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Raining Extraterrestrial Microbes in Kerala?

Posted by Zonk on Sat Jan 07, 2006 02:10 AM
from the edge-of-science dept.
jdfox writes "World Science is reporting on a controversial paper to be published shortly in the peer-reviewed research journal Astrophysics and Space Science, describing a strange red rain that fell in India in 2001, shortly after a meteor airburst event in the area. The authors posit that the red particles found in the raindrops may be extraterrestrial microbes. The authors' last two papers on the subject were unpublished: this published paper is more cautious. The paper can be viewed online, and should obviously be considered in context. More info on the 'panspermia' hypothesis can be found at Wikipedia."
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[+] Alien Rain Over India 241 comments
tintinaujapon writes "The Observer is reporting that scientists may have found the first evidence of panspermia, the idea promoted by Hoyle (among others) that life on earth was seeded from space, in samples of a strange rain which fell over India for two months in 2001. To quote the article: "There is a small bottle containing a red fluid on a shelf in Sheffield University's microbiology laboratory. The liquid looks cloudy and uninteresting. Yet, if one group of scientists is correct, the phial contains the first samples of extraterrestrial life isolated by researchers."" This is a continuation of a story two months back or so.
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  • by Unknown Poltroon (31628) * <unknown_poltroon1sp@myahoo.com> on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:15AM (#14415561)
    Just what we needed.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:17AM (#14415564)
    Spreading his Glorious seed.

    Case closed! Who wants lunch?
  • Pern? (Score:4, Funny)

    by IdolizingStewie (878683) on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:17AM (#14415567)
    At least it's not Thread.
  • it's raining spacemen, Alleluia it's raining spacemen! Ramen!
  • First ... (Score:2, Funny)

    by Anonymous Coward
    Contact!
  • Venus (Score:5, Funny)

    by TheBlairMan (929930) on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:20AM (#14415578)
    It was just Venus' time of the month, and it made it's way through space to reach us here.
  • Red particles... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by mhore (582354) on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:24AM (#14415584)
    I skimmed over his paper briefly... looking at the images of the red cells and all of that. I noticed that in a few pictures, the cells resemble red blood cells. Perhaps the meteor smashed into a flock of birds? Hah.

    Mike.
    • "Perhaps the meteor smashed into a flock of birds?"

      Didn't this happen back in the 80's?

      Oh wait, that was a flock of seagulls.

      (OK, I'm sorry already, jeez)
      • Hehe, that was funny.

        But I wonder: you often see cloud formation when a sonic boom is about to occur. Could it be that there was something in the air already that rained down from these clouds? Something that didn't come from the alleged meteor?
    • Re:Red particles... (Score:5, Informative)

      by onco_p53 (231322) on Saturday January 07 2006, @03:08AM (#14415700) Homepage Journal
      Interesting idea, but when you prepare SEM samples, they often shrivel up a bit.

      They are about the right size though, these particles range in size from 4 to 10 m. And human RBCs [wikipedia.org] are about 6-8 m. It would explain the lack of a nucleus and DNA too.

      But the TEM images are all wrong (thick "cell wall"), and the low Iron and high silicon content makes it very suspect too.

      Spock's blood?

      But seriously I hope they send some of these things over to other labs for investigation (like mine!) I would start with universal primers, PCR can amplify the tiniest amount of DNA, all they did was dunk the `cells' in Edithium bromide.
      • But seriously I hope they send some of these things over to other labs for investigation (like mine!) I would start with universal primers, PCR can amplify the tiniest amount of DNA, all they did was dunk the `cells' in Edithium bromide.

        In the interst of science they took the remaining samples and finally subjected them to a 4 million degree inferno created in a supercollider, just to see what would happen.
      • I would start with universal primers, PCR can amplify the tiniest amount of DNA, all they did was dunk the `cells' in Edithium bromide.

        I call shenanigans on their methodology. All they did was manually grind up the cells - once with a mortar and pestel, once with the same under liquid nitrogen. That **does not** ensure any breakage of many kinds of protist cells.

        We do this kind of stuff in my lab. We frequently have to use a French Press with monstrously high pressures to get many single-celled euk

    • The article claims that about 50.000kg fell down. Now that is a heck of a turkey even by US standards. (How 50.000kg becomes 55tons is anyones guess)

      Anyway you would expect other things, like hail of McNuggets in a meteroid vs bird incident.

      It is a weird incident in anycase. If it is a life form then the fact that so much of it fell down could this mean the entire meteroid was made of it?

      The previous theories suggested that small microbes might hide among the rocky part of the asteroid. Not the entire as

      • (How 50.000kg becomes 55tons is anyones guess)


        50.000kg is, logically, 50 metric tons, but it's also 55 short tons (US measurement system) or 49.21 long tons (UK system).

        (How any educated writer could use anything but the metric system in a science-related article is anyone's guess) ;)

        Cheers,
          • I just made a copy/paste from an online converter ;)

            Though, to correct your american ignorance, the thousands-separator varie between countries, as does the rest of the punctuation. In the USA you guys use commas, in the UK it's periods, in France just a space and in Switzerland it's " ' ", and that's just the ones I know.

            Thus, one million dollars and fifty cents would be spelled:

            In the USA: $1,000,000.50
            In the UK: $1.000.000,50
            In France: $1 000 000,50
            In Switzerland: $1'000'000.50

            Yup, it sometimes makes it
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:24AM (#14415586)
    Seems this theory has gained some flack from the Intelligent Design community.

    http://www.ideacenter.org/contentmgr/showdetails.p hp/id/849 [ideacenter.org]
    • by quokkapox (847798) <quokkapox@gmail.com> on Saturday January 07 2006, @03:38AM (#14415774)
      The text at the link [ideacenter.org] provided asserts that When it comes to religious questions, the IDEA Center's staff and founders believe that compelling evidence shows that the universe was as a whole designed by a "superintellect" that was not natural.

      They aren't interested in understanding nature. They're just trying to redefine science.

      There are a thousand ways to collaborate scientifically using the Internet. Intelligent Design propenents need to immediately begin describing their ideas more concisely and subjecting them to peer review and public criticism. Without these, their wild speculation will remain subject to extreme ridicule among the educated and their movement will continue to be shunned and exposed as a political and anti-intellectual project, standing for everything science is not.

      The continued silence from ID is not an encouraging sign for their "theory". But there is no shortage of new research that tests, supports, and expands upon the existing evolutionary framework. Evolutionary biology is the only theory which is making real progress with understanding nature.

  • welcome our new red extraterrestrial microbe overlords!

    Ah well ......
  • "The present study of red rain phenomenon in Kerala shows that the particles, which caused the red colouration of the red rain, are not possibly terrestrial in origin. It appears that these particles may have originated from the atmospheric disintegration of cometary meteor fragmants, which are presumably containing dense collections of red rain particles. These particles have much similarity with biological cells though they are devoid of DNA. Are these cell particles a kind of alternate life from space?

    • There's a teeny wittle woblem with panspermia. Remember the Shoemaker comet, the one that crashed into Jupiter ? Remember the resulting explosions that were visible from Earth ? If Shoemaker was carrying microbes, those microbes were in the middle of the explosion. See the problem ?

  • by ookabooka (731013) on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:29AM (#14415597)
    I strongly suggest looking through this article (Yes, I know this is Slashdot, how could I suggest such a thing) as I found the summary made me extremely skeptical. If the information is not falsified, I would say it is certainly worth investigating, even with a hefty grain of salt. . . or would that be grains? . . .anyway I digress. I found the electron microscope pictures quite intriguing, it certainly "looked" like a cell, though I understand this sort of observation is hardly irrefutable. I did not see any evidence of the particles replicating which would suggest life (they could replicate and still not be considered "life" ofcourse). I believe a good analog would be the potential bacteria found in a Martian meteor. [nasa.gov]
  • Nonsense (Score:5, Funny)

    by quantaman (517394) on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:29AM (#14415599)
    This human researcher is clearly incorrect.

    The red particles that landed in sector omega-3 were obviously not a virus know as MindGobblers designed to manipulate the portions of your puny brains involved with sensory reception effectivly allow us to transform you into a slave race.

    I suggest you fellow humans all make bad jokes about human researcher and realize his findings are not true.
  • From the paper: "Under low magnification the particles look like smooth, red coloured glass beads. Under high magnifications (1000x) their differences in size and shape can be seen,"

    These are iron oxide chrondules from the vaporisation of a nickel-iron meteorite. There's no need to invoke aliens or intelligent designers.
    • by Anonymous Coward
      Not flaming you or anything (I skimmed the paper myself, and the quality of it is shoddy at best - just check out the references), but Google isn't turning up anything on "chrondules" - enlighten us? The paper jumps to outrageous conclusions, and makes the claim that they are "cell-like" with fine membranes but doesn't bother analyze membrane composition!
    • by barakn (641218) on Saturday January 07 2006, @03:10AM (#14415702)
      Iron oxide chondrules with carbon as the main ingredient? I don't think so... did you see the elemental analyses?
      • by Anonymous Coward
        You'd think carbon was rare or otherwise exceptional in meteorites. It isn't. It is abundant in carbonaceous chrondites. Some of them practically look like charcoal. But you're right, the analysis shows these things aren't mainly iron.

        I don't see anything clearly biological here, and even if there was, the connection to something extraterrestrial rather than terrestrial is tenuous. Don't get me wrong -- it's interesting, but A) there's already a long history of such hunts in ordinary meteorites, and B)
    • At this point, there is no particular reason to have a bias in favor of life evolving on this planet, in space, or on some other planet. Stubbornly clinging to the notion that life on earth must have evolved on earth is unscientific, as is equating panspermia with "aliens" or "intelligent designers".
      • The fact that life is on earth, and nowhere else we can see so far, seems like a reasonable reason to favour earth as our working assumption for the origin of earthly life.

        Sure there are other possibilities, but in the absence of evidence of life, let alone origins of life in other locations, those ideas must remain speculation at best.
    • If you read the second paper, you'll see the cells are clearly alive. The only question is whether they came from space.
  • Common occurance (Score:5, Informative)

    by Belseth (835595) on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:33AM (#14415607)
    I've read about quite a few of these colored rain falls and most of them have an obvious terrestrial source. They usually are volcanic or caused by birds or insects. It's one thing for trace amounts of organic matter to survive reentry but large amounts are highly unlikely. Organic material would mostly be incinerated. A comet fragment would have a better chance with the ice protecting the organic matter. I doubt the paper will survive peer review.
      • Re:Common occurance (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Angry Toad (314562) on Saturday January 07 2006, @07:11AM (#14416210)
        I've said this in other posts on this thread, but it bears repeating. Their methods are not kosher at all, and if anyone with any background in biological sciences, in particular with a background in the study of microorganisms, had been involved in the review process this paper would never have seen the light of day.

          The authors clearly have no understanding of biology beyone "it has DNA in it and is carbon-based". Their methods, in particular their "study" of the DNA content, are laughably off-base and reveal a total lack of understanding of how to handle microorganisms which have a thick cell wall.

            Trivial test - stain them for bloody cellulose! This is such an obvious damn thing to do that the only excuse for not doing it is (a) they don't know enough to try, or (b) they did and didn't like the results so they didn't mention them, which is probably more likely.

            This is a stupid paper.
        • by Morgaine (4316) on Saturday January 07 2006, @08:41AM (#14416389)
          >> This is a stupid paper.

          Not at all. Their research examines quite a large range of characteristics of the particles and of the rainfall, and even presents some controls. It's not as tight as some nor, as sloppy as others, but falls well within the mean of the scientific method.

          The fact that one particular type of test was not performed by them does not make this a stupid paper --- it just leaves that analysis for some other team to perform. Indeed, they seem to have covered a collosal amount of ground for a single research group already.

          Their Discussion section is not part of their scientific findings, but merely provides room for discussion. Non-DNA-based "life" from outer space is a *possible* handwaving interpretation at best, but since no other interpretation matches both the microscopic visual structure and the chemical composition and the rain-distribution pattern simultaneously, it's the best we have at this stage.

          >> Trivial test - stain them for bloody cellulose!

          Go right ahead and do it yourself, or communicate with them about it. But who said that ET life would employ cellulose anyway? That notwithstanding, it would be a useful test to perform anyway, as it would help discount other possibilities.

          Their earlier non-peer-reviewed papers might have been worth your label of "stupid" (meaning non-scientific) in part, but this one is quite factual in all its research sections.
  • by phorm (591458) on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:45AM (#14415644) Homepage Journal
    Look for the woman infected with an alien micro-organism that gives her the powerful urge to mate quickly in order to produce her world-dominating alien-human crossbid progeny. Of course, she'll probably kill you afterwards, but it's all the change some of you will get before you die anyhow!
  • by Anonymous Coward
    Now even the aliens are sending microbe jobs to India! Where does it end? Not at the atmosphere, apparently. Somewhere in space, some alien GE executive overlord has gotten his or her bonus for the year. Oh well, the quality will suck, quality assurance will suck, they'll miss their deadline for taking over the planet, and the project will fail.

    I guess we're safe.
  • by titzandkunt (623280) on Saturday January 07 2006, @02:59AM (#14415680)

    I was going to post a longer comment, but two Marine officers have arrived at my house in an unmarked car. All they said was:

    "Dr Titzandkunt? There's been a fire."

    Gotta go!

    T&K.

    ...a clue for the clueless:clicky clicky [imdb.com]
  • by S3D (745318) on Saturday January 07 2006, @03:14AM (#14415711)
    The /. editorial doesn't mention elemental composition of the particles. From TFA:
    45.4% quartz (!) 49.5% carbonate calcium
    Doesn't look like life or organic at all. Another case of wishful thinking.
  • My $.02 (Score:3, Insightful)

    by barakn (641218) on Saturday January 07 2006, @03:21AM (#14415730)
    The elemental analyses provided in the paper suggest a composition of of mostly carbohydrate with a smattering of something like a hydrocarbon. My guess is that they're some sort of pollen that had their DNA destroyed by ultraviolet light high in the atmosphere and then absorbed water and swelled. Nothing that couldn't have come from our own planet.
  • by liangzai (837960) on Saturday January 07 2006, @03:34AM (#14415763) Homepage
    This could be the ultimate proof the ID camp has been looking for... God jerking off, spreading his seed, instilling life into the lifeless soil. The Beloved Gardener in the Heavenly Paradise Cometh unto us.
  • by barakn (641218) on Saturday January 07 2006, @03:46AM (#14415793)
    The prevalence of the red rain along the southwest coast of India is explained in the paper as being the trail of a meteor that happened to follow the coast. I explain it with this June- Sept precipitation map [ernet.in], which shows the coast receiving 150 cm of rain while areas immediately to the east get 30 cm. Red rain fell in areas where rain is likely to fall. No need to invoke a meteor for which there is little evidence.
  • bad paper (Score:3, Interesting)

    by penguin-collective (932038) on Saturday January 07 2006, @03:52AM (#14415813)
    If this were related to panspermia, one would expect to find DNA or RNA and they didn't. But their experiments were pretty poor to begin with: it's easy to test for lipids, proteins, sugars, amino acids as well and they didn't.
  • by bremstrong (523910) on Saturday January 07 2006, @04:03AM (#14415831)
    This illustrates a problem with the way science is presently conducted.

    Apparently, two years ago a scientist in India wrote a paper about a long series of tests he conducted on a potential non-dna based life form that can reproduce at 300C and may have arrived on a comet.

    Of course it sounds unlikely, but if he's right, it is the scientific find of the century.

    And, he has samples of the purported organism.

    If scientists were really seeking uncover truth, they'd have repeated his work at five different labs and see if it held up.

    Instead, they're all to scared of looking silly to their peers, and they barely even let the Indian researcher publish his findings!

    Does anyone else see this as a problem?
  • I went to the link, and got this:
    Sadly, your client "" violates the automated access guidelines posted at , and is consequently excluded.

    wtf??
    You are using an obsolete and buggy version of the browser that has caused many problems here. You should simply upgrade to a more recent version of the browser -- 4.01, 4.02, ... have been available for quite a while.

    No... I'm using Firefox 1.06. I know 1.07 is available, but seriously!

    Sadly, your client does not supply a proper User-Agent, and is consequently excluded.

    Sadly your webmaster is a moron.

    We have an inordinate number of problems with automated scripts which do not supply a User-Agent, and violate the automated access guidelines posted at -- hence we now exclude them all.

    Right, you've never heard of robots.txt. And according to logs generated on my webserver, my User-Agent is: "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; en-US; rv:1.7.10) Gecko/20050912 Firefox/1.0.6 (Debian package 1.0.6-5)"

    (In rare cases, we have found that accesses through proxy servers strip the User-Agent information. If this is the case, you need to contact the administrator of your proxy server to get it fixed.)
    I think it's your administrator that needs contacting.
  • by Jugalator (259273) on Saturday January 07 2006, @08:33AM (#14416361) Journal
    Raining Extraterrestrial Microbes in Kerala?

    Meanwhile, Occam turned in his grave.
  • by hde226868 (906048) on Saturday January 07 2006, @09:41AM (#14416597) Homepage
    Although Astrophysics and Space Science is peer reviewed, you should be aware that this journal is not held in very high esteem by the astronomy and astrophysics community (contrary to, e.g., the Astrophysical Journal, Astronomy and Astrophysics, or the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society). If you don't believe me, take a look at the impact factor of the journal [genebee.msu.su], which is 0.2, while it is greater than 4 for the renowed astronomical journals (the 2.1 for Astronomy and Astrophysics in the list cited is wrong [astro.su.se], but the remaining impact factors for astronomical journals more or less scale with the journal's image in the community).

    To understand how this article could be published, you should be aware that for all scientific journals the editor has the last responsibility for accepting a paper, not the peer reviewers. In the case of Astrophysics and Space Science, the editorial board [springer.com] contains N.C. Wickramasinghe, who is one of the inventors of the panspermia theory. So, even although peer reviews might have been dodgy, it could have been an editorial decision to accept this paper.

    I happen to know that Astrophysics and Space Science operates this way, as a manuscript I co-reviewed with a PhD student of mine several years ago appeared in the journal without taking any of our recommendations into account. This has not happened to me with any of the 30odd manuscripts I have refereed since and is even more astonishing since the journal decided to print the original manuscript, without even addressing the large number of grammatical mistakes and spelling errors pointed out by us (which were so bad that we, as referees, could not understand what the authors were trying to say). I have declined to referee for Astrophysics and Space Science since and consider the journal a "scientific tabloid" as opposed to a "scientific broadsheet". And you wouldn't believe the "Sun" and the "News of the World" either, right?

    So, to conclude, "peer refereed" does not always mean what you might think it does, and although I am not a microbiology specialist, as long as a report on the "red rain" is not accepted by a mainstream journal, would doubt any claims made in the article.

  • by Larthallor (623891) on Saturday January 07 2006, @12:44PM (#14417285)
    So many conclusions, so much jumping, so little logic.

    • First and foremost, this is most likely not a life form. Such a finding would be the greatest discovery in fundamental biology since pinning down the function and structure of DNA. The announcement of such discoveries by frauds and the mistaken are much more common than the actual thing. However, it is possible that these are extraterrestrial spores. If the second unpublished paper describing reproduction [arxiv.org] is accurate (a big "if"), then they most likely are extremeophiles and are possibly extraterrestrial in origin.
    • DNA is not a requirement for life, as many commenters here have written. DNA (and/or RNA) is at the core of all life on Earth because all present life forms appear to have a common ancestor that used these molecules for it's genetics. The fundamental mechanism used to replicate oneself is the most likely of traits to be highly conserved in evolutionary biology and this is exactly what we are seeing. However, this does not imply that DNA (or RNA) is the only such mechanism possible, especially when the environment that fostered the transition from inorganic to organic is in a different temperature/pressure regime (300 degrees C!). Just as DNA would be useless as a genetic mechanism in the kinds of environments the paper's authors say they see replication in, a molecule that is useful in that environment would not likely be chemically functional in our relatively frigid and low pressure Earth surface environment.

      Therefore, absence of DNA is not unexpected.

    • If this does turn out to be extraterrestrial life, then the possibility that life could drift from world to world becomes a fact. This does not, however, mean that the origin of life here on Earth is due to such transport. Just because it is possible doesn't mean it has happened, let alone is responsible for the modern biosphere.

      The people that make the instant leap from the possibility of interplanetary spores surviving to the assumption that this must be how life began here have always puzzled me. After all, the life in such a scenario had to develop somewhere before traveling to Earth. Why is it so difficult to believe that the life we see today is truly indigenous?

      I think I now realize why these people are so ardent that life came from somewhere else: they continue to be mired in the historical notion that the beginning of life required some unique event to get started. In this way, they have much in common with creationists and the general public. The lesson to take from this if it is real is not that life came from space, but that life springs out of non-life with relative ease.

    • and assuming this is a life form then this doesn't prove that we are immune to it. You see, this lifeform is an EX-lifeform. It has ceased to be. It is a dead space born cell based lifeform.

      I don't know what killed it although exploding on entry might be a clue.

      Anyway anyone knows that all alien invasions start of slowly at first. They are probably biding their time infiltrating our culture and drawing key companies under their evil control. You don't think outsourcing to india is just a coincidince right

    • Since you're quoting the linked article, you may as well copy the whole paragraph evenif it hurts some feelings:

      "Kerala boasts the highest literacy rate in the country (70%), a low infant mortality rate, and is the only state in which females outnumber males. Land distribution is among the most equitable in India, at least partly due to the progressive land ownership policies instituted more than a century ago in what was then the princely state of Travancore. Further extensive land reforms in the 1960's