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Making Ice Without Electricity

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Mon Sep 12, 2005 03:02 PM
from the old-science-becomes-new-again dept.
j-beda writes "Time Magazine is running an article telling us how Dave Williams is trying to make ice for third-world applications using the Hilsch-Ranque vortex-tube effect (first developed in 1930 by G.J. Ranque), where swirling air is split into hot and cold components." The method is horribly inefficient but Williams is hoping it could yield helpful results in areas where electricity is really not an option.
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[+] High-Tech Electro-Defroster 109 comments
DahBaker writes to mention a News.com story about an ingenious way to de-ice a surface. From the article: "Dartmouth College engineering professor Victor Petrenko, not to be confused with one of the Champions on Ice, has devised a way to use a burst of electricity to remove ice caked on walls or windows. For surfaces coated with a special film, the jolt gets rid of ice in less than a second, far less time than it takes to hack at it with an ice scraper. While drivers might find easy-cleaning windshields convenient, the technology--called thin-film pulse electrothermal de-icing, or PETD--could have significant economic impact if widely deployed. It could, for example, cut the costs of repairing power lines downed by ice storms and keep plane windshields frost-free, decreasing fuel consumption."
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  • Hrm. (Score:5, Funny)

    by grub (11606) <slashdot@grub.net> on Monday September 12 2005, @03:03PM (#13540458) Homepage Journal

    In Winnipeg we just leave water outside for a few minutes.
    • by Anonymous Coward
      The water leaves YOU outside for a few minutes.
      • by Anonymous Coward on Monday September 12 2005, @03:30PM (#13540726)
        The President leaves you in the water outside for a few days.
          • by geeber (520231) on Monday September 12 2005, @04:21PM (#13541214)
            Some people actually rely on the government instead of thinking and acting for themselves.

            After all, any fool knows that a catagory 4 hurricane, broken levee's, 10 feet of flood water, and the breakdown of social order shouldn't require any pesky government meddling to deal with. Just gutsy individuals with a can-do attitude!

            Those dang people should quit whinging and get over their "victim" mentality.
              • by geeber (520231) on Monday September 12 2005, @05:02PM (#13541595)
                Local and state governments were thoroughly incompetant, and FEMA was unable to force their way in thanks to that pesky Constitution that gives states power in times of crisis (not that FEMA was all that on-the-ball either). More of this is better?

                First of all, the states asked for aid, and Bush signed a state of emergency, BEFORE Katrina hit. There was no question about authority. FEMA and the federal government had all the authority and responsibility in this situation.

                Secondly FEMA dropped the ball so badly because we have had five years of a government that thinks just like you do. The Bush adminstration has so little respect for government agencies that they choked them with insufficient budgets and apointed unqualified cronies to run them, forcing out experienced disaster management people. Read the recent columns by Paul Krugman and Thomas Friedman in the NYT for lots of details.

                Is it any wonder New Orleans got the response it did with the leaders we have?
                • by lgw (121541) on Monday September 12 2005, @05:29PM (#13541815) Journal
                  First of all, the states asked for aid, and Bush signed a state of emergency, BEFORE Katrina hit. There was no question about authority. FEMA and the federal government had all the authority and responsibility in this situation.

                  That's not how the system is set up. FEMA had authority to act, but only where specifically requested to act by state government. The governer can call of FEMA for help with any problem state and local responders can't handle, but FEMA can't act except where specific help is requested. What *usually* happens is that the state EMA says "command and control is something we can't handle, please take that over", and FEMA does, allowing them to use their own initiative. This did *not* happen in LA, and still hasn't happened.

                  Also, using the national guard for policing (which was desperately needed) is outside of FEMA entirely unless the president invokes the insurrection act, which would have been a very scary precedent! The governer must effectively deputize the guardsmen, as there is no martial law in the LA constitution. The governer must also directly request guardsmen from other states (they were offered, bu not requested).

                  Basically, Blanco refused to give up control to people who actually had a plan. It takes more than just declaring a state of emergency (which is a prerequisite), you also have to *explicitly* relinquish command and control to FEMA if you want them to run the show.
          • by TheWickedKingJeremy (578077) on Monday September 12 2005, @04:43PM (#13541414) Homepage
            If you were a poor person fighting out a living in the ghettos of New Orleans, you might not be so quick to jump to that conclusion. Not all people are lucky enough to have been born with the options available to, say, the average slashdotter.

            In my limited experience, I have found that people who share your worldview have seldom faced poverty or any real need... more often, that worldview seems to be an excuse for conservatives to convince themselves that there is no class, and that poor people choose to be poor.
                  • by budgenator (254554) on Monday September 12 2005, @05:27PM (#13541808) Journal
                    I find the fact that New Orleans didn't include school buses in their evacuation plan (did they have one?!) discusting.
                    The school buses were part of the evac plan, ask why they were neatly parked and padlocked untill they were covered with 5 feet of water instead.

                    Ask what the mayor was waiting for; ask why the governor took so long to declair an official emergency so the feds would have dictatorial power to do the right thing, ask why the state turned away a red cross convoy bringing blankets, food, water and generaters to the superdome
    • Fantastic, we'll just pack it in dry ice (to keep it cold) and ship it to third world countries. Problem solved!
      • Re:Hrm. (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Sheriff Fatman (602092) * on Monday September 12 2005, @05:25PM (#13541796) Homepage

        You jest, but truth is stranger than fiction...

        During the first half of the nineteenth century, an enterprising Boston chap by name of Frederic Tudor made his name - and his fortune -harvesting enormous chunks of ice from frozen lakes in Massachusetts, packing them into sailing ships insulated with sawdust (supplied by the Maine timber-mills), and exporting them around the world. By the time artificial refrigeration marked the end the "frozen water trade" in the mid 1800s, they were sending 100-ton shipments of ice as far afield as the Caribbean and Calcutta.

        The whole story is told in Gavin Weightman's The Frozen Water Trade [amazon.com], if you want to know more.

    • Re:Hrm. (Score:4, Funny)

      by peculiarmethod (301094) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:24PM (#13540673) Journal
      In San Diego, we just take our beer to the beach and talk to the nearest bikini. Instant freeze.
    • Re:Hrm. (Score:5, Interesting)

      by stienman (51024) <[moc.scisabu] [ta] [sivada]> on Monday September 12 2005, @03:50PM (#13540928) Homepage Journal
      The ancient egyptians did the same. In the desert [google.com].

      If you build a solar reflector, but only employ it at night the items inside will become cold, and can attain temperatures below freezing.

      Doesn't work as well on cloudy nights (you are essentially 'beaming' the heat out into the great heatsink called space) and it has to be well insulated from the environment around it (ground, air, etc).

      -Adam
        • Re:Hrm. (Score:5, Informative)

          by stienman (51024) <[moc.scisabu] [ta] [sivada]> on Monday September 12 2005, @05:06PM (#13541629) Homepage Journal
          From a section on the solar funnel cooker [solarcooking.org] website:

          ------
          In September 1999, we placed two funnels out in the evening, with double-bagged jars inside. One jar was on a block of wood and the other was suspended in the funnel using fishing line. The temperature that evening (in Provo, Utah) was 78 F. Using a Radio Shack indoor/outdoor thermometer, a BYU student (Colter Paulson) measured the temperature inside the funnel and outside in the open air. He found that the temperature of the air inside the funnel dropped quickly by about 15 degrees, as its heat was radiated upwards in the clear sky. That night, the minimum outdoor air temperature measured was 47.5 degrees - but the water in both jars had ICE. I invite others to try this, and please let me know if you get ice at 55 or even 60 degrees outside air temperature (minimum at night). A black PVC container may work even better than a black-painted jar, since PVC is a good infrared radiator - these matters are still being studied.

          I would like to see the "Funnel Refrigerator" tried in desert climates, especially where freezing temperatures are rarely reached. It should be possible in this way to cheaply make ice for Hutus in Rwanda and for aborigines in Australia, without using any electricity or other modern "tricks." We are in effect bringing some of the cold of space to a little corner on earth. Please let me know how this works for you.
          ------

          This is an experiment you can conduct yourself. It may be that without advanced insulation (maybe straw wasn't enough?) one couldn't obtain ice in the desert, but given good modern materials the physics suggests that it would work well.

          -Adam
            • Re:Hrm. (Score:5, Informative)

              by stienman (51024) <[moc.scisabu] [ta] [sivada]> on Monday September 12 2005, @05:52PM (#13542016) Homepage Journal
              There are several ways to move heat energy. The method being demonstrated here is infrared radiation. All things radiate and accept radiant infrared [wikipedia.org] heat, which is slightly different than infrared light.

              All other things being equal, if an object is absorbing more infrared heat radiation than it is releasing, then it gains heat. This one of the forms of radiation the sun puts out that heats the earth's surface (though lots of radiation is harmlessly bounced off the atmosphere or converted before it reaches the ground).

              Since the clear night sky contributes little radiation to the earth the earth's surface radiates and cools off more quickly than it heats up. By using reflectors one can increase the surface area of the radiation and gain greater cooling, just as solar collectors with reflectors can gain greater energy with the sun shining on them.

              -Adam
      • Re:Hrm. (Score:5, Funny)

        by Tackhead (54550) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:48PM (#13540902)
        > Yes, but will it make Vanilla Ice...?
        Rollin', in my 5.0 with the top left back so my hair can blow...

        I dunno. Let's find out.

        Rollin'... in my 5.0,
        With my rag top down so my hair can blow,
        The voltage is on standby, costs of icin' too high,
        (Did you stop?) No, I just froze, by
        Freon - pursuin' temp'rature drop,
        Compressor's dead, yo, so I continued to,
        George J. Ranque, Hilsch-Ranque vortex tube!

        Peltier's hot, like electrical bikinis,
        And I got no voltage from the Lamborghinis,
        Warmin' - cause I'm out thawin' mine,
        Got my compressor gauge, readin' PSI "9"
        Vaccuum - for the mods on the wall,
        Mods are actin' ill because they had their 8 LOLs
        Hissin' - through the compressor shell,
        I clamped the hose, but it was shot to hell,
        Ozone - burnin' up like real fast,
        Registration link at time-mag suckin' goat ass
        Readin' the Wiki, the 'pedia's packed,
        Thermodynamics 'bout how the fridge is jacked.

        Third law on the scene - you know what I mean,
        A million RPM? Efficiency is unseen,
        If it's a solution, this don't solve it
        Pump out the heat while the Hilsch-Ranque revolves it

        (Vanilla) Ice Ice Geeky, too cold...

  • by technoextreme (885694) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:05PM (#13540480)
    How about we try and ensure we give them clean water first. The only use for this is in refrigerators and keeping food fresh.
    • by Khashishi (775369) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:22PM (#13540652) Journal
      freezing water causes a lot of impurities to come out, so these are not contrary goals. Keeping food fresh is pretty important, though.
        • by Idarubicin (579475) <allsquiet@NOspAm.hotmail.com> on Monday September 12 2005, @04:21PM (#13541217) Journal
          really ? so where do the impurities go ? thin air ? i guess those (Art/Antart)ic scientists are wasting their time looking at ice cores if those impurities just dissapear when you freeze water

          1. A freeze/thaw cycle kills many (not all) microorganisms--ice crystals shred cell membranes, and freezing can mangle the protein coat on viruses. A number of tropical parasitic organisms aren't well adapted to the cold, either.

          2. You can remove some dissolved chemical contaminants if you don't freeze all the water. As water freezes, the assembly of regular ice crystals tends to force impurities out into the remaining liquid. If you stop after you've frozen four-fifths of the water, then you can throw out that last twenty percent that contains the concentrated contaminants. Ice that forms on bodies of salt water is almost pure water, because the salt is driven into the liquid phase by the freezing process.


    • The only use for this is in refrigerators and keeping food fresh.

      Which is a major advance of civilization. It's not as if all areas that lack electricity are equal. Some already have clean water, but a lack of refrigeration would allow more local storage of perishable food for one thing. I'm sure there's many other benefits to the economy I'm not aware of.
  • by DogDude (805747) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:06PM (#13540493) Homepage
    I think that we all know that it's already been tried, and baaaad things happened as a result:
    http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0091557/ [imdb.com]
  • I read TFA, and... (Score:5, Informative)

    by arhines (620963) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:10PM (#13540529) Homepage
    ... Time really needs to get its story straight with regards to scientific reporting. This method is a) not innovative b) not practical and c) REQUIRES SIGNIFICANT ENERGY INPUT. Vortex tubes have been around forever, and they are not some form of perpetual motion. It is a well-understood effect, and one which does not violate any of thermodynamics. You put in a lot of energy via compressed air, and get output in the form of a thermal differential. The key point is that you need a lot of high pressure input...where is this going to come from? Electricity. Unless you use a combustion engine to turn the crank on a compressor, in which case that's your energy source. What are villagers in rural india going to do? Blow really hard through the tube?
    • by Lumpy (12016) on Monday September 12 2005, @04:01PM (#13541023) Homepage
      and let's ignore that it's worthless.

      I make ice and keep things cold EVERY time I go camping without electricity. in fact I make a fire to make things cold.

      that type of freezer/fridge has been around for decades and are pretty efficient now compared to electric units.

      I use maybe 10 pounds of Propane to run my RV fridge for 3 months straight.

      I'm all for inventing new ways of doing it, but to "help the poor in africa" is not the way to try out new stuff.

      give them a fridge with a coil plate they can build a fire under or will allow an oil lamp burner to keep it running (yes this works) and use that old tech that simply works.
  • by mikew03 (186778) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:11PM (#13540547)
    If you can spin something at 1,000,000 RPM why not spin a copper coil inside a magnetic field and make electricity instead? Quite useful stuff I've heard.
    • by RapmasterT (787426) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:19PM (#13540620)
      If you can spin something at 1,000,000 RPM why not spin a copper coil inside a magnetic field and make electricity instead? Quite useful stuff I've heard.
      BINGO!!! We have a winner of the "Find the Logic Hole in the Seemingly Reasonable Idea" game!

      There's a reson why electicity is a freakin' universal component of modern societies people. It's EASY to produce, so easy that's it's just about goddamn trivial since there's dozens of different ways to go about it, and NONE of them involve ridiculously ineffcient and complex methods like "ice without electricity" does.

      Hell, why not work on "masturbation without enjoyment" too, that should be just as useful.

      • by Sialagogue (246874) <sialagogueNO@SPAMgmail.com> on Monday September 12 2005, @03:42PM (#13540856)

        Or, we have found First and Second Prize winners in the "Talk out your ass without knowing anything" game.

        If either one of you had bothered to look into this device for even a moment, oh I don't know, maybe here [cockerill.net] for example, you'd know that they aren't spinning anything at a million RPM. It is a device that has no moving parts. Basically, and I'll boil it down for you, you blow in one end and two streams come out, one hotter and one colder. It's the vortex inside that can reach a million RPM.

        If you can find a way (and this, I assume, is what he's still working on) to get enough air through it then you can get the cold stream very cold indeed, which is useful.

        I've never been to anywhere that qualifies as Third-World, but I assume that simple is better. With no moving parts this is as simple as it gets, if a way can be found to get enough gas through it. Perhaps it's wind, or volcanic gases, or storing composting gas, or simply the hot air generated by your armchair engineering, the point is that he's looking into it to try to help people, and you didn't look into it and are helping no one.

        • by brarrr (99867) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:58PM (#13540992) Journal
          I'm sorry but I have to submit that this dude's slashdot account be revoked. A flame that is well reasoned, correct, and sufficiently mocking? That's not only improbable, it's probably a sign of coming apocalypse. What are, you, some kind of super-human? Or are you an engineer? .... avoiding my usual grad student drudgery....
      • I always get a kick out of things like that.

        a car alternator can be ad anywhere, fix a sproket to it, modify a bike and BINGO!! you have a electricity generator. get tricky and put a battery and a 12V inverter in the mix (all of which can be had extremely cheap and easily acquired in any country) and you have what you need to run a plethora of electrical devices.

        everyone keeps missing one really important thing.
        most everyone in villages in africa could care less if they had electricity. they have lived fo
  • by Anonymous Monkey (795756) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:12PM (#13540556)
    I read the article, and the wikipeda entry, and am left with a question. Without electricity and fule how do we get the compressed gas to run this thing?
  • Why try to develop something entirely new, with the resulting time and money requirements? A few solar cells + Peltier coolers + some insulation and an ice tray. Yes, Peltiers are inefficient... but they're solid-state, at least, which I think ought to do for remote areas as far as durability. I would think you could assemble a decent mini-freezer out of things portable enough to carry anywhere:

    1) Flexible solar panels (less efficient but more portable than glass)
    2) A handful of Peltiers... they're pretty small
    3) A couple of cans of "Great Stuff" spray-in insulation, or cans of A-B component expanding insulation

    One of my friends went to Peru to assemble a non-electric solar water purifier, and anything they couldn't carry on their backs on 30-mile-a-day hikes for a week didn't go. Now that's a design constraint!
  • by HPNpilot (735362) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:24PM (#13540670) Homepage
    Couldn't read the full article as it is now "premium content" but if you can make compressed air you can make electricity, and use that electricity for more than refrigeration. The comments about the vortex tubes' inefficiency are correct, so even if you figure the inefficiencies of (solar/labor/water power) to electric then operation of either a freon or Peltier cooler, you are better off.


    If someone wants to do something really interesting for the third world, make an adsorbtion freezer using solar concentrators for the heat source. This article discusses some issues: http://me.sjtu.edu.cn/english/scientific_research/ tpad.htm [sjtu.edu.cn]
  • Full article (Score:3, Informative)

    by nstrom (152310) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:26PM (#13540691)
    The full article seems to be available in the print-only version here:
    http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816, 1101299,00.html [time.com]

    You're not missing much, though -- I'm guessing this one was a sidebar blurb, as it's only two paragraphs anyways.
  • by chill (34294) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:28PM (#13540715) Homepage Journal
    The Romans used to make ice in the deserts of Palestine and North Africa. It seems to me they were around before electricity and Frigidaire.

    http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/nov99/9417235 40.Sh.r.html [madsci.org]

    Of course, the large temperature difference between the day and night in the desert it what drives it. That method probably won't work in tropical climates.

      -Charles
    • by value_added (719364) on Monday September 12 2005, @04:00PM (#13541012)
      The Romans used to make ice in the deserts of Palestine and North Africa. It seems to me they were around before electricity and Frigidaire.

      All right, but apart from the sanitation, the medicine, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, a fresh water system, public health, and making ice without electricity, what have the Romans ever done for us?
      • "All right, but apart from the sanitation, the medicine, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, a fresh water system, public health, and making ice without electricity, what have the Romans ever done for us?"

        They arranged for the disposal of that inconvenient rebel known as 'The Christ'?
  • by Cyclotron_Boy (708254) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:34PM (#13540770) Homepage
    For those who didn't read TFA, and haven't ever read about the operation of these devices, Tim Cockerill [cockerill.net] wrote his thesis [cockerill.net] about them. He provides an excellent reference for the thermodynamic operation of these devices. You can put down your tinfoil hats, as they do obey classical thermodynamics perfectly well.
  • by dwight0 (513303) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:34PM (#13540773) Homepage
    here is a picture of one. it makes it easier to see how it works.
    HERE [google.com]
  • 1.000.000 RPM (Score:3, Interesting)

    by slashflood (697891) <.flow. .at. .howflow.com.> on Monday September 12 2005, @03:34PM (#13540777) Homepage Journal
    How can you rotate anything without moving parts???

    10000000 rpm could be acheivd with mules and huge gears?

    To make that "high rate of rotation (over 1,000,000 rpm)." Better use the ice on your legs after.

    If you press a gas into a cylinder with a specific angle, it starts to rotate at a very high rpm. Here is the construction [freeserve.co.uk].

    Please RTFM first.
  • by RealityMogul (663835) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:34PM (#13540779)
    Create a 10 mile high structure. Send water to top. Bring ice back down.
  • by DaoudaW (533025) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:54PM (#13540965)
    Back when I lived in an African village, 1989-92, we had a kerosene refrigerator. All I had to do was trim the wick occasionally and keep feeding it fossil fuel and it kept things cold/frozen for me. A co-worker of mine in another location converted his to burn butane by putting a bunsen burner in place of the kerosene wick.

    Although we certainly used our fridge for food and ice, it was also very important to refrigerate meds for the clinic in our village.
  • by Comatose51 (687974) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:55PM (#13540967) Homepage
    Making ice without any electricity happens everytime I try to talk to a girl.
    • by SiliconEntity (448450) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:09PM (#13540524)
      How can you rotate anything without moving parts?

      The gas moves into the chamber under pressure. The chamber is shaped to send the gas into a whirling vortex. Then the hot molecules go one way and the cold ones go the other. But I think it takes very high pressures to produce the required speeds.
    • by geeber (520231) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:12PM (#13540558)
      According to the article this method doesn't require electricity. Then where does the energy to generate the required volume of compressed air come from? Hand pumps?
      • That is exactly what I was thinking. If you need compressed gas for it to work where is the enegry coming from to compress it? I doubt any hand operated device will produce any results. If the system were engine driven and the vortex tube is so inefficent, then why not just use an engine to drive a compressor? Better yet run a generator to run a real more efficent refrigeration system? Maybe even a solar array to do away with fuel costs. the only benefit this presents is the elimination of moving parts so i
      • by budgenator (254554) on Monday September 12 2005, @05:46PM (#13541973) Journal
        After I got out of the Army and before I went to college I used to sand-blast paint off bridges for the county. In our setup we wore a hard helmet which was presurized to keep the toxic dust out, heavy metal pigmented paint and silica dust and the helmet were persurized through a demon tube, an other name for the Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube. this kept us pretty cool while working in 90 degree heat wearing heavy gloves and two sweatshirts for padding. The set up used no electricity, but the diesel engined air-compressor probably would have put out 120KW if hooked to a generator instead of a compressor.

        If I wanted to make ice in a place like back-woods Hati; I think a solar-collector connected to a couple stirling engines would be the way to go, one engine makes kinetic energy from the solar heat, the second refirgerates form the kinetic input of the first engine; sterling refrigerators are capable of acheiving cryogenic temeratures
      • No the time machine wasn't powered by steam (if you're referring to BTTF:III), the whole steam loco was used to get the car up to the required 88 miles per hour, not to generate the power for the flux capacitor.
    • by MajorDick (735308) on Monday September 12 2005, @03:43PM (#13540870)
      My mothers house has 2 ammonia Air Conditioning units built in the mid to late 40's they were "Overage" for a bank and made their way into my grandfathers new home, since it is a hot water heated house its great, let me tell you these things will even chill the upstairs of the house , at 2000 ish square feet to push cold up is not a bad trick, the volume they output is the key.

      The funny part ? They still work flawlessly, and have not been serviced since at least 1977 ( In know this for a fact as thats when my grandad passed away)

      Their electric consumption is actually minimal, running both all month equates to about a 60$ electricity increase. Unreal if you ask me, I kept thinking we were on an electric budget the first summer I fired em up in 20 years as it was way to hot for my grandma without air so I told her I would cover the bill. it never went up....

      The beauty is these units will spill the ammonia outsie through the exhaust should the coils ever rupture (I doubt it since they are about 1/8 in thick copper :) Designed well, and built like German tanks...