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Scientists Find Soft Tissue in T-Rex Fossil

Posted by CmdrTaco on Thu Mar 24, 2005 03:41 PM
from the and-it-actually-tasted-like-chicken dept.
douglips writes "Reuters is running a story about a shocking development in paleontology: A T-Rex thigh bone fossil was reluctantly broken to fit in a transport helicopter, and inside soft tissue was found. It appears to include blood vessels and bone cells. Scientists hope to isolate proteins, and perhaps even DNA."
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  • by mycro (633791) * on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:42PM (#12039067) Homepage Journal
    Let the cloning begin!
  • by Goronmon (652094) * on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:43PM (#12039073)
    Now we know that when the cloned T-Rex escapes, if you stand perfectly still it won't see you!
    • by mrtroy (640746) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:45PM (#12039105)
      Now we know that when the cloned T-Rex escapes, if you stand perfectly still it won't see you!

      Also, do NOT run directly to the shitter.

    • by nizo (81281) * on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:53PM (#12039230) Homepage Journal
      As much as I trust TV and the essentially random guesses made by people about something that has been dead for millions of years, I am not sure I want to stand still while being chased by a really big meat-eating dinosaur unless I am reeeaaally extra sure that it won't see me. On the upside I only have to run past the other people who have seen Jurassic Park and are standing still to test if this theory is true or not. If it runs past them I simply freeze, otherwise I can escape while it chomps on the first few unlucky souls to hold still.
      • by the phantom (107624) * on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:10PM (#12039429) Homepage
        You don't have to be the fastest member of the crowd, just faster than the slowest member.
      • by opec (755488) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:11PM (#12039433) Homepage
        As much as I trust TV and the essentially random guesses made by people about something that has been dead for millions of years,

        The detail about T-Rex's having the inability to see moving objects was thrown in by Michael Crichton to support his belief that scientists' filling in the ancient dinosaur DNA gaps with modern-day amphibian DNA would lead to various "features" being transposed across the species. Some amphibians of today truly cannot see inanimate objects.

        This was a necessary plot point in the story... Jurassic Park was designed to continue only with Human support (no natural breeding), but "nature found a way" when the abilities of some amphibians to spontaneously change sexes was found in the JP dinosaurs.

        To recap, it wasn't a random guess... Just a plot twist by a clever author. There's no evidence to suggest that ancient dinosaurs couldn't see inanimate objects. Predators like T-Rex's probably couldn't survive like that.

        • Birds too, I believe, cannot see things that do not move, and birds are believed to be whats left of dinosours as they evolved to today.
          I've read that if it were possible for a human to control the natural eye jitteriness and just focus absolutely still, the image you see would fade away to nothing. The eye needs constant movement to be able to keep updating what you are seeing.
          • by daeley (126313) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:31PM (#12039668) Homepage
            birds are believed to be whats left of dinosours as they evolved to today

            It'd be amusing if the T-Rex had the parrot's vocal abilities to mimic human voices.

            Of course, the only words they'd be exposed to and thus be able to mimic would be various versions of "AAAAAAAAAAAAHHHHHHHH!!!!" and "OH DEAR GOD NORRUUUURRRGGGGLLLE!!!!" and that would just scare other people off.

            A sad life, the T-Rex's.

            Sigh.
  • by CoffeeJedi (90936) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:43PM (#12039074)
    hail our new cloned-DNA T-rex overlor-*CHOMP*

  • Lessons (Score:5, Funny)

    by odano (735445) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:43PM (#12039083)
    If I said it once, I've said it a thousand times...

    Modern helicopters are just too small!
  • Precedent (Score:5, Informative)

    by BWJones (18351) * on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:43PM (#12039084) Homepage Journal
    This is not the first identification of soft protein laden tissue that has been extracted from dinosaur tissue as Mary Schweitzer at North Carolina State University has extracted these tissues from other tissues [newscientist.com] as well, so there is a precedent.

    Of course getting actual DNA from these tissues will be a long shot due to its fragile nature, but protein sequence may prove very informative in letting us define exactly where genetic lineages have gone over evolution.

    • Re:Precedent (Score:5, Informative)

      by mapmaker (140036) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:59PM (#12039301)
      Mary Schweitzer is the scientist in both of these stories. Seems she's got a knack for finding fossilized soft tissue.

      This T-Rex tissue is apparently a bigger deal than the fossilized egg contents she found previously though. From TFA:

      "Preservation of this extent, where you still have this flexibility and transparency, has never been seen in a dinosaur before." Feathers, hair and fossilized egg contents yes, but not truly soft tissue.

      • by Scrameustache (459504) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:39PM (#12039785) Homepage Journal
        Mary Schweitzer is the scientist in both of these stories. Seems she's got a knack for finding fossilized soft tissue.

        "Oh darn, I have yet again rented the small helicopter, what a klutz I am. It seems that will have to cut up this precious fossil that is too large to get on board. Woe is me, had we brought the large helicopter, this here fossile would have been taken to museum without having been chopped up... oh, look at that..."

        Clever lass.
    • by Swamii (594522) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:03PM (#12039355) Homepage
      This is not the first identification of soft protein laden tissue that has been extracted from dinosaur tissue as Mary Schweitzer at North Carolina State University has extracted these tissues from other tissues as well, so there is a precedent.

      Of course getting actual DNA from these tissues will be a long shot due to its fragile nature, but protein sequence may prove very informative in letting us define exactly where genetic lineages have gone over evolution.


      Thanks for spoiling our fun. Can we get back to the Jurassic Park jokes please?
  • We can check for traces of tar, nicotine and other toxins, and scientists will get to end the extinction debate [kidsgrowth.com]. Seriously, might this be the biggest news of the decade? Longer?
  • But how? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by vivin (671928) <vivin,paliath&gmail,com> on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:47PM (#12039135) Homepage Journal
    I'm slightly skeptical. The article talks about soft tissue, but none of the scientists even try to explain how soft tissue could have survived for seventy million years?
    • Re:But how? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by tricops (635353) <tricops1111 AT yahoo DOT com> on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:57PM (#12039278)
      Well, you should take everything with a grain of salt of course, but... if you find a bone and it does have soft tissue, then it has soft tissue whether you have an explanation of how it could be possible or not. The explanation comes after further research. Of course, one of the explanations could be it might not be an actual dinosaur bone, but that one can probably be ruled out pretty quickly if the researchers have any idea what they're doing.
    • A theory (Score:5, Interesting)

      by n1ywb (555767) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:04PM (#12039363) Homepage Journal
      Fossilization is the process of minerals replacing proteins. It requires a wet environment, which is why you usually find fossiles in sedementary rocks that used to be a swamp or mud on the bottom of the ocean or something. Soooooo

      1. Dino dies in swamp
      2. Bone begins to fossilize from outside in
      3. Swamp dries out before fossilization is complete
      4. Crunchy on the outside, chewey on the inside
    • Peat Bogs (Score:5, Informative)

      by jd (1658) <imipakNO@SPAMyahoo.com> on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:14PM (#12039462) Homepage Journal
      Some of the harshest peat bogs are of comparable age to low-grade coals. The difference is that the organic matter has not decomposed, largely because of the large amounts of acid (no, not that kind) and the lack of oxygen.


      In this case, the acidity is unlikely to be a factor, but the totally anaerobic conditions may be. It is possible that any bacteria in the soft tissue simply didn't have what they needed in order to consume the organic material, and therefore didn't. A slight variant on the situation with peat, but essentially the same idea.


      A second option - less likely, but possible - would be a variant on the way fresh produce is kept fresh today. Modern food isn't always kept with preservatives. Rather, the packaging company uses a medium blast from a radioactive caesium isotope. This kills off all of the bacteria present.


      Radioactive materials certainly occur naturally, and there are indeed cases of naturally-occuring nuclear reactors. It is entirely within the realms of possibility that natural radioactivity kept the inside of the bones sterilized, so that organic decay could not take place.


      The odds of that being the case are slim, but not quite none. However, it raises questions on what may be found in areas where such preservation techniques may actually have occured.

  • by skwirl42 (262355) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:49PM (#12039152) Homepage
    It'll be interesting to see if we can find hominid remains in similar states of preservation, so we can learn more about the layout of our evolutionary tree. Then again, a T-Rex bone is huge, and that may be the only reason it managed to keep anything preserved.
  • Fuck (Score:5, Funny)

    by erikharrison (633719) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:49PM (#12039162)
    Anybody got a handy chaos theorist? Anybody? Seriously, I need a chaos theorist, oily hair, glasses, fuzzy math skills, preferably debauched.

    Alternatively do any of you know anything about UNIX systems?
    • Re:Fuck (Score:5, Funny)

      by The-Bus (138060) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:58PM (#12039291) Homepage
      The last chaos theorist we kept around wandered into the teleporation lab and turned into a half-man half-fly.
    • Re:Fuck (Score:5, Funny)

      by nacturation (646836) <nacturation@@@gmail...com> on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:26PM (#12039598) Journal
      Anybody got a handy chaos theorist? Anybody? Seriously, I need a chaos theorist, oily hair, glasses, fuzzy math skills, preferably debauched.

      Alternatively do any of you know anything about UNIX systems?


      No problem. When the T-Rexes start attacking, we can simply get our handy chaos theorist to upload a virus into the mother T-Rex and just pray that the T-Rex is Mac compatible.
    • Re:Fuck (Score:5, Funny)

      by omicronish (750174) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:27PM (#12039620)

      Alternatively do any of you know anything about UNIX systems?

      I watched Jurassic Park in my early teens, and that movie ruined my knowledge of UNIX. For years I thought all UNIX systems had cool graphical UIs like that, and then I tried a real one and was disappointed by these crazy things called "characters". Now I'm a Windows user :(

  • by kalel666 (587116) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:50PM (#12039168)
    Homer: He may be rich, but money can't buy everything!
    Marge: Like what?
    Homer: . . . A Dinosaur!

    I want to be the first 35 year old kid on my block with a T-Rex. Leash laws be damned!
  • by UncleBiggims (526644) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:51PM (#12039185)
    Why would a T-Rex be using Kleenex?

    Hello?... Is this thing on?
  • meaty goodness [msn.com]

    in my professional paleontological opinion (not), it needs a nice marinade

    fre up the BBQ, lets see what T Rex tastes like
  • by Conspiracy_Of_Doves (236787) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:52PM (#12039206)
    WHY did it have to be the DNA of a T-Rex? Why couldn't it have been a nice herbivore, like a stegosaurus, or even better, one of those little chicken-sized dinos?

    Now there's going to be running and screaming, and it's all going to be a big huge mess.
  • Possible viruses? (Score:5, Interesting)

    by PornMaster (749461) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:53PM (#12039216) Homepage
    I'm a little concerned about the possible viruses which may have been dormantly sitting in this soft tissue all along. Who knows what they might be/do?
    • by Bowling Moses (591924) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:46PM (#12039867) Journal
      We've got a 70 million year evolutionary leg up on the little buggers; I'd be stunned if they could induce a case of the sniffles in a person with AIDS. What'd be more interesting would be if (HUGE IF: I'll take any science by press release with a few pounds of salt. This soft tissue business needs to go through peer review before it's credible to any real extent) any were present we could potentially learn a great deal about viral evolution.
  • Forced? (Score:5, Funny)

    by sugapablo (600023) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:56PM (#12039261) Homepage
    "Paleontologists forced to break the creature's massive thighbone to get it on a helicopter..."

    Who was heading this team, Homer Simpson?

    I can just see him now:
    Homer: "Grrr..."
    Lisa: "Dad, it's just too big to fit in there."
    Homer: "Nonsense Lisa, daddy will just shove it in....Grrr....here it goes...." *snap* "...DOH!"

  • by Mirk (184717) <slashdot@NOsPAm.miketaylor.org.uk> on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:02PM (#12039344) Homepage
    There is a rather better write-up of this awesome story on MNSBC, including some rather shocking pictures. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7285683/ [msn.com]
  • by Chairboy (88841) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:03PM (#12039353) Homepage
    First, I think we'll definately see cloned dinosaurs, mammoth, etc within out lives. What I think will surprise people will be the economic pusher for this.

    Sure, researchers will pioneer the basic technology, but the people who do the large scale cloning won't be theme park owners, scientists, or preservationists.

    They'll be food producers.

    We're at the top of the foodchain, and foods like Fugu (deadly blowfish), sushi, and... well, many asian dishes, prove that we're running out of new stuff to eat. There are amazing strides being made by cooks, and there are only so many things people can try before they die of old age, but more and more people are getting adventuresome and want to eat things that nobody else has.

    Enter: The brontoburger.

    Who here hasn't salivated at the thought of carving into a big old dinosaur steak? Who here can forget the longing eyes they cast on Fred Flintstone's car as it tipped over under the weight of the massive dino-ribs he had just ordered?

    Predictions:
    1. Herbivores of various types will be bred in captivity for their meat and leather.
    2. The rich will beat a path to their doorstep for the exclusivity of eating prehistoric food.
    3. In an almost defiant gesture of the universe, the meat will undoubtedly taste like chicken. Dinosaurs are, after all, big ol' birds by most reckoning.

    You may laugh now, but when you're cleaning the last bit of Tony Romas Olde Fashioned Allosaurus (like grandpa used to make 'em) Ribs, remember where you heard it first. Or second, or whenever this message drifted across your desk.
  • by Nevermore-Spoon (610798) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:23PM (#12039551)
    ...the NRA. They have never looked as attractive as they do today...

    The obligitory Matrix Quote
    "We're gonna need Guns...Lots of Guns"
      • Re:Jurassic Park (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Max Threshold (540114) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:51PM (#12039186)
        What if they added bits and pieces of DNA to that of other animals, gradually creating a species that is more and more like a T-Rex? Eventually, they would have a creature that could carry a pure T-Rex embryo.
        • Modes of fossil preservation:

          Soft part preservation - Soft tissues are preserved only under exceptional conditions. Examples include preservation of Siberian Mammoths (freezing in permafrost), Pleistocene cave faunas and older mummified remains (dessication), and insects and small animals preserved in lithified tree sap (amber). Soft parts can also be preserved after being replaced by minerals.

          Original hard parts - Resistant materials such as calcium, silica, and calcium phosphate are sometimes preserved as original hard parts in shells, bones, and teeth.

          Recrystallized hard parts - It is common, however, for original hard parts to be altered during diagenesis and after lithification. Unstable minerals such as aragonite will recrystallize to a more stable form such as calcite. Mineral crystals within an organism's hard parts my regrow to become larger and consolidated. Often recrystallization destroys fine, internal detail within a fossil.

          Carbonization - Organic-laden hard parts and soft parts can be preserved as a thin film of organic carbon. This occurs when the organic material is preserved undecayed through burial. As heat increases throughout burial the volitile components of the organic material (N, O, H, and S) are driven off leaving a thin film of black carbon behind.

          Replacement - Chemical reactions that occur during diagenesis can result in the molecule by molecule replacement of mineral for mineral or mineral for organic tissue. Replacement can often preserve exquisite detail in fossils.

          Silicification - replacement of calcite by silica.

          Pyritization - replacement of calcite or soft tissues with pyrite

          Phosphatization - replacement of low phosphate apatite with high phosphate apatite.

          Permineralization - Porous organic structures such as wood and bone are often preserved by the mineral infilling of the pore spaces. A common way of 'petrifying' wood and dinosaur bone.

          Source [hofstra.edu]

          -----------

          It would have been helpful if the scientists had provided a hypothesis on the preservation of the tissues. I googled this phenomenon and there seems to be a rather broad definition for "soft tissue". Soft Tissue, it appears, can be preserved in many ways (see above). I'm curious as to how this tissue survived micro-organisms, mineralization/calcification, carbonization, or simply, or even dehydration. How was it able to remain soft enough to be squeezed?
        • Re:Jurassic Park (Score:5, Insightful)

          by pla (258480) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:46PM (#12039872) Journal
          Eventually, they would have a creature that could carry a pure T-Rex embryo.

          Kinda shocked that no one else mentioned it yet, but...

          The T-Rex, like most dinosaurs and like most modern lizards, laid eggs.

          If we could get a viable T-Rex zygote, we could almost certainly implant it in the egg of any larger still-living lizard (monitor?) without much difficulty.

          But after this long, even if we found a perfectly preserved T-Rex frozen in ice, it would not have a single viable cell in its body.

          As the best possible outside chance for making a living T-Rex, we might manage to get enough overlapping DNA fragments to piece them together, then manually generate a complete genome for the beastie. Allowing for that (IMO, physically possible if not technologically feasible yet) that, we would still need to get a few intact T-Rex mitochondria, which I suspect will not happen for the same reason we won't find a whole viable T-Rex cell - Namely, DNA breaks down at a relatively steady rate, and after 150 million years, you don't have many long runs of it left intact.
        • by DrStrange66 (654036) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:47PM (#12039887)
          God creates dinosaur.
          God kills dinosaur.
          God creates man.
          Man kills God.
          Man creates dinosaur.
          Dinosaur eats man.
          Woman inherits the earth.
    • Re:Just in time (Score:5, Informative)

      by Tackhead (54550) on Thursday March 24 2005, @03:53PM (#12039233)
      > and the real question everyone wants answered is...
      >
      >does it taste like chicken?

      Considering that birds are the distant descendants of dinosaurs, and considering that the article [newscientist.com] someone else referred to describes traces of proteins from 70M-year-old eggs as bearing "strong similarities to proteins from chicken eggs.", I'd bet good money that the answer is probably "yes".

      The dino in the NewScientist article was a herbivore, and T. Rex was either a carnivore or carrion-eater; so maybe it'll taste more like eagle or vulture.

      Personally, I've never eaten eagle or vulture. Anyone know wha-yeah, I figured as much. Chicken.

    • Re:Young earth (Score:5, Insightful)

      by JohnnyCannuk (19863) on Thursday March 24 2005, @04:08PM (#12039403)
      Or evidence that fossilization and preservation of soft tissues works a bit differently than presumed. The article says that this kind of fossilization has been seen before in eggs and feathers, but not true soft tissue, so it is not unprecidented or completely unknown.

      Remember, there is still lots of other geological evidence that the earth is WAY more than 6000 years old. The find is interesting, but you certainly can't jump to that conclusion from it.

      Of course, using logic isn't the strong suit of the ID\Young Earth\Creationism set anyway, so I fully predict those guys will show up here in force with a bunch of "I told you so" posts, mostly with out actually reading TFA.