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Emissions of Key Greenhouse Gas Stabilize

Posted by samzenpus on Wed Nov 22, 2006 07:32 PM
from the barter-town-halts-production dept.
brian0918 writes "Multiple news sites are reporting that levels of the second most important greenhouse gas, methane, have stabilized". From Scientific American: "During the two decades of measurements, methane underwent double-digit growth as a constituent of our atmosphere, rising from 1,520 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) in 1978 to 1,767 ppbv in 1998. But the most recent measurements have revealed that methane levels are barely rising anymore — and it is unclear why." From NewScientist: "Although this is good news, it does not mean that methane levels will not rise again, and that carbon dioxide remains the 800-pound gorilla of climate change."
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  • Water Vapor? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Erioll (229536) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @07:35PM (#16959726)
    What about Water Vapor (or vapour, depending on where you live)? I've heard that's a major contributor... though the talk you hear about it is... a heated discussion at the very least (flamefests usually).
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Yes, water vapor contributes the most to the Greenhouse Effect. I have always wondered how much we affect the climate through irrigated fields and a host of other means of adding water vapor to the atmosphere. The debate happens when you consider clouds and latent heating (water vapor becoming liquid). Then it becomes less clear on what the net effect of water in all its forms has on the climate. This is an active area of study and there is still a lot to learn.
            • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

              "First of all the sun remains constant." completely wrong. the sun is NOT CONSTANT. it's ouput varies wildly with solar flares and obviously with the seasons and other solar cycles. "

              I meant that when you are considering the sun it's effects on the oceans and the irrigation areas constant.

              "AGAIN you couldn't be more wrong. evaporation has nothing to with with depth, and everything to do with SURFACE AREA, of which the ocean clearly dwarfs our irrigation."

              It has to with the temprature. Shallow waters heat up
        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          Volcanos and oceans are the major contributers to greenhouse gases. When you add up the numbers, we contribute less than half a percent. But you won't here that from the alarmist crowd.

          That's because it's complete bollocks. You have it backwards: volcanoes produce a tiny fraction of the greenhouse gases humans cause to be emitted. Feel free to try to find a source for your "facts".
      • Damn! And I just farted! Methane levels are now rising from where I sit.

        Well, I guess it was good while it lasted!
  • Arctic (Score:5, Insightful)

    by edwardpickman (965122) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @07:44PM (#16959812)
    The real 800lb gorilla for methane is the Arctic. If the predictions are right then this is the calm before the storm. If the Arctic melts, which it is, it'll release vast amounts of methane. It's likely to dwarf all other greenhouse sources. Everyone seems to be ignoring the Arctic but all the CO2 sources combined can't compare so a melting Arctic should be our primary concern. If it's the canary then the canary isn't just dead but it has been reduced to a skeleton.
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      Actually, approximately half of the floating arctic icecap melts every year, due to temperature fluctuations and ice currents. Approximately every seven years, the entire floating arctic icecap is renewed. Note that this doesn't include glacial ice in Greenland, Alaska, Scandinavia, etc.
      • Re:Arctic (Score:5, Insightful)

        by DigitalRaptor (815681) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @08:31PM (#16960244) Homepage
        Not real familiar with satellite imagery, are you?

        The ice that is there may come and go (freeze and thaw) with the seasons, but it is indisputable that there is a hell of a lot more going than there is coming back.

        Satellite imagery from the 70's to now is shocking and disappointing, even bordering on the scary (beyond scary, I think).

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          Let me guess....you just pulled that out of your ass didn't you?

          Let me reference nasa.gov:

          "While recent studies have shown that on the whole Arctic sea ice has decreased since the late 1970s, satellite records of sea ice around Antarctica reveal an overall increase in the southern hemisphere ice over the same period."

          Get your stories straight or don't post..misinformation doesn't benefit anyone
          • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

            damn, forgot to link..
            http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/20020820 southseaice.html
          • Re:Arctic (Score:5, Interesting)

            by TapeCutter (624760) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @11:06PM (#16961304) Journal
            "Get your stories straight or don't post..misinformation doesn't benefit anyone"

            Not sure what your point is here since the GP didn't mention Anatartica, Arctic ice comes from the Arctic (north), Antartic ice comes from Antartica (south). Since the mid 1950's the Arctic ice cap has lost ~60% of it's volume (although one "skeptic" belives the missing ice is hiding behind Canada somewhere).

            There has been very little change in the volume of the Antartic ice cap, however both the Antartic penninsula and Greenland have experinced a +3C rise in average tempratures compared to the +1C global average (accurately predicted by climate models I might add).
    • If the predictions are right then this is the calm before the storm. If the Arctic melts, which it is, it'll release vast amounts of methane.

      Uh, perhaps this is a naive question, but the frozen Arctic is, well, ice. Where is the carbon going to come from to make CH4? Now, there are probably some levels of CO2 trapped in ice bubbles, but speaking naively I don't see how this is a hugely significant contribution to global atmospheric carbon levels?

      Not that a thawed Arctic wouldn't suck for other reaso

      • Re:Arctic (Score:5, Informative)

        by DigitalRaptor (815681) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @08:36PM (#16960280) Homepage
        I don't know enough about which ice is over the ocean and which is over land, but much of it is over land.

        Much of that land is comprised of old peat bogs and other partially decomposed plant life.

        As it is exposed and thaws it releases huge amounts of methane. This has already been observed and written about at length [google.com].

        IIRC it's one of the greatest potential contributors to the "tipping point [google.com]".

      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        The grandparent poster was not talking about the floating ice on the Arctic Ocean. He was talking about the permafrost in places like Alaska, Canada, and Siberia.

        It is suprising that methane has stabilized. There was a paper published this summer stating that melting permafrost was releasing methane at a much higher rate than expected. This would mean that some other source of methane would have to be slowing. If this is true it is good news indeed. Methane is a far more potent greenhouse gas than
    • good point, shame about the clichés.
      • While the bulk of the arctic ice is in the ocean, Greenland and the tundras (candian, Russian, American) have huge volumes of ice. There will be issue if all of this ice melts. The greenland glaciers will raise the ocean some none trivial amount. And the tundra ice melt is more important for the sun that it reflects. If that stops, the perma-frost is defrosted AND large amounts of CO2 AND CH4 (methane) will be released.
  • by Kazymyr (190114) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @07:47PM (#16959848) Journal
    The single largest source of methane as a greenhouse gas is (flatulence from)cattle raised in the third world for food. The next sources in order are cattle raised in the western world, and human flatulence IIRC.

    Does the stabilization of methane levels mean they're now feeding beano to cattle?
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      I do hope you were joking.

      Just in case bozos out there actually believe it: The IPCC estimates that 60% of methane produced comes from our agriculture, industry, and waste. Humans are the biggest single source of methane. In North America and Europe, the largest single source of methane comes from landfills. The largest source of natural methane comes from wetlands.
    • Does the stabilization of methane levels mean they're now feeding beano to cattle?

      This would be funnier if it weren't partially true. Australian farmers have been experimenting with a "vaccine" that stimulates the immune systems of cows to kill some of the natural microbes in their digestive tracts -- the ones responsible for releasing much of the methane. Given that they're messing with cows' biology in this way, I sure hope it doesn't turn out that cow-methane isn't the problem we think it is.

    • Burping, but ruminant animals (cows, sheep etc), produces far more methane than these animals farting. Apparently the greenhouse gas output of 1 sheep is equivalent to driving 1200km.

      Lots of methane comes from anaerobic activity (rotting vegetation/sawdust, landfills, waste water processing etc). Even atural swamps and forest floor decomposition produce a lot of methane and CO2.

      Methane is far worse than CO2, thus it is preferable to burn off methane than let is escape into the atmosphere. Better still to bu

  • I'll bet global methane emissions can be shown to track the gross sales of Taco Bell.

    Hmmmm... their stock has climbed steadily since August [nasdaq.com]. Perhaps the methane readings are due to their recent switch to Canola oil [marketwatch.com].

  • by sbaker (47485) * on Wednesday November 22 2006, @07:54PM (#16959924) Homepage
    The thing is that it takes lots of years for the effect of gas ratio changes at sea level to propagate up into the upper atmosphere.

    From the vague article, these appear to be sea-level measurements - so the density of methane in the upper atmosphere (where it actually matters) will continue to grow for maybe 10 years before it starts to level off.

    We are seeing the effects of methane growth rates in the 1980's and 1990's...it'll get worse before it gets better.
  • by Kohath (38547) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @08:07PM (#16960056)
    Ok, let me get this straight.

    The methane gas was coming from an 800-pound gorilla?

    • Ok, let me get this straight.

      The methane gas was coming from an 800-pound gorilla?

      Gentlemen, I have our solution.

      We wait till wintertime rolls around... the 800lb gorillas simply freeze to death!

  • by OrangeTide (124937) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @08:20PM (#16960156) Homepage Journal
    People are drinking less cheap American beer and turning to wine and high quality ales. There is much less farting than there was 25 years ago.
    • The chief cause of beer flatulence is yeast cells. The second biggest cause is complex sugar. It is something that your bowel can adjust to over time, so people who regularly drink beer with yeast in it aren't so affected by it. Ironically, the American swill beer you mention is filtered and pasteurized, so it contains no yeast at all. And anybody who's tasted a Coors Light can also tell you that the complex sugar content is practically nonexistent. So, American megaswill should be among the LEAST likely be

  • by Toby The Economist (811138) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @08:23PM (#16960188)
    So here we are, currently doing basically bugger all about global warming, but with plenty of computer simulations and estimates about how much warming will happen in how many years, and plenty of politics going on about who should pay for it, and what about second world countries, and AFAICS it's basically a game of how long can be put off doing something about this, because it's going to cost plenty of money and we don't seem to need to be doing it just right now...

    Now, out of the blue, something *utterly* unexpected, inexplicable and major happens - the rate of methane emission levels out; and no one has a *CLUE* why.

    Well, I can hear this ticking noise...

    I sure hope we figure out interplanetry colonization soon.

    You know - just in case.

  • by TheSync (5291) * on Wednesday November 22 2006, @11:41PM (#16961492) Homepage Journal
    I think it may be related to the rise in natural gas prices, and the natural urge for gas producers to go plug up leaks at those prices.

    Natural gas production [pnl.gov] is the leading source of Russian methane emissions, for instance. And in 1990, Russia leaked as much as 26 million tons of methane. It was probably worth their while to plug some of these leaks at current prices.
    • I'm not so sure how "major" they could be. Noteworthy I'd be sure of, but do you have estimation figures that put them near the top of the 'new methane in the atmosphere' list?

      Using their patties for biofuel is something I think North Americans aren't looking at closely enough. There's definately fosssil-type fuel to be had from their back end production.
      • So which is it: They're not a major source of methane in the atmosphere OR their crap puts off a ton of methane and we should use it as fuel? I don't think you can have that both ways.

        I believe it is the latter. They are a significant contributor to the methane problem AND we should be harnessing every bit of methane we can as fuel.

        For the record, cows produce a lot of methane from both ends. Their 4 stomachs and digestion produce a fair amount from that end, and we've all smelt the other ends productio
        • It can be both ways, they can be not significant in the global scheme of things, yet their poop can be good to use, since we tend to gather a lot of cattle into one place to make resource collection convenient for us. I really would like to know their estimated methane production in a year though, compared to say other natural sources or industry.
        • by Qzukk (229616) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @09:28PM (#16960664) Journal
          They're not a major source of methane in the atmosphere OR their crap puts off a ton of methane and we should use it as fuel?

          Or their crap has no methane and yet can still be used for fuel (your dichotomy is false).

          Anyway, http://www.ciesin.org/TG/AG/liverear.html [ciesin.org] claims that livestock causes 15 of all organic-sourced methane "emissions". Mostly due to fermentation in their stomachs, mostly from low quality feed.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Wetlands 76%
        Termites 11%
        Oceans 8%
        Hydrates 5%


        http://www.epa.gov/methane/sources.html#natural [epa.gov]

        So my first guess would be a global reduction of wetlands. Nope, I shall not look for evidence now, it is 3a.m. .

        CC.
          • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

            http://www.carbonpositive.net/viewarticle.aspx?ar t icleID=442 [carbonpositive.net]

            "Scientists have discovered why atmospheric levels of methane have stabilised in recent years, but their findings are bad news for industry and agriculture where rising emissions of the greenhouse gas have been revealed.
            The scientists, including researchers from France's Climate and Environment Science Laboratory and Australia's national science agency CSIRO, found that a reduction in natural emissions of methane from wetlands has been maskin
    • Actually cows burp a lot of methane when they redigest cellulose the second time. Also when they fart. Also horses fart a lot, but I guess by biomass humans much outweight horses, if not all animal biomass. Methane is a byproduct of anaerobic bacterial digestion, and it is generated a lot in swampy lakes and rivers just as much as in your intestines - the bubbles you see rise to the surface while fisihing are practically methane. If there are a lot less swamps with rotting vegetation around because of human
    • This is not good news because if people think that the problem is not serious enough to warrant attention, society will not change its bad habits. Burning fossil fuels, driving polluting cars, and spewing chemicals into the air and our water supplies must not continue. Gas prices work similarly. A drop in prices is not necessarily good news because it will discourage people from acting to move away from our Middle Eastern energy dependence.

      Why has this been hidden by the mods?

      This is a valid point, there

      • s/"dispute global warming"/"dispute climate change"/g

        Anyone who disputes climate change is a moron. The debate isn't about whether climate change occurs (of course it does). It's about who caused it.

        I don't care which side of the debate you're on -- at least understand what is being debated.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      This is not good news because if people think that the problem is not serious enough to warrant attention, society will not change its bad habits.

      Unless, of course, the problem wasn't serious enough to warrent attention in the first place, as many environmental skeptics have been saying all along.
    • Re:CO2 (Score:4, Informative)

      by toolazytothink (1030956) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @09:19PM (#16960612)
      But in fact, human behaviour does not seem to be changing water vapour concentrations in the atmosphere, while as many many scientists have observed, rising concentrations of CO2 (which seem to be linked to rising levels of development, and energy production and use) are proportional to temperature increases. Water is a much more complicated greenhouse gas because it goes into the atmosphere easily, but it also comes out easily. CO2, on the other hand does not leave the atmosphere easily, and it is having a measurable effect on our climate.
        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          Note: Mankind's activities have clearly increased the amount of H2O in the atmosphere since we divert entire rivers via irrigation.

          Last I heard, the oceans covered 2/3rd of the surface of the Earth. It should be pretty clear that, in contrast, evaporation through irrigation on arable land (a fraction of the remaining 1/3) will be a drop in the bucket.

          The same can't be said for the production of CO2 from combustion of fossil fuels versus organic processes. And I have never seen spontaneous precipitation of l
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      All you did was spout excuses - as far as I could make out, the only substantive thing you were saying was that they couldn't predict weather %100 accurately, therefore we shouldn't be predicting climate change over ~30 years. And, global warming aside, carbon dioxide is the cause of the greenhouse effect. So, we'd be screwed without it. However, with too much, more heat is trapped... it is a pretty logical "assumption", and I don't see why it's blowing smoke.

      Weather forecasts are pretty accurate. And th
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      I am 54 years old. 44 years ago, I remeber walking home from midnight mass in a blizzard. This was in NY City, and garbage trucks had to pile snow and the end of the streets since there was no where to plow it all. We had snow mountains for a month or so. All of this is anecdotal, and certainly not a "geological" time period.

      And yet, I have noticed changes which seem to be born out by hard data that something is happening over a period of 29 years, namely that in certain key areas, such as Alaska in t [noaa.gov]

    • by Coryoth (254751) on Wednesday November 22 2006, @11:41PM (#16961496) Homepage Journal

      To let you know how accurate the large model for climatologists is look at the weather prediction in your news paper.

      There is, of course, a vast difference between predicting weather - which is a local phenomena, with significant specificity - and predicting the climate trends - which is averaging general trends globally. Consider, for instance, that it is very hard to stand on a beach and predict the exact height and shape of the next wave and precisely where and when it will break. On the other hand predicting the approximate height and time of the next high tide is rather easier. GCMs are, indeed, currently rather poor at making predictions down to the level of day to day local weather. They have, however, been very accurate [realclimate.org] at predicting year on year global climate.

      They are not sure as to just what influences our weather let alone to what extent. Ask them how much influence the sun or the earths core temp or the annual freezing of the southern oceans contribute to our weather and all they can do is shrug their shoulders and talk in non specifics.

      As noted above, contrary to your claim, the models have proved to be remarkably robust and accurate. They are also, contrary to popular perception in some circles, not just a big pattern matching machine that are "trained" on past data. They are models that are fed in physics. Yes, there are some tweakable parameters, as there should be in any model where there is some uncertainty. The greatest area of uncertainty in models currently is clouds, since they can be both a positive or negative feedback depending on the exact nature of their formation. Of course this problem is taken very seriously and there is a lot of study. The last IPCC report had considerable detail summarising that work [grida.no]. The simple reality, however, is that the models have worked pretty well, and have, in fact, made significant predictions that have since been observed [grist.org].

      But when they draw conclusions they are just blowing smoke the more assumptions the more smoke e.g. higher CO2 means higher temperature, therefore the level of CO2 measured in ice cores proves the temperatures years ago were less therefore we have global warming therefore etc etc

      Historical temperatures from ice-cores are determined by ratios of hydrogen or oxygen isotopes in the ice. The guts of the issue is that when combined in water the different isotopes, being different masses, fractionate out at slightly different temperatures, thus the exact isotope ratio is a function of many things, but a very signficant factor is the prevailing temperature at the time the water became vapout before precipitting out. Thus the ratio, while not an exact indication of specific temperatures (unless the many other factors are also accounted for), is a good indicator of general temperature trends over long time scales. For more detail see here [wileywater.com]. The result is that, using ice cores, we can plot temperature and carbon dioxide independently [wikipedia.org].

      Furthermore, more recent temperature reconstructions (as in reconstructions of only the past 1000 years or so) rely not on ice cores but on a wide variety of sources including coral, tree rings, glaciers, and more. Usually many of these different methods are cross referenced with each other to create any single reconstruction. The results can be seen in this plot [wikipedia.org] of 10 different reconstructions by different independent teams. The results, as you can see, while different, all show the same trend. If you're still uncertain, feel free to use the