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SpaceShipOne Completes Second Test Flight

Posted by CowboyNeal on Thu Apr 08, 2004 05:49 PM
from the making-reed-richards-proud dept.
waynegoode writes "According to an article at Space.com, Scaled Composites' SpaceShipOne suborbital rocket plane made its second powered flight today. The piloted vehicle was powered by a hybrid rocket motor to over 105,000 feet. The engine burned for 40 seconds, zipping to Mach 2. SpaceShipOne is one of several projects competing for the $10 million X Prize. Slashdot mentioned yesterday that it received a license from the FAA, the first license for a suborbital rocket."
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  • Good luck to them! (Score:5, Insightful)

    by erick99 (743982) * <homerun@gmail.com> on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:50PM (#8809739) Homepage
    This is a very exciting project to watch. Clearly Rutan and company are not entirely doing this for the money as they have easily spent more than the $10M prize already. They must be pretty serious as they have applied for DOT/FAA permits, according to the article:

    Just yesterday, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) announced it had issued the world's first license for a sub-orbital manned rocket flight.

    The license was issued April 1 by the DOT's Federal Aviation Administration's Office of Commercial Space Transportation to Scaled Composites. This federal paperwork green-lighted a sequence of sub-orbital flights by Scaled Composites for a one-year period.

    The license to Scaled Composites is the first to authorize piloted flight on a sub-orbital trajectory, the DOT statement noted.

    I hope we are able to witness this "...piloted flight on a sub-orbital trajector.."this year!

    Happy Trails!

    Erick

    • by RedWizzard (192002) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:08PM (#8809938)
      Clearly Rutan and company are not entirely doing this for the money as they have easily spent more than the $10M prize already.
      You are right that Scaled Composites will have spent more than $10M. I've heard that their budget is $30-40M. But they are trying to develop a commercial venture so they are certainly "in it for the money", not the X-Prize (although that will obviously help), but the money to be made in space tourism.
    • by Bobdoer (727516) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:10PM (#8809965) Homepage Journal
      Personally, I hope that SpaceShipOne does much better than RealPlayerOne.
    • Clearly Rutan and company are not entirely doing this for the money as they have easily spent more than the $10M prize already.

      They indeed might not be doing it entirely for the money but that is hardly evidence. From the start I've considered the $10 million to be more of a publicity stunt, an incentive to speed the projects along a little bit, and some startup cash so some company doesn't win and go bankrupt before they start selling tickets. Who ever gets there first is going to get huge publicity an
  • by LostCluster (625375) * on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:52PM (#8809763) Homepage
    As only a casual X-Prize follower, SpaceShipOne is the only X-Prize contestant team name I can come up with off the top of my head now.

    Is there any other team that's anywhere close to keeping SpaceShipOne's pace, or are they now the presumed winner of the X-Prize unless they really stumble?
    • by SpyPlane (733043) on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:57PM (#8809819)
      How about our favorite FPS gaming programmer turned rocketman John Carmack's Armadillo Aerospace?

      http://www.armadilloaerospace.com

      Wow, that was a big possesive noun.
      • by MrBlue VT (245806) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:10PM (#8809961) Homepage
        I've been following Armadillo about every week on their news page for the past year. I like their dedication and method of building a ship.

        They have however spent a lot of time dealing with engine issues. They've already had to go from a 90% peroxide monopropellent design to a 50% peroxide/methanol mixed-monoprop because FNC (one of the few companies that make 90% peroxide) wasn't willing to sell it to them. They've spent a lot more time dealing with designing the engines than they anticipated. Just goes to show, rocket engine design is not simple!

        Other issues include how to get the thing back on the ground safely. They initally planned to use a big ass parachute to land it, but they found out that this really restricts them in terms of getting a launch license. Because there is a possiblity for such huge range drift with the parachute design (thus endangering public safety since it can land in a huge footprint) that they've now had to think about doing a powered landing using the engines. This of course, leaves much less room for error on landing. An alternative would be to have the pilot bail out and parachute down while the ship lands by itself, but again this adds complexity.

        Although I'd love to see them win, the fact is, Rutan is way ahead of them in terms of testing and having a working prototype ship. Basically SS1 is the favorite by quite a bit as of now.
          • If you need powered aluminum, I can get you plenty. All my neighbors drink pop from cans (I'm the strange one on the block who can't stand soda) and most throw them away. Cans are about as pure aluminum as you can get, so I'll just powder them, and then sell to you.

            Okay, so I'll burn the paint off too, and if you like I will use electrolysis to get rid of the Al oxide.

      • blast that!!! I want doomIII NOW!!!
    • by Carnildo (712617) on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:59PM (#8809841) Homepage Journal
      SpaceShipOne is the most likely winner, but Armadillo Aerospace is also trying for a launch this year, and could potentially beat SpaceShipOne.
    • by Mark_Uplanguage (444809) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:46PM (#8810327)
      The real trick to the X prize, if you read the whole article, is that everyone has to get the FAA approval. So if there are any thoughts to other teams forgoing safety to try and beat the clock, think again. Indeed as a long time fan of Rutan, he's been the only real contender in my mind, due to his ability to solve any challenge presented because he thinks completely out of the box. That tail fin which flips up to control descent is a mark of true genius.
      • by budgenator (254554) on Thursday April 08 2004, @07:31PM (#8810694) Journal
        The FAA sub-orbital space flight license is required for U.S. contenders in the X Prize competition.
        The impression I got was that Americans teams needed FAA license, and probably foreign teams opperating in the US. I'd suppose that a Russian team opperating inside Russia would have their own licenses or permits from appropriate Russian agencies. I'm unsure if the X-prise rules specify where the opperation has to take place.
      • Fortunately US pilots have a tradition of experimental planes, and a regulation to place them under. Not everything needed to get into space, but you can work under those rules to do a lot of test flights before you have to get into untested regulatory waters.

        Mind you would be a fool to start with an experimental plane classification and give no hints that you intend to reach farther. Regulators do not like it when you surprise them. However you can work with them in well understood areas, while makin

  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:52PM (#8809766)
    please moderate this comment up for that factor alone.
  • by MBAFK (769131) on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:54PM (#8809781) Homepage
    They have to get to 328,000 feet, seems like they are looking pretty good.
    • They have to get to 328,000 feet, seems like they are looking pretty good.

      I bet this one only went a third of the way because that's about as far up as they can go while still controlling the craft's attitude with control surfaces.

      Power for the rest of the altitude should be no problem, since their engine seems to be working just fine. But they'll need also need their attitude control and reentry heat shielding working to go extra-atmospheric - where they can't just glide down the whole way.

      So first some tests where the limits of the aircraft mode are demonstrated and debugged, followed by tests where the additonal functions are also used.

      One step at a time wins the race. B-)
      • They have reaction control and heat shielding on the craft as of present. The heat shielding was recently added.
      • by Anonymous Coward
        A few months ago I got a behind-the-scenes tour of Scaled Composites facilities in Mojave. Of course the highlight of the day was getting to walk around the hangar where the Space Ship One and White Knight were stored. I can assure you that they have the thermal control and attitude control problems taken care of. Exoatmospheric, they use reaction jet thrusters to orient the spacecraft, just like any manned spacecraft. For the re-entry, the pilot really has to do nothing, just feather the wings and the
        • Because it doesn't reach orbital velocity, the shuttlecock system keeps the speeds down to a reasonable level and heat shielding is minimal.

          Right. Falling into the atmosphere from just above it at a moderate speed is much less heating than hitting it sideways at nearly orbital velocity.

          But while you're still doing atmospheric flight you only have to deal with the friction from the airspeed you need to get your lift - and you have an atmosphere around you to dump it into continuously.

          Once you "pop out" you have the additional energy of your fall back from your peak altitude to flight altitude to deal with. That's a LOT. Any excess of that over the kinetic energy of your flight speed shows up as heat in your skin, mostly in the very short time near the end of the transition from "air might as well not be there" to "thick enough to fly in". This is in ADDITION to the continuous heating of the skin by flight friction - which didn't get much chance to cool by conduction in the near-vacuum of the hump flight.

          If you weren't firing your engines while up in the near-vacuum it's close to a wash - you converted flight kinetic energy to altitude, then back. So it's similar to just the air friction from cruising at the high altitude and speed. If you fired your engines in the near vacuum, the portion of that energy that went into accellerating you comes back as extra heat.

          So it's not as big a problem as with a shuttle (which dumps most of its orbital energy as a couple thousand mile streak of purple ionized ceramic vapor). But it's not trivial either. (Especially since you'll be flying pretty darned fast just before you leave the effective atmosphere if you want to get very far above it.) Thus the recently added heat shielding.
        • According to the rules they only have to have one person actually go up. They have to have accomodation for 3 passengers, but they can substitute an equivalent mass of inert payload instead. Since the ship has to fly twice in two weeks there is a strong incentive for it to make at least the first landing intact.
  • by slakr (604101) * on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:55PM (#8809795)
    This is a really interesting development, and best of luck to these guys. But this quote from the article: "The engine burned for 40 seconds, zipping to Mach 2, or two times the speed of sound, according to a source that witnessed the test flight high above Mojave, California skies." is a little wierd. An unnamed source, who is just credited as a "witness" doesn't sound like the right person to make these sorts of claims.
  • by RedPhoenix (124662) on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:55PM (#8809798)
    Slashdot mentioned yesterday that it received a license from the FAA, the first license for a suborbital rocket.

    Woohoo.. interplanetary takeover. If 'News limited' can have their own satellites, so can we.

    Slashdot, your official lunar news source.

  • by SB9876 (723368) on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:59PM (#8809839)
    Drat, someone beat me on the article submission. At least this time, the editors will finally have a decent reason to reject my submission, though.

    Unless something goes seriously wrong with Scaled's program, it looks they've got the thing pretty much sewn up. The only serious competitors to Scaled right now are Carmack's Armadillo and those craaazy Canucks on the Da Vinci project. Given that this is almost exactly 1/3 of the way to the X Prize and that they already have broken the red tape barrier, I have trouble seeing anyone catching up to Rutan and crew at this point.
      • by SB9876 (723368) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:34PM (#8810203)
        True, it's basically a test of designs at this point. Rutan and company could probably go for the X Prize tomorrow is they felt like it but at great risk to the pilots. Conversely, they might find out that at mach 3, SpaceShipOne has unfixable stability problems. Basically, that's back to the drawing board and all chances for a win are gone then.

        However, sing as how no other team has even tested a full scale demonstrator yet, Rutan is firmly in the lead. Armadillo hasn't even figured out their entire landing proceedure yet. It's hard to figure out where Da Vinci is at since they're site is somewhat short on details. It took a while to even figure out that they had physical components ready. Unless something goes wrong, it's hard to see anyone passing Scaled at this point.
  • by skywolf (757605) on Thursday April 08 2004, @05:59PM (#8809843)
    Although this team have spent more than the prize money, it seems incredible that they have designed, built and flight tested a prototype for less than the cost of any off-the-shelf space-launch I have ever heard of.

    Is this 'cos they're good, or is it the case that the two tasks (suborbital flight, orbital flight) really don't bear any comparison? Five years from now, will Slashdot be covering the Y prize (orbital flight) or ultimately even the Z-prize (presumably an amateur moonshot)

    • There is a very logical upgrade path from a suborbital to an orbital vehicle.

      A manned suborbital vehicle going to 100km altitude needs a reaction control system to orient itself in a vacuum. It needs to be pressurized. And it needs a (small) heat shield.

      So it really is a space craft that just does not have enough delta-v to make orbit.

      By increasing the available delta-v incrementally you can work out the bugs much easier than if you had to do it all in one big step like they did with the shuttle.

      A suborbital craft is also very interesting as a reusable first stage for a microsattelite launch vehicle. For example with the payload of the spaceship one and an expendable upper stage it should be possible to get about 10kg into low earth orbit. This would be very interesting for universities and radio amateurs that can not affor d a large launch vehicle.

      The DOD has also shown some interest in microsattelites. This is a nice way to make some money while developing a real reusable orbital space craft.
      • I have to respectfully disagree. Your statement:

        So it really is a space craft that just does not have enough delta-v to make orbit.

        ...Has to be the understatement of the year. Yes, sub-orbital spaceflight addresses many of the technical challenges of orbital spaceflight, however it doesn't address the only hard one. Reaction control and the aerodynamics are really rather straight forward. This project does not address the thermal control issues of orbital flight, as the heat loads are no where near wh

  • Okay, you guys... (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Faust7 (314817) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:01PM (#8809865) Homepage
    Enough with the "I'll believe it when I see them fly at xxxx feet" or "Rutan's an aviator, not an aerospace engineer" or "Only 15 seconds? Bah!' comments. Just suppress the generalizations and childishness for a little while... and watch Burt Rutan, Scaled Composites, and SpaceShipOne. Watch them as if you were waiting for the curtain to be raised for an opening act, because that's exactly what this is. This is rocket plane history unfolding.

    Rutan and his company aren't doing this for the prize. They're doing it to make a point about certain types of aviation and engineering that have been long derided by NASA and other naysayers as being unrealistic, impossible, et cetera.

    Look at Rutan's track record, which includes the development of composites--an absolute breakthrough that the FAA is just now getting around to accepting--and the Long-EZ craft. Look at everything the guy has done, and the company he has, and tell me he doesn't have one hell of a chance at making this thing work.
      • True, 100 km is old stuff for NASA but it's still quite useful. There's the whole space tourism for 1/10th the cost angle which does have appeal. The Russians are building a space plane (another X Prize contestant, BTW) for that very purpose. I don't know what the maximum downrange for SpaceShipOne is but it has great potential for moving small numbers of people and freight at high speeds. Need to send someone or something from LA to New York in 1.5 hours for $100K a pop? There's a solid, profitable bu
        • Why do I need cheap access to space? If you gave me a cable that worked for a space elevator, but the only material that would work resulted in a cable that required something with twice the power of the Saturn V, I'd jump at it despite having to hire rocket scientists to design and build the thing. (Assume that the plan of dropping a small cable to pull the big one up turns out not to work for whatever reason).

          Once I get a cable in place, all launches are cheap. I can undercut anyone with a conventio

  • how long now? (Score:5, Insightful)

    by bwy (726112) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:06PM (#8809917)
    Something is getting ready to happen real soon. Days after an FAA launch permit, a second powered test all the way to over 100K feet. The burning question is, how many more test launches before they go the distance? Surely, the history of test piloting experimental aircraft can yield a little input? What are the things left to verify and confirm before going the full 300K+ feet? I'm guessing not a whole lot if performance was good on the spacecraft and the engine burn went well. Is the cabin of SpaceShipOne fully pressurized, or do they depend exclusively on the pilot wearing a pressure suit?

    This is very exciting to watch. I wish these guys all the luck and safety in the world.
    • Re:how long now? (Score:4, Insightful)

      by SB9876 (723368) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:19PM (#8810060)
      As another poster pointed out, 100K feet is about the maximum altitude where flaps still give aerodynamic control. Above that, they're going to have to depend upon the attitude control system. My guess is that the next flight will go to slightly over 100K feet and test those systems out.

      After that, there will probably be a series of flights progressively going higher and faster to test out the high speed handling of the craft. Rutan is known for being very methodical about testing new designs.

      After that, they'll probably start doing a few flights to 300K+ feet to make sure that everything works correctly. After that, they'll load on the two extra passengers and prepare to make the two flights in one week necessary to get the prize. (just hitting the altitude doesn't get you the prize) Knowing Rutan, he'll probably throw in a couple more flights in that first week just to show off.
    • Re:how long now? (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Thagg (9904) <thadbeier@gmail.com> on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:32PM (#8810186) Journal
      Actually, SpaceShip One is a shirtsleeve environment. The pilots don't wear pressure suits. I believe all the windows are double-paned, each of which would hold pressure by themselves. The environmental controls on the ship are pretty simple, there are scrubbers to remove CO2 and water vapor, and they have an oxygen bottle to bleed some oxygen into the cabin.

      Pressure suits are a real pain, and they restrict the pilot's vision, hearing, and motion so much that it's really good if you can avoid them. SpaceShip One is no walk in the park to fly, the pilot really needs all the help he can get to fly it.

      Godspeed, Burt.

      thad
  • by close_wait (697035) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:20PM (#8810074)
    I'd just like to remind everyone that putting an object into a low-earth orbit requires about 25 times the energy of just raising it vertically to that height and letting it fall back to earth. That's why the commercial rockets that put satellites into orbit will continue to be big expensive beasts, X-prize or no X-Prize.

    • by mrright (301778) <rudi&lambda-computing,com> on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:38PM (#8810242) Homepage
      The X-Price vehicles itself will not compete with orbital launch vehicles. But they are a good way to learn how to build a real reusable space vehicle instead of just converted ICBMs like we have been doing for the last 50 years.

      And there is a commercial rocket in production [spacex.com] that is small compared to its competitors and has a reusable first stage. It will be used to launch satellites for the DOD, among others.

      There are already plans to scale this vehicle up to a much larger size. And the first stage will still be reusable.
    • by SB9876 (723368) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:46PM (#8810320)
      I'd seen figures closer to 12 times as much energy but the difference is largely academic. Either way, geting to LEO is expensive. However, I'd expect to see an X2 prize being offered to get to LEO after this. Remember that a lot of the high costs of LEO launchers are artificial. The fuel is usually about 2% of the total launch cost. The rest is all those launch technicians and the cost of all those non-reusable rocket parts.

      Boeing has managed to capitalize on reducing the launch technician side of things along with using cheaper Ukranian parts to get launch costs down to about $5000/kg to LEO with Sea Launch. That's half the cost of their own Delta launchers. The DC-X several years ago had real promise of beinga practical SSTO, massively cutting launch costs. Unfortunately, NASA axed it, seeing it as a competitor. The hope is that the rise of private companies that aren't tied to NASA politics will be able to eventually replicate the work done on the DC-X and actually get some real progress on cheap orbital launches rather than the technology of the month approach NASA's been dumping money down the last 20 years.
  • by reallocate (142797) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:50PM (#8810375)
    My understanding is that the Rutan craft will accelerate to a few times the speed of sound and then coast to 60 kilometers.

    Remembering that achieving orbit is a matter of velocity, not altitude, is the Rutan design a dead end? I.e., could this design achieve orbit with the addition of a more powerful engine? (I know the easy answer is "Yes", but I'm asking if this particular design is capable of orbital flight.) If so, would the Rutan's rather unusual reentry approach work in a return from orbit?
    • Getting SpaceShipOne up to LEO just requires a larger carrier arcraft and more powerful, higher Isp boosters. (About 12 times bigger but at least that's something that can be attacked with standard aerospace engineering) The reentry is where the problem is at. 17,000 mph is a lot of speed to bleed off. The current SpaceShipOne design isn't capable of mounting the heat shielding necessary to survive those kinds of thermal loads.
    • by mrright (301778) <rudi&lambda-computing,com> on Thursday April 08 2004, @07:09PM (#8810536) Homepage
      It will coast to 100km, which is the official edge of space. And the design is not a dead end. It does exactly what it is designed to do: fly to 100km.

      The overall concept which rutan is using is staging at high altitude and low speed with a more or less conventional aircraft as a first stage.

      This is most definitely not a dead end. There are existing launchers such as pegasus that do it that way, and there are also some very serious proposals for orbital two stage space transports with a large, rocket assisted transport aircraft as a first stage.

      Give rutan a price of 100 million $ and he will come up with a concept for an orbital two stage space transport. It will probably look completely different (no two rutan aircraft look alike), but I would bet that it will use subsonic staging at high altitude.
  • First FAA license (Score:5, Informative)

    by Eric Smith (4379) * <ericNO@SPAMbrouhaha.com> on Thursday April 08 2004, @07:29PM (#8810681) Homepage Journal
    received a license from the FAA, the first license for a suborbital rocket."
    No, it's the first commercial license issued for a MANNED suborbital rocket, which is much more significant.
    • Re:Um (Score:5, Informative)

      by lostchicken (226656) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:07PM (#8809922) Homepage
      Scaled has a huge reputation in the industry. They're sort of the outsource Skunk Works. Companies like Boeing and Lockheed go to Scaled when they need something bizarre built and tested. Scaled isn't ever going to have a spot next to Boeing and Lockheed because Boeing and Lockheed are their customers.
    • Re:Um (Score:5, Insightful)

      by pokeyburro (472024) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:08PM (#8809944) Homepage
      Pretty much bragging rights, yes.

      Or you could look at it this way: sub-orbital flight can potentially yield returns far beyond the investment. And I don't mean just the ability to fly at sub-orbital altitudes; getting this far proves you've got the brains and cojones to achieve this feat, which attracts other investors, which can fund bigger projects.

      But if you can't bear the investment, the X-Prize may soften that blow to the point that a company may give it a try. Think of it as a carrot that will feed you long enough to get to the BIG carrot farther on.
    • A lot of the aviation 'firsts' had nothing to do with commercial interests on the part of the participants. They just wanted to DO it, because they thought they could. On that note, Carmack's efforts are closer in spirit to those of the Wrights, Lindbergh, et al, than Rutan (since Burt and Dick are well known in the experimental aircraft business) but it looks like that within a couple of years there will be a number of private organizations capable of doing Low-Earth-Orbit vehicle insertion. What that is going to do for society? I dunno. The suborbital capability alone basically gives Rutan etc. the ability to deliver people or cargo partway around the world in half an hour. That would be one hell of a courier service.
      • by PhantomHarlock (189617) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:27PM (#8810129)
        > Carmack's efforts are closer in spirit to those of the Wrights, Lindbergh, et al, than Rutan (since Burt and Dick are well known in the experimental aircraft business)

        Except that the wrights spent most of the rest of their career suing other people over patents. Everyone else continued innovating despite them. But I am sure you are referring to the good part where they were building aircraft out of their bicycle shop. :)

      • by corngrower (738661) on Thursday April 08 2004, @06:32PM (#8810189) Journal
        You realize that the first nonstop transatlantic flight was made by a couple of Brits, not Lindbergh. He was first to solo. I think the flight by the British really was more important historically, but you won't find it in any American textbooks.
    • Re:Can't wait (Score:3, Interesting)

      Bah the prudes can rate me into oblivion, but I'm telling ya the average joe going into space is what will change everything.