If the results are true both the standard model and the string theory are going to be thrown into disarray.
    • by AuMatar (183847) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:55PM (#17138326)
      String theory will merely add a 29th dimnension where axions can exist to make the math work.
        • Uhm, no. The Big Bang is a theory, but people don't go around trying to create mini universes. Sure you could argue that they "test" it with observational data, but that's not really performing experiments either now is it?

          And as a Mathematician, why are you limiting the concept of a "theory" to the land of science? You scientists are constantly being bound by the restrictions of the physical world around you!

          Isn't it one of the basic rules of grammar that if you are asking a question, you use a questio

          • by AuMatar (183847) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @07:22PM (#17139568)
            Testable doesn't mean you can recreate it- it means it makes some predictions about how the world is now that can be tested. Big bang predicts levels of background radiation and other things that can be tested for.

            String theory doesn't predict anything. Its not testable. Its not science. Its caused some interesting advances in math to solve certain aspects of it, but thats about it.
    • by spiro_killglance (121572) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:17PM (#17138606) Homepage
      Not sure which particle your were thinking of but the axion was supposed to be really light, in the eV range, its the gravitino
      that is in the plancks (need a atom smasher as big as the solar system) mass range. String theory does have axions in it as well
      as stacks of light neutral particles called moduli. The article didn't say how they knew or why they thought that particle was an
      axion. The experiment found at light neutral particle with mass ~19 Mev (or maybe 7 Mev) that decays to electron positron pairs, they didn't say the had a spin measurement, if its not spin 0 with negative parity its definitely not an axion. Another experiment (PVLAS) last year found evidence a particle with mass in the milliEv range, that fits more with an axion. So maybe this is something
      else.
        • by mako1138 (837520) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @11:18PM (#17141560)
          Particle physicists measure mass in units of electronvolts/c^2, which is written without the c^2 for convenience. The electron is about 0.5 MeV, and the proton/neutron are about 1 GeV. So this experiment supposedly found axions with mass ~10 MeV, whereas theory says they should be on the order of eV -- big discrepancy.
  • Wiki (Score:5, Informative)

    by hamster3null (819118) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:48PM (#17138218)
  • by necro2607 (771790) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:52PM (#17138274)
    That's crazy. How do they know it's called an axion? ... ;)
  • by Chirs (87576) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @05:53PM (#17138300)

    I think it's kind of a neat ironic twist that he needed to use an analog detection mechanism to position the detector close enough to the target to detect the particle.
  • by Z1NG (953122) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:02PM (#17138434)
    Are they positive?
  • by CrazyJim1 (809850) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:16PM (#17138598) Journal
    We must defeat the Axion of evil.
  • true? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by bcrowell (177657) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:28PM (#17138794) Homepage

    This would be very important, if true. However, there's at least one thing that makes me wonder whether it's right:

    Jain has used it throughout his career to successfully detect other exotic phenomena, such as the charm particle, the anomalon, the quark-gluon plasma and the nuclear collective flow.

    I used to do low-energy nuclear physics research, and although this stuff is at higher energies, a lot of it sets off my B.S. detector. The information I've been able to find about the anomalon makes it sound like it's flaky. The statement in the article also makes it sound as if Jain discovered the other things on the list, but actually I think what it really means is that he participated in experiments, where his contribution was that he did the emulsion technique. From what I know about the continuing work on the quark-gluon plasma, it's not a specific, definite, yes/no thing that can really be considered to have been discovered, and I don't think emulsions have been particularly important in that work, either.

    It's unfortunate that the paper isn't available on arxiv.org. However, IOP will let you read it if you set up an account. Well, I'm not a specialist in relativistic heavy ion physics, or emulsion techniques, but the paper doesn't look very convincing to me at all. In figure 4, they claim to see two peaks, one near 7 MeV, and one near 19 MeV. The statistics simply don't look convincing. All I see is a spectrum with some noise in it, where they've picked what look like two big statistical fluctuations and called them peaks. They claim it's significant at the 3-sigma level, which actually isn't a very high level of statistical confidence, especially for such an extraordinary claim.

    • Re:true? (Score:5, Funny)

      by rentedflowers (640237) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:43PM (#17139014)
      You're missing the really groundbreaking development here, though.

      This is a /. article, claiming a scientific discovery, that is traceable to a peer-reviewed journal article. A well-respected journal, no less. This is truly a first.
    • Re:true? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by mcelrath (8027) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @07:59PM (#17139952) Homepage

      This can't possibly be the axion. If it were a particle it must show up as a narrow peak in Fig.2(a) due to the claimed lifetime in Fig.1(a). The width of a particle in the Q graph is 1/lifetime, and the claimed lifetime is so large that it's width must be tiny -- literally a line on the graph (smeared by detector resolution). But instead Fig.2(a) is totally smeared out. This must be some off-shell phenomena or fakes. It is not a particle.

      Also, the standard for claiming discovery of a new particle is 5 standard deviations. The reason for this is because we often see fluctuations below this that go away with more data. The small peaks he does claim after massaging his data are only three standard deviations.

      So, the claim that it's a particle is dubious. The claim of a discovery is absolutely wrong. This does not meet the criteria for a particle discovery in particle physics.

  • Three Decades!!! (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Nom du Keyboard (633989) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:53PM (#17139140)
    3 decades.

    30 years.

    10,957 days.

    262,968 hours.

    15,778,080 minutes.

    946,684,800 seconds of your life.

    All to find a virtually infinitesimally particle with no charge at all.

    That, and mention on Slashdot: Priceless!!

  • by thewiz (24994) * on Wednesday December 06 2006, @08:13PM (#17140078)
    but this story left me feeling kind of neutral about the whole thing.
  • by Dr. Di-boson (1036622) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @09:08PM (#17140574)
    This story is completely incorrect. The paper of Jain and Singh, available at http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0954-3899/34/1/009 [iop.org] does not claim that the axion has been found. They simply report the observation of a couple of narrow resonances which can be interpreted as a signature of new particles. The scientific interpretation of these resonances is unclear at this point. In fact, astrophysical bounds completely rule out that one of these resonances is the so-called axion. I work in this field, so I know. I have no idea how the press is getting the idea that this means the axion has been found. It is *not* based on scientific facts.
    • Presumably then, they can only detect them at the very end of the 10^50 seconds.
    • Re:Long Lived Axions (Score:4, Informative)

      by jpflip (670957) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @06:09PM (#17138532)
      It turns out that the axion can have a wide range of properties, depending on its mass and its coupling to ordinary matter. There are regions of parameter space in which the axion is heavy enough and strongly-coupled enough to decay rapidly. Professor Jain is claiming to have detected such a short-lived version of the axion (or, at least, some sort of short-lived neutral particle).

      Most models for axions are much lighter and have much weaker interactions, giving them much longer lifespans. That's what's being described in the article you cite. An axion with those properties would be an ideal candidate for dark matter - tons of them would fill the universe, and they'd be nearly undetectable due to their weak interactions.

      Most searches for axions focus on the longer-lived possibilities for this reason, so far with no success. I'm intrigued if this claim is true, but I'll wait to see what other physicists think.
    • Uhhhh, they've already discovered a non-charged subatomic particle...the neutron.


      No, neutrons have a neutral charge -- that is, that their net charge is neither positive (+) nor negative (-). But they have a charge. Protons have a net positive charge, electrons have a net negative charge and axions have absolutely no charge at all.

    • by bcrowell (177657) on Wednesday December 06 2006, @08:16PM (#17140096) Homepage

      That an independent researcher would headline something like this, rather than some "well-funded" group. How could you ever write a grant to research something that is free of charge?

      Hee hee...

      ...but seriously, one of the things that smells really fishy about this is that there are only two authors on the paper. Relativistic heavy-ion physics is a field that normally involves huge collaborations. You get maybe 50 or 100 authors on every paper. There's just no possible way, politically, that these two American guys could submit a proposal to CERN, do an experiment, publish results showing physics beyond the standard model, and not have any other names on the paper. If physicists at CERN believed the result, you'd better believe that some of their names would be on it.