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Snooping Through Walls with Microwaves

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Wed Oct 26, 2005 05:26 AM
from the time-to-buy-stock-in-tinfoil dept.
denis-The-menace writes "According to an article from newscientist, scientists have devised a system to use microwave energy for surveillance. If people are speaking inside the room, any flimsy surface, such as clothing, will be vibrating. This modulates the radio beam reflected from the surface. Although the radio reflection that passes back through the wall is extremely faint, the kind of electronic extraction and signal cleaning tricks used by NASA to decode signals in space can be used to extract speech. Although, I doubt it would work in this room"
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  • by titla1k (875330) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:29AM (#13879241)
    is there's a van sitting outside your house, with a whole lot of kitchen appliances pointing at it.
    • by moviepig.com (745183) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:45AM (#13879452) Homepage
      If people are speaking [then] clothing... will be vibrating.

      So the hell with eyes... it's actually possible to undress her with your diction...

    • by goombah99 (560566) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @09:57AM (#13880538)
      The first sign the Fed's are listening to you is when they give you a nice small bust of lenin for your mantle peice. That's exactly what the British did to the russian ambassador back in the post world-war two era. They gave him a a gift of a small statue and inside it they had mounted a corner cube which is a passive device that enhances the retro-reflection of microwaves beamed at it. (read about it is Peter Wright's (banned in UK) book Spycatcher--wright [amazon.com] was the science officer for MI5 and inventor of the technique [bbc.co.uk])

      The second sign is when you feel toasty warm and the chair feels cold. In the 70's and 80's the carter and reagan administrations were perpetually complaining that the level of microwave energy measured inside the US embassy exceeded the OSHA limits for exposure. Eventually the US built a new embassy with enhanced shielding. UNfortunately the Soviet's put listening devices into the bricks. The embassy had to be knocked down and rebuilt. Of course, peter wright [bbc.co.uk] did exactly the same thing to the Soviet embassy in canada. Each night he snuck into the construction site and pulled wires up the inside of the walls to his microphones in specially made window sills. The soviet's learned about it from a mole in MI5 and had to build a second interior wall so that no rooms were near the windows.

      Doppler microwave spying is quite old. As is laser vibrometry on windows.
      • Used Here (Score:4, Interesting)

        by waldoj (8229) <waldo@ja[ ]th.org ['qui' in gap]> on Wednesday October 26 2005, @01:25PM (#13882844) Homepage Journal
        Here in Charlottesville, home of the National Ground Intelligence Center (you might know them for a little kerfuffle involving their providing bad intelligence about nuclear weapons to some president...something about a war?), they've long had a thick wire mesh covering all of their windows. A former employee told me, when I was a kid, that it was designed to reflect microwaves for this very reason.

        -Waldo Jaquith
      • This stuff has been happening since the fifties. Nothing new here.

        The russians did that to the US, too. With a nice giant carving of the Great Seal - with a device behind a small hole beneath the beak.

        Consisted of a cavity resonator about the size of a stack of 10 or so dimes, with a tuning post up the middle, a diaphragm for one end (to detune it according to air pressure) and a wire antenna maybe a foot long coupled into the cavity. Excite it with a microwave signal near but not dead-on the resonance and the reflection is amplitude modulated by the sound from the room.

        Better yet: Put a diode in a movable surface. Excite it and it returns harmonics (easy to sort out from other reflections because they're on a different frequency), phase-modulated by doppler shift from the object's motion (like its variant FM, PM is very noise-resistant).

        Russian laborers constructed an embassy where the walls were FULL of thousands of diodes - embedded in the construction material. US had to abandon the building and build one of their own. News items suggested the diodes were to make it hard to sniff for bugs. But IMHO they were the bugs themselves, using the harmonic-generation/doppler/PM trick.

        Like the posting in the root article, this makes every surface a bug. You have to get diodes into them, but the return is cleaner and stronger than echoes from a passive reflector.
  • by TripMaster Monkey (862126) * on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:29AM (#13879242)

    I think I'm going to buy stock in Alcoa Operations [alcoa.com]...with shenanigans like this going on, they can only increase in value.

    In the meantime, here's some telltale signs you might be under microwave surveillance:
    • You feel slightly warmer than is normal.
    • Your food seems to be cooking itself.
    • Metal objects in your house give off sparks for no good reason.
    • Your coffee remins hot for a very long time.
    • Your beer remains cold for a very short time.
    • All your CDs are covered with tiny cracks and will no longer play.
    • Your house pets smell delicious.

    Watch for these signs and protect your privacy...cause the government certainly isn't going to.
    • Re:Invest in AA (Score:4, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:37AM (#13879263)
      Aside from the fact that farmers and subsidies have all but shut down Alcoa in the US, Aluminum is a poor choice, and hence wouldn't be used. Lead. That would be the metal of choice. It has properties which make it excellent at sound proofing. Vibrating aluminum would modulate their signal quite nicely.
        • Re:Invest in AA (Score:5, Informative)

          by mikiN (75494) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @07:02AM (#13879506)
          There is no such thing as the English language. There are, however, at least two widely spoken dialects, both of which use different spellings for the word aluminium [wikipedia.org].
        • Re:Invest in AA (Score:3, Informative)

          by Anonymous Coward
          The element was discovered by an American who named it Aluminum. The British rejected this and gave it the name Aluminium for their usage (so it would end in "ium" just like HeliUM, LithIUM, BerrylIUM, etc). Aluminum is the standard American spelling. Aluminium is the standard spelling in British Commonwealth countries. While I appreciate the British desire for consistency, the Americans can legitimately argue that the person who discovered it should be able to name it whatever they bloody well want.

          I s
    • On the plus side, it should automagically explode all the super-evil RFID tracking tags in your razors and potato chip bags and whatnot. It's nice to trade one form of surveillance for another, and this sure would be faster than putting each individual item in the microwave oven one at a time!
  • by SecureTheNet (915798) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:29AM (#13879243) Homepage
    Now, when the NSA spies on me, my wi-fi network will be unable to work due to interference!
  • oh no (Score:5, Funny)

    by NoGuffCheck (746638) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:30AM (#13879247)
    luckily my parents basement has thick walls.
  • by polysylabic psudonym (820466) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:34AM (#13879259) Journal
    How many criminals protect against laser audio surveillance, where a laser beam is bounced off a window or other rigid surface, and the sound from the room vibrates the surface, wobbling the beam, the wobble being translated into audio by the snooper.

    The laser can be defeated by double glazing (I think), devices to vibrate windows and laser detectors (to tell you if you're being listened to).

    A microwave device can be defeated by the good old tinfoil hat - by which I mean wallpapering in foil or otherwise turning the room into a faraday cage.
  • by DrSkwid (118965) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:38AM (#13879265) Homepage Journal
    Some associates were spied on by the telephone.

    Just because the receiver was on the cradle didn't mean that the microphone wasn't active.

    The cops played stuff back in interviews/court that was off topic but was the occupants bitching about each other to try and divide and conquer them.

    This was in Leeds, UK.

    I can't remember many more details or find a link. I didn't know them at the time and only heard about it later as a warning.

    • I didn't think that sort of evidence was admissible in a UK court.
      • by !IH (33751) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @09:20AM (#13880301)
        I didn't think that sort of evidence was admissible in a UK court.

        Evidence?? Court?? You are running an old version of UK, please upgrade where these bugs have been removed in an effort to improve security.

    • by Richard_at_work (517087) <richardprice@nospAm.gmail.com> on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:44AM (#13879448)
      MI5 developed this in the 1950s, and called it Special Facilities. All it required at the start was a modification to the phone - a single washer, and the phone could be used as a surveillence device. Later versions enabled activation using high frequency radio waves to activate the telephones microphone and required no modification to the phone itself.

      Survellience was also carried out against embassy cypher machines using unshielded telephone cables picking up eletromagnetic emissions from the cypher machines, in many cases enabling the reading of both the en clair message and the cypher material.

      None of this was admissable in a UK court. Phone tap evidence still isnt.
  • Not new tech (Score:4, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:39AM (#13879267)
    I don't think this a new technology. I think that this is just a new take on a technology that Léon Theremin (inventor of the Theremin instrument) was working on for the KGB in the 50-60s. He was using infrared bounced off of windows to detect conversations inside (or something). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L [wikipedia.org]éon_Theremin
  • Fluff piece (Score:5, Informative)

    by gtoomey (528943) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:42AM (#13879277)
    This "story" is just a reference to a patent application [uspto.gov].

    Even at 100GHz, the wavelength of microwaves is 3 mm. But sound waves inside a room would cause a surface to vibrate perhaps 0.001 mm. You cant modulate a 3mm wave to record 0.001 mm changes.

    • Doh!! I'm am amateur radio operator. I should have been able to do the math too.

      Yes. The last time I heard this story, I thought they were using a laser beam -- which makes a lot more sense.
    • Re:Fluff piece (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Ancient_Hacker (751168) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:50AM (#13879462)
      >"You cant modulate a 3mm wave to record 0.001 mm changes." You're partially correct. It would be difficult to detect the modulations, EXCEPT that if you're also the sender of the original signal, you can mix the incoming and outgoing signals and extract the phase difference. Subtraction is a VERY powerful signal-extraction method!

      There's an anecdote in the engineering field: where some poor sods at Racal-Dana had a phase detector at 50MHz that was so sensitive to vibration they had to stop their experiments whenever a plane took off from Orange County Airport (quite a few miles away). They eventually had to get special thick aluminum wall castings to enclose the phase detector to block the vibrations. And this was at just 50MHz. Phase detectors get more sensitive proportional to operating frequency, so a 5,000 MHz phase detector is *mighty* sensitive!

    • Re:Fluff piece (Score:5, Insightful)

      by pz (113803) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @07:53AM (#13879762) Journal
      Even at 100GHz, the wavelength of microwaves is 3 mm. But sound waves inside a room would cause a surface to vibrate perhaps 0.001 mm. You cant modulate a 3mm wave to record 0.001 mm changes.

      Interference detectors, more commonly known as interferometers, can detect distances far below the wavelength used to make the measurements. For example, 800 nm infrared laser light can readily be used to resolve 5 nm differences (I've worked on the development of such a system). Further, the distances being considered for measuring the movement of things like clothing or the throat and chest of the speaker are far above one micron (0.001 mm): put your finger on your throat and speak; think that's one micron you're feeling?
  • by Ancient_Hacker (751168) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:42AM (#13879278)
    The Soviet KGB have been doing exactly this since before 1960. Windowpanes make good microwave reflectors. All it takes is a simple microwave source and mixer. Nothing new to see here.
    • That was lasers. Microwaves pass straight through glass.
      • by Ancient_Hacker (751168) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:30AM (#13879410)
        Uh, not quite. For many reasons.
        • There were no "lasers" in 1960. At least not the very stable continuous-wave lasers that you need for this, and especially not in the USSR.
        • Think-- do lasers go through glass? Do lasers bounce off glass? Might other wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation act similarly?
        • Microwaves bounce off most anything, if you pick the right angle. Conveniently, most buildings have the windows recessed a bit, and any concave corner makes an EXCELLENT "corner reflector", which has the amazing property of bouncing any incident beam right back to the sender.
        Not only did they bounce microwaves off glass-- they had the hutzpah to give the US ambassador a honorary plaque, which he hung on his office wall. Unbeknownst to us, there was a little diaphragm inside the plaque, just the right wavelength to reflect K-band microwavesm, which vibrated very nicely to every word spoken in his office. Look it up.
        • Not only did they bounce microwaves off glass-- they had the hutzpah to give the US ambassador a honorary plaque, which he hung on his office wall. Unbeknownst to us, there was a little diaphragm inside the plaque, just the right wavelength to reflect K-band microwavesm, which vibrated very nicely to every word spoken in his office. Look it up.

          I looked it up. 330 MHZ is not K-Band microwaves. It's UHF. HF is from 3-30Mhz VHF is from 30-300...

          The bugged seal had a resonant quarterwave antenna tuned to 330
  • How long? (Score:3, Funny)

    by xor.pt (882444) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:44AM (#13879286)
    How long till they incorporate this feature into an iPod?
  • Food fun (Score:4, Funny)

    by Snamh Da Ean (916391) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:44AM (#13879287)
    Man, I knew that burrito I put in the microwave last night when I came home from a party was speaking to me...
  • This isnt new (Score:3, Interesting)

    by MrEcho.net (632313) * on Wednesday October 26 2005, @05:46AM (#13879290)
    This tech has been around for a very long time, just not in the public sector.

    If you look at any high security building(NSA, etc) they will have multi layers on the outside and inside of the buildings.

    Not only is it physical security, but sound and wireless security.
  • Wouldn't the sound in the room vibrate the foil on the wall? Said foil would reflect microwaves very nicely, I suspect...
  • My preference to microwaves transmitted in order to invade my privacy is to send hot lead back,at high speed
  • Very dangerous!!! (Score:4, Informative)

    by elgatozorbas (783538) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:13AM (#13879359)
    The summary mentioned microwave ovens, so some may be tempted to play around with a DIY radar. Don't!!! Of all domectic appliances a microwave is about the most dangerous to take apart. The RF radiation has a very high power and is invisible. When exposed to the electromagnetic field, currents start to flow inside the human body (mostly close to the skin) giving rise to burn-like wounds. Especially the risk of eye injury is significant. Don't try this at home.
  • by AnonymousYellowBelly (913452) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:14AM (#13879360)
    Yeah, they listen to the music playing inside your house. Say you are hearing the latest hit from Britney Spears but the RIAA has no record of you buying it, well they turn the 'volume' to 11 on their microwave emitter and fry your balls, burn your house and kill your dog. Justice has been served, right?
  • Tinfoil hats (Score:3, Insightful)

    by Jerom (96338) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:17AM (#13879368)
    Funny thing is, with this kind of device tinfoil hats will actually improve "the black suits" reception, since tinfoil easily vibrates and reflects radiowaves really well.

    *Sigh* what now?

    J.
  • Foil Room fallacy (Score:3, Informative)

    by obfuscated (258084) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:42AM (#13879442) Homepage
    The "Foil Room" won't help against snooping as you'd like to believe. (Prepare to ditch all your foil hats!!).

    To truly block signals, you'd need to build a actual Faraday "cage" built with the smallest possible 'holes' so the waves created inside (be it voice, the sound of you typing or even waves emitted by the blinking LED from your Ethernet card) will be cancelled out. This is the same technology that the intelligence agencies employ against counter intelligence. That with foil (which is properly grounded) will work.

    Solid surfaces such as foil can actually act as large AMPLIFIERS if implemented incorrectly since the waves will

    Note that your microwave is surrounded by a Faraday cage to protect you from the rays; not foil.

    A quick Google to back up my post yielded this page [montalk.net] discussing similar topics.
  • Not quite microwave (Score:4, Informative)

    by Ge10 (803950) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @06:56AM (#13879487)
    This has been around for a long time. In the book "Spycatcher" by ex-MI5 agent Peter Wright, he describes a bug used by the KGB to spy on the American ambassador in Hawaii (I think). There was a metal membrane hidden inside a wooden carving, which would passively vibrate with sounds in the room. A strong RF beam of around 900 MHz (details are hazy again, and it's not quite microwave) was directed towards the office from a fair distance away, then the signal would be minutely modulated and reflected by the metal membrane. It was able to work for several years, and this was in the 1960's. You can only guess what's available now.
  • by kilodelta (843627) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @07:02AM (#13879507)
    I guarantee they're using a MASER. You can thank RADAR pioneers from M.I.T. and Bell Labs for that.

    That being said it is easily defeated. For example - short wavelengths below 1cm start resonating with water vapor. That's why doppler radar has been such a boon to meteorology.

    But there are ways to stop it. Metal impregnated and grounded cement walls that are, oh, 6 to 8 feet below grade level would be reasonably safe. Of course don't put any windows, just ventilation.

    And if you're really that much of a target they'd bug the place before they resorted to using microwave to listen in. BTW, for a good fantasy view of using microwave to peek in I highly recommend watching "The Siege" with Denzel Washinton and Tony Shaloub.
  • Old news (Score:4, Informative)

    by Technician (215283) on Wednesday October 26 2005, @08:22AM (#13879950)
    A wodden copy of the Great Seal of the United States was bugged. Part of the seal was used as a diaphram and was used as a passive resonant reflector. This would pass most bug sweeps as the device was not active, but passive. When painted with a 330 Mhz signal, it would modulate it.

    The only update in the article is now they use microwaves and common materials already in a room.

    Details here;
    http://www.spybusters.com/Great_Seal_Bug.html [spybusters.com]

    This bug is was delivered in 1946 and discovered in 1952.
    • While annoying to a small number of people who can't connect to them, the coralcache links are vastly better than the alternative of slashdotting a site that cannot handle the load of a million nerds with refresh buttons.

      When that happens, NO ONE can get to the page, not just those with lame firewalls.

      [ObNerd]
      The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few.
    • You are (are you?) probably talking about Microwave Impulse Radar, the miracle technology that was supposed to change our lives years ago. It's tiny bursts of microwave radar, able to be transmitted/received at short ranges at tiny power levels by an on-chip transmitter.
      Here's a typical article about MIR [llnl.gov]. Last I read, there were legal battles about shoddy treatment of potential vendors by the LLNL. Slashdot readers would probably do well to track this technology!

      A taste of this from http://www.eurekalert [eurekalert.org]