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Cometary Fireworks Go Off Without Hitch

Posted by Zonk on Mon Jul 04, 2005 07:01 AM
from the waaay-better-than-the-movie dept.
PingXao writes "The JPL Deep Impact mission has successfully slammed a sattelite into Tempel 1 at 23,000 mph. (37,000 kph). The autonomous navigation system was primed for up to 3 course corrections in the final 2 hours of flight but only had to execute two of them. The second was so small - expending less than a pound of propellant - that impact would have occurred without it. Initially thought to be shaped like a pickle, it came to resemble more of a banana shape as comet Tempel I drew closer. Impact was estimated to have released 19 Gigajoules of energy, or the equivalent of 4.5 tons of TNT."
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[+] Comet Probes Given New Duties 48 comments
iamlucky13 writes "In January of 2004, the NASA's Stardust mission made a flyby of comet Wild-2, taking images and collecting samples from its tail that have since been returned to earth in a detachable capsule. On July 4, 2005, Deep Impact smashed a 350 kg projectile traveling 37,000 km/h into comet Tempel 1 as part of its studies of that object. With both craft in good shape at the end of their missions, NASA has been considering additional tasks for the probes. These plans have now been confirmed with a variety of tasks costing an estimated 15% what a new mission would. Among the new duties will be a revisit of Tempel 1, a flyby of comet Boethin, and transit studies of known extra-solar planets."
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  • by TheKidWho (705796) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:05AM (#12978689)
    No stars in the backgrounds? this most obviously be a hoax created by our American Overlords just like the moon landings! Those tricky bastards won't trick ME again!
      • Don't be so uptight about your typo. It's not like there aren't any in the article summary itself:
        PingXao writes "The JPL Deep Impact mission has successfully slammed a sattelite into Tempel 1
        Is it too much to expect the editors to, um, *edit* the stories?
              • Simple answer - "Its dead, Jim".

                Pedantic answer: orbit == complete circuit. It didn't do even half an orbit http://deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/factsheet-t ext.html [nasa.gov]

                To say it was orbiting around the sun when it didn't even go half-way would be like me saying I walked around the block when I just went to the corner, or that Alan Shepards sub-orbital flight was an "orbit". What it did was sub-orbital.

                Definition http://www.answers.com/orbit&r=67 [answers.com]

                1. The path of a celestial body or an artificial satellite as it revolves around another body.

                2. One complete revolution of such a body.
                Now, it might be nit-picking, but it didn't "revolve around" any body - its "orbit" was really just an arc that started and completed in under 1 revolution. If it had taken 1 or more revolutions to complete the mission, then you could have said it had, in fact, orbited the sun. Pedantic, but wtf, this is slashdot, and this is the sort of "angels on a pinhead" argument that gets people to bite :-)
  • by Ihlosi (895663) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:06AM (#12978690)
    ... what did the explosion sound like.

    Seems like NASA has missed the chance to answer this profound question raised by Sci-Fi enthusiast by not putting a microphone onboard the flyby probe.
      • by kfg (145172) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:43AM (#12978859)
        don't you need a gas to record sound?

        Nope, you need a medium to transmit vibrations. Whales do just fine with a fluid, in fact a fluid is better, because it's denser. More molecules in closer contact. They "talk" to each other across hundreds of miles using low frequencies. That would be the whales. Molecules don't talk. They don't even "talk." Don't anthropomorphize molecules. They hate that.

        Solids work great too. A microphone on the probe would have recorded a sound.

        A microphone next to the probe would not, because because an insufficiently dense medium, like a gas, to carry the vibration.

        KFG
            • by Cecil (37810) on Monday July 04 2005, @11:13AM (#12979984) Homepage
              You are absolutely wrong. Gasses are fluids. Fluid is a term used to describe both gasses and liquids. Surface tension is unique to liquids. It has nothing to do with being a fluid.

              Definition [answers.com]:

              fluid
              n.

              A continuous, amorphous substance whose molecules move freely past one another and that has the tendency to assume the shape of its container; a liquid or gas.
  • A mini-animation (Score:4, Informative)

    by RobotWisdom (25776) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:07AM (#12978697) Homepage
    Just because no one else has, yet: inept animated gif [robotwisdom.com]
    • Re:A mini-animation (Score:5, Informative)

      by Ford Prefect (8777) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:17AM (#12978743) Homepage
      Also a pretty cool, official NASA Quicktime movie from the impactor's camera [nasa.gov] - kind of wobbly and jerky, but nifty nevertheless.

      I think it contains what are by far the best, and closest pictures of a comet nucleus - and I've no idea if it's from 'final' data yet. I gather there's a lot left to download from the flyby probe, but was it a Huygens-Cassini style relay setup or was impactor data received directly on Earth? If it's the latter, I suppose there isn't much chance of retrieving any more of the close-up data, as the delicate hardware stuck to the impactor's copper mass must have made quite a splat... ;-)
      • If the probe is travelling at 37,000 kph that's what, about 10.3 km/sec. Whoa, that comet is absolutely huge and the camera has an incredible number of frames/second. I guess if you know the radius of the comet and the speed of the probe you could calculate time it took for the whole series and thus the FPS on the camera...since I don't think the "movie" is in "realtime" (there are far too many "close up" shots compared to "far away" shots, as if the probe had slowed down or the camera was speeded up). It a
        • It says in the caption that the movie is just a slideshow of stills. I'm guessing they included more close-up ones because it would be more interesting (and shorter) that way.
          • Fixed point in space?

            I think we have a potential solution to all those orbital corrections on the ISS. We simply need to find one of those "fixed points in space" and anchor the station to one, thus keeping it forever still. Additionally, we'll be able to figure out which way the earth/sun/galaxy/universe/etc is moving once and for all once we see which way the station flies off after being anchored...

            (Yes, I'm guessing (and hoping) that you were being sarcastic about that one. I just couldn't resist
  • PWND!!11 (Score:5, Funny)

    by Mahou (873114) <`made_up_address_' `at' `hotmail.com'> on Monday July 04 2005, @07:12AM (#12978719) Journal
    NASA headshots Tempel 1 >(x.x)-
  • With all that outgassing, you would think a comet's surface would be a lot more sharp -- full of crevasses and ridges (like it was on Deep Impact) But this one seemed almost smooth, like an asteroid. I wonder if this will change the theory of how comets are constructed?

    Ugliest Dog I Ever Saw [whattofix.com]

    • > With all that outgassing, you would think a comet's surface would be a lot more sharp -- full of crevasses and ridges (like it was on Deep Impact) But this one seemed almost smooth, like an asteroid.

      Some of the final picture before impact showed what looked like big chunks, perhaps glued together by snow.

      I wonder whether the outgassing weakens it enough to "melt" to a new configuration each time it passes the sun.

  • Result (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Robotron23 (832528) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:15AM (#12978737)
    This is quite likely the finest result Nasa has had for a long time. To quote a professor who was quite surprised by the event :

    "It was like mosquito hitting a 747. What we've found is that the mosquito didn't splat on the surface, it's actually gone through the windscreen."

    The photos too, are quite amazing. A huge amount of stellar dust, ice, and rock exploded out of Tempel 1's surface. All from the impact of a probe just the size of a washing machine.

    Over the following few days, the second module of the mission will further analyse the materials ejected from the comet, and it is believed scientists will discover much about the creation of the universe (some of the material hasn't been disturbed in over 4 billion years) and the composition of comets in general over the next few months as they complete their analysis of this great event.
  • Last Words (Score:5, Funny)

    by MichaelSmith (789609) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:15AM (#12978738) Homepage Journal

    I wonder if it will be friends with me?

  • OR... (Score:4, Funny)

    by dawnread (851254) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:19AM (#12978750)
    "Impact was estimated to have released 19 Gigajoules of energy, or the equivalent of 4.5 tons of TNT."

    Or the equivalent of a Supersized meal from McDonalds...

  • by DiniZuli (621956) <intruder_dk&hotmail,com> on Monday July 04 2005, @07:19AM (#12978754)
    This [ewellobservatory.com] is a gif animation of the impact as observed from the Lowell Observatory.
  • by SirFozzie (442268) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:23AM (#12978772)
    Where was the loud, comet shattering kaboom? I'll tell you what, Mars will not be happy when they hear this, or that they didn't hear this.

    Oh Well. Guess next time I will have to use an Illudium-Q-36 Space Modulator.

    (toddles off)
  • by mike1086 (188761) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:27AM (#12978792)
    Did someone think this wouldn't work?

    NASA have proven quite adept at smashing space craft into various celestial bodies.

    Oh hang on...maybe they weren't suppose to do that!
  • A Russian astrologist who says NASA has altered her horoscope by crashing a spacecraft into a comet is suing the U.S. space agency for damages of $300 million.
    http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200507/s14066 93.htm [abc.net.au]
    http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/space/07/04/deep. impact.sues.reut/ [cnn.com]
  • by zarkzervo (634677) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:33AM (#12978820) Homepage Journal
    "came to resemble more of a banana shape

    Sir Bedevere: ...and that, my liege, is how we know the Earth to be banana shaped.
    King Arthur: This new learning amazes me, Sir Bedevere. Explain again how sheep's bladders may be employed to prevent earthquakes.

    (Okay! I know it is not about the Earth, but anyway...)

  • Size (Score:5, Funny)

    by PhotoGuy (189467) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:37AM (#12978832) Homepage
    "Washing machine sized", they say. I'm lost, help me out here. That must be a tecchie unit of measurement that is only used internally by NASA or something. Can someone put that in terms of "Volkswagens" or "Libraries of Congress" for me?

    Maybe the Unix "units" program will do it for me.

    Let's see:

    $ units
    1989 units, 71 prefixes, 32 nonlinear units

    You have: washingmachine
    You want: volkswagen
    * 0.25
    / 4

    You have: washingmachine
    You want: librariesofcongress
    * 0.0001
    / 10000

    Ah, now I can visual it.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday July 04 2005, @07:47AM (#12978873)
    Is this the day the comet people, after an uprovoked robotic suicide bombing, begin their war on the people of earth? After all, the freedom of the Oort cloud is at stake.
  • by BigYawn (842342) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:48AM (#12978880)
    Nasa just released the results of their collision experiment:

    Tempel: 1
    Impactor: 0

  • by hyfe (641811) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:54AM (#12978900)
    http://us.cnn.com/ [cnn.com] US headline: 'Smashing success': Probe crashes on comet

    http://edition.cnn.com/ [cnn.com] International headline: 'NASA probe collides with comet'

    So CNN has an official policy of only providing cheesy headlines to Americans? That's a policy I can live with though.

      • by Xshare (762241) on Monday July 04 2005, @09:57AM (#12979536) Homepage
        I'm surprised; I expected "US unilaterally invades comet".

        "After intense negotiations, the comet has been deemed a threat to national security. The freedom-hating comet bowed down to the vastly superior US forces. The White House says that this is a direct response to 9/11."
  • by hazman (642790) on Monday July 04 2005, @08:22AM (#12979039)
    until we send manned probes crashing into comets.
  • Seems the electrical universe people haven't had time to update their website [thunderbolts.info] about their prediction about the results [slashdot.org]. IIRC, they were saying that the results would be much less spectacular than predicted, and yet a few hours ago I heard some of the NASA people expressing surprise because the impact released a lot more material than most of them expected. The electric universe proponents also seemed to think that the impactor electrical systems would fail before it reached the comet (because of "megalightning" and all that), while they seem to have have lasted right up until the impact.

    So....will they do the right thing and modify their theory to fit the observations, or will we be treated to a lot of hand-wringing about how the theory actually predicted this result (but us non-electrodynamical people just don't understand the theory and its implications)?

    And will /. post a follow-up article about the electric universe proponents' reaction to the results, or is that not news for nerds?

    • by i41Overlord (829913) on Monday July 04 2005, @11:02AM (#12979940)
      I took a look at that website and I can see that they're a bunch of loons. It surprises me when I read websites made by someone who obviously has a good grasp on math and science, but apparently little to no grasp on reality. I find it strange that people can turn out that way.

      What's the name of that condition? They can accurately calculate the energy released when they open a bottle of soda, but when they can't find a belonging of theirs, the notion that a space alien came by and collected it for testing seems just as plausible to them as the possibility that they just misplaced it. No grasp on reality.
  • by Snowhare (263311) on Monday July 04 2005, @10:26AM (#12979731) Homepage
    No, really: Tunguska [wikipedia.org], June 30th 1908. :)
  • Next Time (Score:4, Insightful)

    by jmichaelg (148257) on Monday July 04 2005, @11:17AM (#12980011)
    It was a very impressive achievement. We need to do a lot more of these missions so we have an adequate sample of what comets look like because, scoff if you will, eventually earth will be endangered by one. If we have a sample of several comets we can make reasonable plans as to how to deflect them. Right now we have a sample of one.

    Next time would be better if:

    • There's enough fuel on the mother ship to drop the impactor and then get out of harm's way to turn around to match speeds with the comet. The mother ship can linger over the crater for years watching the newly formed crater evolve.
    • The mother could land another drop ship in the newly excavated crater to give us a closeup of the comet's interior.
    • Deploy several microprobes that have little seismometers on them. As the comet outgasses, the seimic waves will give us information as to how the comet's interior is structured. Each seismometer could be powered with a small atomic battery [technologyreview.com] which would enable it to operate for years and provide ample power to broadcast the seismometer's readings to the mother ship.
    • Make sure the equipment functions properly before it's launched. Blurry hi res photos because someone forgot to calibrate the equipment or parachutes that fail to open over Utah because they're installed backwards aren't ok.
    • Re:4.5Kt, surely? (Score:5, Informative)

      by BenjyD (316700) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:10AM (#12978707)
      1 tonne of TNT = 4.184 x 10^9 joule = 4.184 Gigajoules/tonne

      19/4.184 ~ 4.5 tonnes TNT

      TNT has a lot of energy :-)
      • TNT has a lot of energy :-)

        Yes, it's just that the news last night said "about 5 kilotonnes", so does that mean that the 4GJ figure is wrong or was the news...Actually why don't we just calculate it:

        .5*372Kg*(37000Km/hr=10000m/s)^2 -> 18.6GJ.

        So, the news was wrong. Fair enough.

        TWW

      • by Jesus_666 (702802) on Monday July 04 2005, @08:53AM (#12979179)
        1 Kcal = 4186 J
        1 Snickers contains 280 Kcal = 1172080 J = 0.00117208 GJ
        19 / 0.00117208 ~ 16210.5 Snickers

        So the amount of energy released is the equivalent of about 16.2 Megasnickers.
        • by gstoddart (321705) on Monday July 04 2005, @02:04PM (#12980855) Homepage
          1 Kcal = 4186 J
          1 Snickers contains 280 Kcal = 1172080 J = 0.00117208 GJ
          19 / 0.00117208 ~ 16210.5 Snickers

          So the amount of energy released is the equivalent of about 16.2 Megasnickers.

          Hmmm ... that looks like 16 thousand ... wouldn't that be Kilosnickers??

          Megasnickers-level detonations are still a few years away with current technology. ;-P

      • Re:4.5Kt, surely? (Score:5, Informative)

        by Ford Prefect (8777) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:23AM (#12978776) Homepage
        btw: The pictures are just breathtaking... on them it really looks like 4.5kt (which is a testemony of the amazing light collection power of current telescopes and quantum efficiency of CCD arrays)

        I wouldn't be surprised if a lot of the apparent 'explosion' visible in the images is due to sunlight illuminating the plume of dust produced by the impact. Comet nuclei are pretty dark, so I suppose the exposure times were probably cranked right up to see anything of the nucleus itself.

        This is all guesswork, of course, but I remember a similar explanation of the 'explosions' visible when the Shoemaker Levy 9 comet fragments hit Jupiter [nasa.gov]. Mankind has kind of built our own tiny version of that!

        Of course, the above could all be utterly incorrect... :-)
    • by Black Parrot (19622) on Monday July 04 2005, @07:14AM (#12978735)


      > If the internal makeup of this comet does represent the compounds present at the start of the solar system, there could be some serious head scratching and changing of theories going on if amino acids are found, let alone any more complex organic compounds like RNA/DNA, however unlikely.

      We already know that amino acids are present in deep space. Slightly more complex molecules too, IIRC.

      Of course, that just means they're relatively easy to form by non-biological processes, so it doesn't necessarily follow that they originated on earth by falling from space.

      • It's not the explosion that detects the presence of organic compounds but the observations you can make about the generated blast debris. Either mid or infra-red spectroscopy or radio emissions reveal what compounds are present by their signatures.

        Think CSI in space :-)

      • Re:Next! (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Iron Sun (227218) on Monday July 04 2005, @10:12AM (#12979645)

        You mean the Rosetta [esa.int] mission?

        Currently en route to a close rendezvous with comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko, to be followed by releasing a lander (which will use a harpoon to cling to the surface). It was in a position to make distant observations of comet Tempel for the current fireworks show.

        It won't do what you describe but will instead take a roundabout route that will allow it to basically sneak up on the comet.

        Oh, and it's European, not American :-)

    • come on where are our priorities?

      The cost of this mission to you does not represent tax dollars to you. In fact, it's probably tax "cents". Tell me how a few million dollars will end starvation, genocide or ecological collapse? It would just be wasted there, too. At least this way we "waste" it in new and unusual ways and gain knowledge, but I know this is not important to you.
    • by dlevitan (132062) on Monday July 04 2005, @02:34PM (#12980987)
      You obviously don't know what's going on. First of all, most of the data has not been received yet. Its still being transmitted to NASA from the probe. Right now we're only getting low res pictures because that's all that's been sent. The priority right now is data gathering, not data transmittal.
      Second, automated image enhancement is pointless. As an amateur photographer, I know that each picture needs to be optimized manually, and using automatic settings often works, but not always. You'll get good pictures, but not 12 hours after impact. Plus I'm sure much of what they received wasn't good anyway and had to be thrown out.
      Third, you obviously don't know the complexity of these projects. Most of the public doesn't really care about the low resolution pictures - they'll see the high res pictures when they're broadcast by the media. Which means that there's no point for NASA to deal with the 0.1% of the public who think they deserve to get access to those pictures.
      Fourth, I'm really rather insulted by your pompous attitude regarding the people at NASA. No, I don't work at NASA. Nor can I call myself a scientist yet. But I'm an undergraduate physics major and so far my plans are to go on to grad school. Right now I'm spending the summer at the biggest NSF-funded project (not hard to figure out which one it is) and I will tell you that the people who run the project are brilliant and have no time to deal with whiners like you. If you really wanted to work on these kinds of missions, why didn't you dedicate your life to science instead of just whining about how you don't have access to all the data. Because I doubt you can figure out much from the data, and I find your arrogance to be purely insulting.