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Stem Cells At The Core of Cancer?

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Tue Nov 21, 2006 04:21 AM
from the heart-of-the-matter dept.
davecb writes "The Globe and Mail reports that cancers have at their core a small number of stem cells, without which they cannot spread or reoccur. From the article: 'A spate of new discoveries about the basic biology of cancer is pushing researchers toward an astonishing conclusion: For decades, efforts to cure the disease may have targeted the wrong cells.' If true, the discoveries of Canadian and Italian research groups may give us a new path to selectively attack cancer."
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  • Cancer cells typically mutate in such a way that they reproduce uncontrollably. Often, this coincides with the original cancer cell "de-differentiating" (integrating? :) ) into a sort of stem cell, which allows them to reproduce infinitely. So yes, it would be understandable that a stem cell would have stem cells at its core. IANAB (I am not a biologist), but this sounds like redundant information to me, at least to some extent. What took them so long to figure this out? And, aren't all tumor cells pretty
    • by Xiph (723935)
      bleat, forgot to mention. it also discusses how current treatments are better at targeting regular cells than it is at targeting stem cells :P
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      IANAB (I am not a biologist), but this sounds like redundant information to me

      Did you at least read the scientific paper, or did you base your conclusion on an article from the Globe and Mail?

    • by Anonymous Coward on Tuesday November 21 2006, @05:41AM (#16928202)
      Often, this coincides with the original cancer cell "de-differentiating"

      This is the statement that's currently being debated; it's been basically assumed for a number of years that cancer was a differentiated cell that suddenly regained the ability to divide; the field is now warming to the idea that instead of cancer starting with a differentiated cell, it starts when a stem cell loses the control mechanisms that tell it "stop dividing now / divide slower". The mechanistic idea is the same (loses checkpoints, overexpressed growth factors, etc etc), but if it is truly only the stem cells that cause cancers, it's both interesting for a cancer treatment perspective (you don't have to target the entire cancer, just target the stem-like cancer cells), but also important for a stem cell therapy perspective, since it's a bad idea to inject people with stem cells primed for growth if they're going to have a massive risk of becoming cancerous.
    • IANAB also but, from my understanding :
      Almost every cell of the human body can reproduce
      A cancer is a group of cells reproducing in an abnormal fashion
      A stem cell is a cell than can reproduce into a variety of different cells, eventually being able to become any type of human cell

      Also I think this discovery is interesting from the point of view of the creation of stem cells for an adult. Stem cells may be used in some kind of treatment in the near future as I understand, but an adult body doesn't conta
    • Often, this coincides with the original cancer cell "de-differentiating" (integrating? :) ) into a sort of stem cell, which allows them to reproduce infinitely.

      For NBAB (not being a biologist) that sentence seems to have a lot of conviction. Where'd you learn it?

      Perhaps this is the necessary duplicated research for this to start becoming a scientific consesus.

      BTW, that integrating thing was cute, but would have been more technically correct if you had used "antidifferentiating" instead. ;)

      OT: Why was the p
    • by Ihlosi (895663)
      Often, this coincides with the original cancer cell "de-differentiating" (integrating? :) ) into a sort of stem cell,

      There are various degrees of "de-differentiation" (which means that the cancer cell loses the properties of the cells that make up the tissue it originally came from, like receptors). The worst case is turning into something completely unrecognizable. The more similarity to the original the cancer cells retain, the better is the outlook for treatment, because the cancer cells might still re

    • by fupeg (653970) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @11:45AM (#16932856)
      You didn't RTFA, did you? (Yeah I know, it's Slashdot. Clearly the people who modded you didn't RTFA either.) From TFA:
      current therapies treat colon cancer as a "homogeneous entity, not every colon cancer cell has the ability to keep that tumour going; only one in 60,000."
    • by bubblewrapgrl (189933) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @11:55AM (#16933160)
      IAAB (I am a biologist). From what I've learned, what allows cancer cells to divide indefinitely is that there are mutations in the proteins that control the cell cycle. Normally, there are proteins that inhibit the cell from continual division. However, in many cases, these proteins are mutated and can no longer perform their functions allowing the cancer cell to divide indefinitely. Unfortunately, they are not all the same. There can be several causes to why they behave like cancer cells. Mutations in these proteins are only one cause.

      The cancer cells are still the same type of cell they were before they became cancerous. For example, in skin cancer, the cancerous cells are still skin cells. This has been noted when metastasis occurs.
  • summary (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Xiph (723935) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @04:36AM (#16927818)
    Anyone answering above this post have not have time to read the article, here's the summary: The article is about research into whether or not cancerous stemcells are necessary for cancer growth. It discusses (biased) that they are, and talks briefly about where in the body you'll find stem cells and what they do. then finishes of with presenting a (in my non-medical view) convincing animal study, showing that when cancer cells are injected into mice, it was predominantly the mice who were injected with cancerous stem cells which showed cancer growth, while only one mouse (in 47) injected with cancerous non-stem cells showed a growing cancer.
    • by salec (791463)
      Yes, they state as largest problem how to kill off only aberrant stem cells, which generate tumor cells without killing both aberrant and normal stem cells, which would be A Bad Thing.

      IANAB but ... if we could send a marker with deadly but inactive payload to home on all stem cells, but somehow get activated only by newly introduced tumor cell, that might do it.

      Or, better, a marker compound (1) that would bond to a stem cell AND to a tumor cell if (when) they are close enough (immediately after cell divisio
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        by Retric (704075)
        It's "biased" in that it assumes a single study is correct.

        "Stem cells core of more cancers"
        vs.
        "Stem cells possible core of more cancers"

        The results seem plausible but no competent scientist puts much weight on a single small study. It also uses emotion to boost the validity of the research

        "A lot is known about the genetics of colon cancer, but despite all our knowledge, too many people keep relapsing and dying,"

        A non biased article should use a neutral tone to convey information not drum up support for a r
  • by onion2k (203094) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @04:37AM (#16927820) Homepage
    There's a huge flaw in the article. You don't kill the king in chess, you capture him.
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      You don't kill the king in chess, you capture him.

      Yeah, in pussy chess. In girly chess you kill the king.

      And in manly chess, you kill the loser. Suicides are common.
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      There's a huge flaw in the article. You don't kill the king in chess, you capture him.
      ... and then you kill him, else why would you capture him?
      • Actually, not quite. You are right that it's check-mate (think trapped) rather than capturing. But, it depends a little on the kind of chess. In speed chess for example it's perfectly acceptable to capture the king. Secondly, usually you don't knock over the king after you're checkmated. Perhaps shake hands, perhaps setup for another game. Knocking over the king is a surrender, and you don't really need to do so after you lost. Although if you have a move or two to go, it's a time saver.
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by rarity (165626)
        You don't CAPTURE the king. You CHECK-MATE the king.

        I thought "check mate" came from the Persian "Shah Mat", which means "the King is dead".
        • Re:Fundamental Flaw (Score:5, Informative)

          by Suhas (232056) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @06:07AM (#16928354)
          Nope. it means the King has been defeated. "Mat", which is a word common to Urdu and Hindi as well, means defeat, while "Shah", of course, means King
  • I knew it! (Score:2, Funny)

    by jtorkbob (885054)
    The President was right the whole time! These evil stem cell things really are evil!
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      by Shaper_pmp (825142)
      Indeed - it's the stem cells! They're in it with the gays and the terrorists!

      But the thing to remember is that there's really only a small hard-core of stem cells hiding in a huge mass of normal cells, with no real popular support. So what we should do is go in all guns blazing and take out as many of the healthy cells as we can in the cross-fire, then occupy the entire body and sell off its natural resources (dental fillings?) to Halliburton for no-bid contracts.

      Furthermore, during our occupation we shou
  • Possibly intuitive? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by theundergroundman (944494) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @04:56AM (#16927934)
    One of the problems with the older strains of stem cells in US research is that they often caused cancer in experimental mice. Going from undifferentiated to rapidly differentiating. When you think about those results this finding makes intuitive sense but I am also not a biologist, at least not full time.
  • by macadamia_harold (947445) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @04:58AM (#16927942) Homepage
    The Globe and Mail reports that cancers have at their core a small number of stem cells, without which they cannot spread or reoccur.

    So how long until we have some partisan halfwit wielding this nugget of information in his crusade against stem-cell research?
    • by Froster (985053) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @05:10AM (#16928024)
      Or it will work in the opposite sense. Its hard to argue against research that can cure cancer. There has been a lot of talk about the use of stem cells to treat inherited disease, but thats largely something that only those unfortunate enough to suffer from that disease would favour (or publicly advocate). Cancer on the other hand is something that everyone can relate to, and everyone knows a victim of. If you told even the most ardent Bush supporter if they are willing to do whatever they can to cure cancer, I doubt they would be willing to say no.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by SnowZero (92219)
      So how long until we have some person who is opposed to harvesting aborted fetuses wielding this nugget of information in his crusade against taxpayer funding of stem-cell research?

      There, I fixed it for you.

      Why don't we start harvesting organs from prisoners against their will, and carry out various risky medical research on the long-term prison population? At least then we would be consistent. It's sad when the average person can watch a movie such as The Island, and yet not see any parallels to the choi
      • by Fryed (205364) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @09:14AM (#16929874)
        First off, Embryo != Fetus

        If you don't know what embryo means, here's a helpful link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo#Growth_of_the_ Human_Embryo [wikipedia.org]

        Secondly, most of the controversy that I'm aware of right now does not involve taking stem cells from aborted fetuses, or aborted embryos. It involves taking embryos that were already created and frozen in a lab for in vitro fertilization, but never used. If these embryos are not implanted in a womb within a certain amount of time, even frozen, they stop being viable. Furthermore, most in vitro clinics destroy the unwanted embryos after the couple has successfully conceived. Right now, these embryos are just being destroyed, but instead, they could be use to cure people! However, people like you go around spreading misinformation designed to rile up people's emotions, to the point where they forget what the issue is even about.
  • by Dachannien (617929) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @05:08AM (#16928002)
    Since stem cells come from embryos, and stem cells also cause cancer, the solution is obvious.

    We must eradicate all embryos.

    (We should probably eradicate all babies while we're at it, just to be safe.)

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      OK, who clicked on 'informative'. Duh!
    • by louzerr (97449)
      No, see that's the cool thing ... since stem cells are only in embryos (this is what Hollywood & the press seem to think anyway), the rest of us don't need to worry about cancer! Saved by Hollywood!
  • by tcdk (173945) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @05:08AM (#16928010) Homepage Journal
    ... and luckily it's one of their rare free ones:

    Stem Cells: The Real Culprits in Cancer? [sciam.com]

  • Vitamine B17 (Score:5, Informative)

    by Frans Faase (648933) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @05:13AM (#16928040) Homepage
    I remember that Dr. G. Edward Griffin, the author of "World Without Cancer : The Story of Vitamin B17", has been claiming for a long time that stem cells are at the core of cancer, and that vitamine B17 is very effective in helping the body stop stem cells from going wild and causing cancer. I have followed the debate around vitamine B17, but so far have not come to a conclusion whether it is real or a hoax.
  • by smitty_one_each (243267) * on Tuesday November 21 2006, @05:20AM (#16928086) Homepage Journal
    Core of Cancer?
    Easy answer.
    Research me closer,
    Tiny dancer.
    Burma Shave
  • by transporter_ii (986545) * on Tuesday November 21 2006, @08:15AM (#16929258) Homepage

    I think we should give credit where credit is due:

    The Trophoblast Thesis Of Cancer "In 1902, John Beard, a professor of embryology at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, authored a paper published in the British medical journal Lancet in which he stated there were no differences between cancer cells and certain pre-embryonic cells that were normal to the early stages of pregnancy,"

    Note that we know in mice that blastomeres, put in the right environment, will multiply, organize and create trophoblastic cells (Many of the more promising lines of stem cells have been derived from blastocysts).

    It is pretty uncanny that Beard nailed it pretty darn close in 1902, and he probably concluded that it was trophobastic cells because they couldn't get any deeper than that at the time.

    transporter_ii

    • by transporter_ii (986545) * on Tuesday November 21 2006, @08:18AM (#16929286) Homepage
      [Again, keep in mind that to isolate stem cells, scientists "peel away" the trophoblast.]

      http://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2004/1227/070.ht [forbes.com] ml [forbes.com]

      Cancer Killer

      Radical researchers are onto a controversial idea for stopping cancer: go after stem cells

      Peter Dirks uses a talented pair of hands to cut cancer out of the brains of sick children. But no matter how brilliantly he performs, he rarely is able to stop cancer's return; sometimes the tumors come roaring back just months after he excises all visible signs of disease.

      This inevitability--of children dying in the face of his best attempts to heal them--got to him. "It broke my heart that we couldn't do more for them," says Dirks, a surgeon-scientist at the University of Toronto-affiliated Hospital for Sick Children. So in desperation he set out six years ago to pursue a radical new theory of what truly fuels cancer's growth, one that might unlock new therapies and explain why today's treatments often provide only fleeting help.

      His concept was so fringy that government agencies repeatedly rejected his grant proposals. Parents of several of his patients kept the research going by donating $100,000 to his efforts; one of the couples even took up a collection at their child's funeral. But this fall Dirks reported a breakthrough that could dramatically alter our understanding of how cancer grows. His revelation, which could take a decade or more to take hold, is the latest in a string of findings that may one day uncloak the key triggers of many different kinds of cancer.

      Scientists have long assumed that all of the dozens of kinds of cells inside a tumor are created equal--and are equally deadly, capable of spreading elsewhere in the body to create a totally new tumor. So they focus on chemotherapy that kills as many cancer cells as possible.

      Dirks and a handful of other mavericks argue that this indiscriminate approach is wrongheaded. They believe a single type of cell may be cancer's main growth engine:mutant stem cells that, though barely present, spawn other cells that then spark growth. "This has profound implications," says researcher Thomas Look of Boston's Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. "The major cells you see under a microscope may not be the ones you need to kill in order to cure the disease." He adds that the theory "is definitely still very controversial" in some quarters.

      Figure out a way to isolate these mutant cells and target only them, Dirks says, and maybe cancer can be stopped outright--and the kids he treats might stop dying so soon after he operates.

      These mutant stem cells already have been found in breast cancer, two types of leukemia and multiple myeloma. This fall Dirks and six scientists at the University of Toronto proved the existence of the cells in human brain tumors, pinpointing a small group of cells believed to be the driver of the tumors' growth. "In every brain tumor we have looked at, in both adults and kids, we are able to find these cells," Dirks says.

      When the researchers implanted just a couple hundred of these cells into mice, they developed huge tumors and often died within weeks. Other brain cancer cells, by contrast, were incapable of forming new tumors, no matter how many were injected into the mice, Dirks wrote last month in the journal Nature. The more stem cells present, the more virulently the tumor grows:They account for 1 in 4 cells in a glioblastoma tumor, the deadliest type of brain cancer, but only 1 in 500 cells in slower-growing forms of brain cancer, Dirks found.

      Some researchers predict that stem cells eventually will be found in most major types of cancer. "It will completely change the search for new treatments and the way we think about the disease," says Irving Weissman, a renowned stem cell expert at Stanford University, who says several big drug firms have taken an interest in the latest findings.

      Stem cells are the primitive
    • by transporter_ii (986545) * on Tuesday November 21 2006, @08:21AM (#16929316) Homepage

      And what was Beard's Trophoblastic Thesis Of Cancer?

      The trophoblast thesis championed by John Beard maintains that, as the body is damaged by everyday wear, aging, improper diet, contact with substances known to damage the body, such as tobacco or toxic chemicals, etc., the body begins to heal itself with cells, to some extent, made up of trophoblast cells. Under normal conditions, when the healing is complete, the immune system "turns off" the trophoblast cells and stops what would otherwise be an overgrowth of these cells -- a condition we would label cancer -- by the use of pancreatic enzymes.

      This lead some to say that cancer, rather than being an invasion of mutated cells, was more correctly an "over-healing" situation in the body (admittedly, that is an oversimplification). But there are many that think this is one reason why cancer so easily evades the immune system, which would under normal conditions kill off anything foreign to the body fairly quickly...

      Transporter_ii

  • This connection between stem cells and cancer is touched upon in the TED talk with Eva Vertes, a young researcher. Very interesting stuff.

    The video is available at the TEDTalks webpage. Look for Eva Vertes.
    http://www.ted.com/tedtalks/ [ted.com]
  • Obvious. (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Spazmania (174582) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @08:52AM (#16929652) Homepage
    What, this wasn't obvious? Entire rows of teeth have shown up inside of tumors and nobody thought to say, "Gee, maybe there are some rogue stem cells at work here." What blindingly obvious connection will they fail to see next? The possibility that stem cells may turn out not to be useful because when properly stimulated to grow a replacement body part, they behave precisely like cancer?
    • Re:Obvious. (Score:4, Informative)

      by NorthDude (560769) on Tuesday November 21 2006, @09:28AM (#16930060)
      No, it wasn't obvious. The type of tumor you are talking about are called Teratoma [wikipedia.org]. I can't explain what they are and won't even try as I am in no way qualified to do so, but anyway, read the wikipedia entry. And by the way, don't you think that these guys know what they are doing? They have been researching on the subject for years, they have conducted experiments, studied the field, etc, for all of their life. Don't you think that if it had been so obvious that, well, they would probably have found it before?
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      Major advances are more often than not made through simple changes to the accepted "norm." What usually drags such things on is that those that have a vested interest in one form of advancement paying off they will not risk another way. As such it usually ends up requiring fresh blood in the mix. Another problem there is often times the new blood has set ways impressed on them by the mentors and as such regurgitate the same, wrong, answers till someone often times risking tanking their career (see invitro f
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by salec (791463)
      Only of recent stem cells, particulary non-fetal stem cells, gained the hype, so even researchers from other fields, who taught stem cells were not interesting for their work got a glance at them... and were surprised to see how closely they match description of malign, rogue cells and click into the big picture. This was expected and inevitable.